scholarly journals Evaluation of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model Biome-BGCMuSo for Modelling Soil Organic Carbon under Different Land Uses

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Maša Zorana Ostrogović Ostrogović Sever ◽  
Zoltán Barcza ◽  
Dóra Hidy ◽  
Anikó Kern ◽  
Doroteja Dimoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a mandatory pool in national inventory reports on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals to the UNFCCC. Hence, its accurate assessment is important. Modelling SOC changes for national GHG reports is encouraged, but the uncertainty related to this pool still presents a significant challenge; thus, verifying modelling results with field observations is essential. We used the process-based model Biome-BGCMuSo and assessed its suitability for use in Croatia’s GHG reporting. We modelled SOC stocks in the top 30 cm of the mineral soil layer (SOC30) for four different land-use (LU) categories (Deciduous/Coniferous Forest, Grassland and Annual Cropland) distributed in three biogeographical regions (Alpine, Continental and Mediterranean) and compared them with results of a national soil survey. A total of 573 plot level simulations were undertaken and results were evaluated at three stratification levels (LU, LU × biogeographical region, and plot). The model reproduced the overall country mean of SOC30 with no overall bias, and showed good performance at the LU level with no significant (p < 0.05) difference for all LUs except Deciduous Forest (11% overestimation). At finer stratifications, the model performance considerably worsened. Further model calibration, improvement and testing, as well as repeated soil survey are needed in order to assess the changes in SOC30 and to evaluate the potential of the Biome-BGCMuSo model for use in GHG reporting.

Predicting water fluxes through forests from monthly precipitation and mean monthly air temperature records

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Arp ◽  
Xiwei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Temperature Records

A process-oriented computer model addressing all major water fluxes through forests is introduced. The model is driven by monthly mean air temperature, monthly precipitation, and mean snow fraction of that precipitation. Other data requirements are limited to latitude, proportions of coniferous and deciduous trees in the forest, thickness of each soil layer (forest floor, soil, and subsoil), and clay fraction (or texture) of each mineral soil layer. The number of parameters to be calibrated is kept at a minimum. Parameter calibration is applicable across sites without further modification unless warranted by outstanding physical differences. The model successfully reproduces available data on throughfall, snowpack, forest floor percolate, soil water content, and streamflow from a deciduous forest in Ontario (Turkey Lakes) and a coniferous forest in Quebec (Lake Laflamme).

scholarly journals Organic mulching promotes soil organic carbon accumulation to deep soil layer in an urban plantation forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Sun ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Qingxu Ma ◽  
Jiahui Liao ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Fractions

Abstract Background Soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for soil quality and fertility in forest ecosystems. Labile SOC fractions are sensitive to environmental changes, which reflect the impact of short-term internal and external management measures on the soil carbon pool. Organic mulching (OM) alters the soil environment and promotes plant growth. However, little is known about the responses of SOC fractions in rhizosphere or bulk soil to OM in urban forests and its correlation with carbon composition in plants. Methods A one-year field experiment with four treatments (OM at 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm thicknesses) was conducted in a 15-year-old Ligustrum lucidum plantation. Changes in the SOC fractions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil; the carbon content in the plant fine roots, leaves, and organic mulch; and several soil physicochemical properties were measured. The relationships between SOC fractions and the measured variables were analysed. Results The OM treatments had no significant effect on the SOC fractions, except for the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). OM promoted the movement of SOC to deeper soil because of the increased carbon content in fine roots of subsoil. There were significant correlations between DOC and microbial biomass carbon and SOC and easily oxidised organic carbon. The OM had a greater effect on organic carbon fractions in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. The thinnest (5 cm) mulching layers showed the most rapid carbon decomposition over time. The time after OM had the greatest effect on the SOC fractions, followed by soil layer. Conclusions The frequent addition of small amounts of organic mulch increased SOC accumulation in the present study. OM is a potential management model to enhance soil organic matter storage for maintaining urban forest productivity.

scholarly journals Effects of Urban Forest Types and Traits on Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Beijing

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Xinhui Xu ◽  
Zhenkai Sun ◽  
Zezhou Hao ◽  
Qi Bian ◽  
Kaiyue Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock

