scholarly journals Planning Peri-Urban Open Spaces: Methods and Tools for Interpretation and Classification

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Enrico Gottero ◽  
Claudia Cassatella ◽  
Federica Larcher
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Landscape Unit ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Development Goals

Today, planning an urban–rural interface requires redefining the planner’s role and toolbox. Global challenges such as food security, climate change and population growth have become urgent issues to be addressed, especially for the implications in land use management. Urban–rural linkages, socio-economic interactions and ecological connectivity are the main issues on which the new urban agenda and sustainable development goals focus. Thus, urban and peri-urban agriculture (professional and not professional) in urban–rural interfaces has a crucial role in the maintenance and enhancement of landscape quality, urban green spaces and ecosystem services. The research presented in this article adopts a holistic approach, with a special focus on open spaces, in order to understand the complexity of peri-urban landscapes and to identify homogeneous units. It also defines map-based indices to characterize peri-urban landscape types and identify main functions to maintain and enhance. The method was applied to the peri-urban area of Turin (Italy), and maps of spatial and functional classification at the landscape unit level were generated, as well as a map of critical areas to improve. Despite some minor limitations, the method and tools proposed appear to have a range of applications in the context of global challenges and from a landscape perspective.

The fragmentation of urban landscapes: global evidence of a key attribute of the spatial structure of cities, 1990–2000

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo Angel ◽  
Jason Parent ◽  
Daniel L Civco
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Global Evidence

The fragmentation of urban landscapes – or the inter-penetration of the built-up areas of cities and the open spaces in and around them – is a key attribute of their spatial structure. Analyzing satellite images for 1990 and 2000 for a global sample of 120 cities, we find that cities typically contain or disturb vast quantities of open spaces equal in area, on average, to their built-up areas. We also find that fragmentation, defined as the relative share of open space in the urban landscape, is now in decline. Using multiple regression models, we find that larger cities are less fragmented, that higher-income cities are more fragmented, that cities with higher levels of car ownership are less fragmented, and that cities that constrain urban development are less fragmented. We recommend that making room for urban expansion in rapidly growing cities should take into account their expected fragmentation levels.

scholarly journals The regaining of public spaces to enhance the historic urban landscape

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bolici ◽  
Matteo Gambaro ◽  
Cristiana Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Urban Complex

<p>Open spaces in the urban landscapes suffer from deterioration caused by man that leads to two major outcomes: on one side they are abandoned because of newer contemporary needs, on the other hand they tend to be “cannibalized” in the attempt to satisfy our society. This has caused a progressive retraction of urban open spaces that have become residual spaces with no shape and no name.<br />This course of crisis has damaged the identity of places and this is more acute in historic urban landscapes that are recognised as cultural heritage and world heritage. The historic urban landscape approach suggested by UNESCO recognises public spaces’ importance for society and promotes the acknowledgement of public spaces and their dynamism aiming to the integration of preservation, social development and economic targets.<br />To understand how “historic urban landscapes” are taking care of their public spaces, a few Management Plans of UNESCO’s World Heritage cities have been compared. Only Italian UNESCO sites with an “urban complex” characterisation have been considered, this means a limited part of a city with homogenous characteristics from a spatial, historic and cultural point of view. We have focused our attention on the specific interventions for the management of open spaces, in order to identify the major targets and their executive tools, projects and actions.<br />In the light of the above-mentioned analyses, we propose some strategies to fight the decline of public spaces (streets, squares, gardens, etc.) and to enhance these spaces with great attention, trying to improve their fruition and comfort according to their historic and cultural values.<br />The need to identify design strategies to enhance public spaces within the historic urban landscape is included in the research and test activities carried out in the UNESCO site of Mantova and Sabbioneta. This site is an excellent area of applicability because of its urban shape, molded in years by the Gonzaga family. Together with the UNESCO Mantova e Sabbioneta office, we have involved citizens in the requalification design to activate regaining process and test the applicability of our analyses in the city of Mantova, a very articulated and complex reality, starting from the fruition of its places and according to its morphological, environmental, cultural and perceptive aspects.</p>

scholarly journals Is habitat heterogeneity effective for conservation of butterflies in urban landscapes of Delhi, India?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 19302-19309
Author(s):  
Monalisa Paul ◽  
Aisha Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types

The present study which was conducted in 2015–16 and 2016–17 emphasizes the nine different types of habitats used by 40 listed butterflies in six different urban landscapes of Delhi. Assessment of flowerbeds, grasses, hedges/crops/bushes, artificial light, wet soil/damp patches/humus, trees, open spaces/grounds, bird droppings, and roads/pavements/concrete spaces in conserving butterfly diversity in highly urbanized landscapes by testing the hypothesis that diversity of butterflies across all the habitats are similar, was the focal point of the study. Except for the artificial light and the paved roads or concrete spaces, all other habitats were natural in surroundings. The families Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae had the largest habitat share (26%), whereas the family Hesperiidae had the minimum share (9%). Aravalli Biodiversity Park, New Delhi maintained the serenity of natural ones. Species richness and diversity was the highest at flowerbeds and lowest at the artificial light. The study highlights the choice of heterogeneous habitats by city butterflies to integrate the concept of the urban green spaces into a wide variety of urban development projects which in turn can help their own sustenance. 

Analysis of pre-service teachers’ perception towards the economic, environmental, social and cultural dimensions of Education for Sustainable Development

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 972-978
Author(s):  
Manisha Jetly ◽  
Dr. Nandita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Class Room

Education for sustainable development (ESD) enjoys a huge momentum worldwide in which the role of teachers for making sustainable development goals a reality has been recognized significantly. Teachers through their knowledge, attitudes and skills can bring the learning about these concepts to the curriculum and class room interaction and are in a position to influence their students. Therefore it is pertinent, that teachers are sensitised towards these issues, so that they prepare and nurture their students for making appropriate and responsible choices which contribute to a sustainable future. At this juncture it becomes crucial to understand their priorities and awareness level in context of the sustainable development. The present research paper aims to analyse the perception of forty post graduate pre-service teachers of the Chandigarh region, towards ESD through the dimensions of economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, social sustainability and cultural sustainability. For this researchers have adopted qualitative content analysis methodology for an in-depth study of the subjective responses through an open ended question. The findings suggest that most of the respondents associated the perception of ESD strongly with environmental sustainability. It is noted that the pre-service teachers lack a holistic approach towards ESD. On the basis of the findings it is recommended that there is an urgent need of integrating the concept of ESD consciously and conscientiously in India’s teacher education programmes.

Why are companies still struggling to reach higher continuous improvement maturity levels? Empirical evidence from high performance companies

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jurburg ◽  
Elisabeth Viles ◽  
Carmen Jaca ◽  
Martin Tanco
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Performing

Purpose – Continuous improvement (CI) is regarded as a powerful approach to achieve business excellence. However, the implementation is not simple as it involves managing a considerable amount of tangible and intangible factors throughout the whole organization. The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap by presenting first-hand information about how companies really implement and organize their CI processes. Design/methodology/approach – The study was based on semi-structured interviews in ten high performing companies in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain well known for its business quality. The objective was to analyze the state of their CI processes, putting special focus on how the organizational structure integrates with the CI processes and what are the characteristics of the corresponding measurement system. Findings – The study shows a lack of company-wide focus on CI, little written evidence of previous improvement activities, unclear improvement process owner, and poor use of adequate measurement systems to monitor CI. Practical implications – Managers should understand that is not enough to guarantee their own commitment and provide the structure, since in order to become learning organization, a different holistic approach towards the CI process must be adopted. Originality/value – While most previous work on this field have focused primarily on how to implement different techniques in order to achieve better productive performance, this study presents empirical research from a more holistic approach, assessing the characteristics affecting CI by considering strategy, structure, and the measurement system.

scholarly journals Investigation of The Sufficiency of Antalya Parks

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2449-2457
Author(s):  
Orhun Soydan ◽  
Nefise Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Neighborhood Boundaries ◽  
Nature Parks

Urban green spaces are areas established to meet the recreational needs of urban people. Although green spaces vary from country to country and region in terms of plan and design features, they were basically created to allow people to meet with nature. Parks are the basic components of urban landscapes that provide environmental and social functional value. Urban parks, in particular, provide spaces for outdoor physical activities. In order to take advantage of the opportunities of activities in the parks, users must have convenient access to these resources. One of the most important aspects for researching the use and potential benefits of urban green spaces is the assessment of their geographic accessibility. The widespread use of smart city systems and the gradual expansion of their usage areas increase the importance of spatial analysis. Spatial analyses are used in today’s urban management in the processes of determining social needs, identifying current problems, and putting forward solutions. When spatial analyses are used together with GIS, the field of application develops even more, and it supports local governments in responding to the changing demands of the society for a better life. In the study, the adequacy and accessibility of 160 city parks in Konyaaltı District of Antalya Province were examined. In terms of the adequacy of the parks, the area value of 10 m2 per person determined with the Construction Plan numbered 3194 was taken as basis. In terms of accessibility, distance values of 200, 400, 800, 1,200 meters were examined. Neighborhood boundaries and population information were obtained from the relevant units, and Arc-GIS software was used in the analysis. It was determined that the parks in Konyaaltı district were insufficient in terms of adequacy and accessibility. Finally, suggestions were made in terms of increasing the adequacy of the parks and ensuring accessibility.

scholarly journals Conjugated structure of the lawn-grass cover of the urban landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (212) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Mikhail Motyl ◽  
◽  
Alexander Romanyuk ◽  
Vladimir Titok
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Unique Object ◽  
Starting Point