Forests can affect soil organic carbon (SOC) quality and distribution through forest types and traits. However, much less is known about the influence of urban forests on SOC, especially in the effects of different forest types, such as coniferous and broadleaved forests. Our objectives were to assess the effects of urban forest types on the variability of SOC content (SOC concentration (SOCC) and SOC density (SOCD)) and determine the key forest traits influencing SOC. Data from 168 urban forest plots of coniferous or broadleaved forests located in the Beijing urban area were used to predict the effects of forest types and traits on SOC in three different soil layers, 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm. The analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used to test the differences in SOC between forest types or layers. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to explain the influence of forest traits on SOC and select the significant predictors. Our results showed that in urban forests, the SOCC and SOCD values of the coniferous forest group were both significantly higher than those of the broadleaved group. The SOCC of the surface soil was significantly higher than those of the following two deep layers. In PLSR models, 42.07% of the SOCC variance and 35.83% of the SOCD variance were explained by forest traits. Diameter at breast height was selected as the best predictor variable by comparing variable importance in projection (VIP) scores in the models. The results suggest that forest types and traits could be used as an optional approach to assess the organic carbon stock in urban forest soils. This study found substantial effects of urban forest types and traits on soil organic carbon sequestration, which provides important data support for urban forest planning and management.

scholarly journals Can Agricultural Management Induced Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Be Detected Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2265
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sanderman ◽  
Kathleen Savage ◽  
Shree Dangal ◽  
Gabriel Duran ◽  
Charlotte Rivard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Carbon Change

A major limitation to building credible soil carbon sequestration programs is the cost of measuring soil carbon change. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is considered a viable low-cost alternative to traditional laboratory analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC). While numerous studies have shown that DRS can produce accurate and precise estimates of SOC across landscapes, whether DRS can detect subtle management induced changes in SOC at a given site has not been resolved. Here, we leverage archived soil samples from seven long-term research trials in the U.S. to test this question using mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy coupled with the USDA-NRCS Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory MIR spectral library. Overall, MIR-based estimates of SOC%, with samples scanned on a secondary instrument, were excellent with the root mean square error ranging from 0.10 to 0.33% across the seven sites. In all but two instances, the same statistically significant (p < 0.10) management effect was found using both the lab-based SOC% and MIR estimated SOC% data. Despite some additional uncertainty, primarily in the form of bias, these results suggest that large existing MIR spectral libraries can be operationalized in other laboratories for successful carbon monitoring.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Poeplau ◽  
Lisa Reiter ◽  
Antonio Berti ◽  
Thomas Kätterer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
Crop Residue Incorporation ◽  
Soc Stocks

Crop residue incorporation (RI) is recommended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, the positive effect on SOC is often reported to be relatively low and alternative use of crop residues, e.g. as a bioenergy source, may be more climate smart. In this context, it is important to understand: (i) the response of SOC stocks to long-term crop residue incorporation; and (ii) the qualitative SOC change, in order to judge the sustainability of this measure. We investigated the effect of 40 years of RI combined with five different nitrogen (N) fertilisation levels on SOC stocks and five SOC fractions differing in turnover times on a clay loam soil in Padua, Italy. The average increase in SOC stock in the 0–30cm soil layer was 3.1Mgha–1 or 6.8%, with no difference between N fertilisation rates. Retention coefficients of residues did not exceed 4% and decreased significantly with increasing N rate (R2=0.49). The effect of RI was higher after 20 years (4.6Mgha–1) than after 40 years, indicating that a new equilibrium has been reached and no further gains in SOC can be expected. Most (92%) of the total SOC was stored in the silt and clay fraction and 93% of the accumulated carbon was also found in this fraction, showing the importance of fine mineral particles for SOC storage, stabilisation and sequestration in arable soils. No change was detected in more labile fractions, indicating complete turnover of the annual residue-derived C in these fractions under a warm humid climate and in a highly base-saturated soil. The applied fractionation was thus useful to elucidate drivers and mechanisms of SOC formation and stabilisation. We conclude that residue incorporation is not a significant management practice affecting soil C storage in warm temperate climatic regions.

scholarly journals Contents, distribution, and fractionation of soil organic carbon and trace elements in soils under a green manure application

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Yana Timofeeva ◽  
Lyudmila Purtova ◽  
Alexey Emelyanov ◽  
Maxim Burdukovskii ◽  
Irina Kiseleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Soluble Components