The features of the conjugated structure of plants of the lawn-grass cover of the city of Minsk as an unique object of a natural-anthropogenic landscape and a phyto-indicator of the current state of urban green spaces of Belarus are established. The basic composition of 35 species of native flora, which form 10 conjugated groups and reflect diversity of ecological niches, is determined. Their composition and the nature of the bonds indicate a tendency toward xerophytization of the soil cover. The data obtained reflect the initial stage of its transformation and can serve as a starting point for monitoring climate and anthropogenic changes in the structure of urban green spaces.

scholarly journals Contribution of planed urban green spaces for promoting human health. Case of Chandigarh, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Goel Tripathi ◽  
◽  
Mahavir Mahavir ◽  
Prabh Bedi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Healthy City ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
The Social

Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals has the seventh target of its Sustainable Cities and Communities focused on providing access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces. Principles of sustainable development necessitate that a balance is struck between environment and development to ensure healthy urban living. It has long been established that the presence of natural areas and planned open green spaces in and around urban settlements contributes to a quality of life by providing important ecological, social and psychological benefits to humans. In India, rapid urbanisation is resulting in significant land being used for developmental activities resulting in decline in open spaces across cities. It needs to be noted, the case in Chandigarh, India is different from rest of the country, where open spaces are considered as inviolable land use. Being a rare exception amongst the cities established immediately after India’s Independence, urban greens were visualized and planned as an integral component in the city’s Master Plan. Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body, where green spaces symbolized the lungs. The greens in Chandigarh were created as functional, organized and natural spaces for integration and convergence of mind and body, that is the city as well as of its population. The research delves into the aspect of inclusivity of its various green spaces based on the social survey of the city’s residents. The intent is to determine the usability and accessibility of the greens by the residents for various recreational, cultural and ecosystem services. The measures of inclusivity of the green spaces are defined to address the key question being researched upon, that is if green spaces have contributed to Chandigarh being a healthy city. Built upon the social survey tools, the authors discern the typologies of green spaces as the measure for building a healthy city contextualized for Chandigarh.

scholarly journals URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Collado Capilla ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Landscape Assessment ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Strategic Element ◽  
The City

URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT Vicente Collado Capilla1 and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón21Servicio de Infraestructura Verde y Paisaje. Generalitat Valenciana. Ciutat Administrativa 9 D'Octubre-Torre 1, C/ Castán Tobeñas 77, 46018 Valencia; 2Servicio Territorial de Urbanismo. Provincia de Valencia. Generalitat Valenciana. Prop I, C/ Gregorio Gea, nº 27, 46009 Valencia. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]  Key words: urban_landscape, streetcape, landscape_value, andscape_assessment, landscape_preferences. The urban landscape assesment as an important element in the quality of life and the sustainable development of the city constitutes an incipient field of investigation from a new perspective that adds meanings and values. An analysis of the different methodological developments and national and international experiences in the assessment of these landscapes will highlight its importance as a strategic element to improve the quality of the city. It starts from the concept of assessment as a system where tangible and intangible values ​​are considered by the population and the experts. These include among other formal, economic, environmental, social, cultural issues (…) and the relationships between them. Consideration of the opinions of experts from different points of view such as urbanism and architecture but also environment, economy, geography, history, archeology, sociology, social assistance, etc. Together with the preferences expressed by the population regarding the spaces they inhabit on a daily basis and their aspirations, strengthen the sense of belonging and the identity of the place as key elements in the perception of the urban landscapes that allows to contribute new qualities, integration criteria and ​​contemporary values to any type of intervention. These are strategies and intervention procedures that start from the complexity of the city as a system and incorporate the perception that citizens have or will have of their immediate environment.  References: Czynska Klara and Pawel Rubinowicz (2015). ´Visual protection Surface method: Cityscape values in context of tall buildings´. SSS10 Proceedings of the 10 th International Space Syntax Symposium. Paquette Sylvain (2008). Guide de gestion des paysages au Québec. Université de Montréal Pallasmaa, Juhani (2005). The Eyes of the Skin. Architecture and the Senses. New York: John Wiley. Ministry of Environment and Energy The National Forest and Nature Agency (1997). International Survey of Architectural Values in the Environment. Denmark . The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management &amp; Assessment (2013). Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Third Edition, London: Routledge.

scholarly journals FRAGMENTATION AND DEGRADATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE IN HERGLA, TUNISIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
Meriem Chaggar ◽  
Mohsen Boubaker
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
The City

This research proposes to identify the factors of the urban landscapes degradation in Hergla’s city (Tunisia) according on the citizen participation. It is based on the survey method which is developed around two axes: the citizen perception of urban landscapes and the factors of their degradation. According to the responses obtained, "the sea" represents the particular value of the landscapes identified as "quality" in Hergla. Citizens don’t appreciate landscapes of urban sprawl which makes the city lose its identity. Moreover, the lack of citizen participation in the urban actions and the non-observance of the urban regulations are the most cited factors of the landscape degradation. These results highlight the importance of involving the citizens in the planning process for a sustainable territory.

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