We quantified the soluble fractions of the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and the total and water-soluble trace elements in soils contaminated by household waste and remediated via the addition of green manure over 13 years and identified the main factors controlling the vertical distribution and accumulation of the trace elements. Green manure favoured the active formation of soil organic matter. The SOC of the examined soils was characterised by the active stabilisation by mineral soil compounds, but by a low degree of humification. The soils showed increased concentrations of Cr and Ni ions. The SOC and different soil compounds enriched by Si, Ca, and Mn ions were the important determinant for the distribution of Sr, V and Cu ions, as well as for the distribution of Pb and Cr ions bound to the water-soluble components of the soils. The low degree of SOC humification may be one of the main reasons of the high concentrations of Cu and Pb ions in the composition of the water-soluble soil compounds. The nickel ions were mainly associated with compounds enriched by the Al and Fe ions. The extremely high percentage concentration of the Ni ions in the water-soluble components of the soils may be result of the absence of the Ni ions adsorption by humic substances.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anaerobic Digestate on the Soil Organic Carbon and Humified Carbon Fractions in Different Land-Use Systems in Lithuania

Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Alvyra Slepetiene ◽  
Mykola Kochiieru ◽  
Linas Jurgutis ◽  
Audrone Mankeviciene ◽  
Aida Skersiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Fertilization Effects

The most important component of agricultural system are soils as the basis for the growth of plants, accumulation of water, plant nutrients and organic matter. The main task of our research was to ascertain changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and mobile humified carbon fractions in digestate-treated soils. We have performed three field experiments using the same design on two soil types in 2019–2020. We studied the fertilization effects of different phases of digestate on Retisol and Fluvisol. Fertilization treatments: control; separated liquid digestate 85 kg ha−1 N; and 170 kg ha−1 170 N; separated solid digestate 85 kg ha−1 N; and 170 kg ha−1 N. We have found a greater positive effect on the increase in SOC because of the use of the maximum recommended fertilization rate of the solid digestate. The content of mobile humic substances (MHS) tended to increase in grassland and crop rotation field in digestate-treated soil. In our experiment, maximum concentration of SOC was found in 0–10 cm soil layer, while in the deeper layers the amount of SOC, MHS and mobile humic acids proportionally decreased. We concluded, that long-term factors as soil type and land use strongly affected the humification level expressed as HD (%) in the soil and the highest HD was determined in the grassland soil in Fluvisol.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon stocks are systematically overestimated by misuse of the parameters bulk density and stone content

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Poeplau ◽  
Cora Vos ◽  
Axel Don
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. Estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks requires estimates of the carbon content, bulk density, stone content and depth of a respective soil layer. However, different application of these parameters could introduce a considerable bias. Here, we explain why three out of four frequently applied methods overestimate SOC stocks. In stone rich soils (> 30 Vol. %), SOC stocks could be overestimated by more than 100 %, as revealed by using German Agricultural Soil Inventory data. Due to relatively low stone content, the mean systematic overestimation for German agricultural soils was 2.1–10.1 % for three different commonly used equations. The equation ensemble as re-formulated here might help to unify SOC stock determination and avoid overestimation in future studies.

Spatial Distribution and Reserves Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Based on GIS in Maiji Area of Tianshui

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Ai Hong Gai ◽  
Ren Zhi Zhang ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Xiao Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Carbon Density ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Density ◽  
Secondary Survey ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage

The soil organic carbon density and storage of Maiji Area of Tianshui was estmiated, using the data of 6060 soil profile from the second soil survey of China and formulating fertilization for soil conditions in 2008. Integrating the soil map, land use status map and district map of Maiji Area of Tianshui, the index of the characteristic of soil organic distribution in different soil and soil layers were analyzed. Results showed: the soil of Maiji area have low average density, when soil secondary census, depths of 5cm,20cm,1m average density of organic carbon are 0.92kg•m-2,3.31kg•m-2,7.79kg•m-2 respectively, average density of organic carbon at depth of 20cm is 2.43 kg•m-2 in 2008 years, As a standard of Yu Dongsheng’s (2005) estimation of average density of 9.60 kg•m-2 in the depth of 1m all over the China, Maiji area 1m deep soil organic carbon density is lower 1.91kg•m-2 than the average density of whole country; The calculation of the secondary survey, reserves of organic carbon in surface soil (0-5cm) is about 4.83×106t, reserves of organic carbon in fall (0-20cm) is about 12.46×106t, reserves of soil organic carbon in 1m depth is about 45.17×106t, reserves of soil organic carbon in fall (0-20cm) is about 18.55×106t in 2008 years. In a word, the soil organic carbon storage was relatively indigent in Maiji Area of Tianshui.

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