scholarly journals Regional Spatial Approach to Differences in Rural Economic Development: Insights from Serbia

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Žana Jurjević ◽  
Stanislav Zekić ◽  
Danilo Đokić ◽  
Bojan Matkovski
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Eu Regions ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Rural Policy ◽  
The Eu

Rural regions with a larger share of the primary sector in the overall economy are limited in their ability to achieve a sufficient level of competitiveness. In countries such as Serbia, where rural areas play an important role, addressing the problems affecting these areas is important for overall development. The purpose of this study is to determine the socioeconomic performance of the rural regions of Serbia and the EU in order to indicate the position of Serbia’s rural areas in the process of European integration. NUTS 3 (NUTS 2 for Germany) was used for analysis, and from this an Index of Socioeconomic Performance was created. This Index was created using Factor Analysis. The results point to Serbia lagging behind other EU regions in terms of development, with most of Serbia’s rural regions receiving the lowest ratings. These results are cause for alarm and indicate a need to create strategies that will direct resources towards key issues in these areas, whose potential would be adequately used through the implementation of rural policy measures, with the aim of overall socioeconomic development.

scholarly journals Austrian agriculture: experience with the CAP and the anticipated effects of the EU’s Eastern enlargement

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Enlargement ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Eu

The transition to the CAP and admission to the internal market triggered a shock wave in Austria which caused fundamental changes in the country&rsquo;s farming and food industries. Behavioural patterns stuck in traditional routines and petrified structures began to break up. The resulting thrust towards modernisation has been a major success of the EU integration.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />Eastern enlargement, about to be embarked on by the European Union, will have a&nbsp;greater impact on Austrian agriculture than the country&rsquo;s accession to the EU ever had. Farmers will have to brace for a loss of market shares and an additional pressure to adjust. The rural regions bordering the accession candidates will be particularly hit and thus require special attention in terms of economic policy measures. Agriculture and rural regions in Eastern Europe will profit from the EU-membership.

scholarly journals STATE SUPPORT FOR AGRIBUSINESS IN GERMANY: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
A.ZH. NUKESHEVA ◽  
◽  
E.V. KUDRYASHOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the study is to determine the possibilities of using mechanisms for supporting agribusiness in foreign countries and to develop recommendations for their adaptation in domestic agriculture. The current socio-demographic situation in rural areas of Germany, Kazakhstan and other states, measures of public support are considered. In the EU and Germany, agricultural policy is aimed at intensive development of the industry: increasing the level of innovation in agricultural sector and food industry; maintaining high standards of environmental and animal protection; introduction of advanced scientific developments in the branches of agroindustrial production; supporting the activities of research institutes; increasing contribution to diversifying rural economic development. It was revealed that the aggregated budget of funding sources allows you to control its implementation at all levels from planning to final use. Public administration guarantees a stable income to farmers; an appropriate standard of living comparable to the wealth of other social groups in society; the prospects for the professional activity of entrepreneurs in the countryside; conditions and directions of training of agricultural personnel. Modern challenges, among which the aging of the population employed in agriculture in Europe and Germany, is currently the most important problem, therefore, starting in 2015, a new financial instrument to help young farmers under 40 was included into the main program of assistance to the EU agricultural sector. Analysis of employment indicators in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the experience of public support in Germany made it possible to formulate measures to support agricultural producers, which will change the approach to agricultural labor, its prestige.

scholarly journals Rural Policies for Sparsely Populated Areas in Finland – Old Problems, New Challenges and Future Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-491
Author(s):  
Toivo Muilu
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Land Area ◽  
European Context ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Rural Policy

Abstract Sparsely populated areas are in many countries seen as regressive regions lacking decent future options and demanding continuous support from the more prosperous parts of the country in question. This paper addresses rural policies drawn up in recent years to govern not only the negative trends but also the opportunities which the thinly populated rural areas of Finland are experiencing. Finland is, in the European context, a very sparsely inhabited country with long distances between population centres. Less populated areas account for 68% of the land area of Finland but only 5% of the population. Finland’s long tradition of rural policy implementation has resulted in a comprehensive approach also to the policy measures targeting especially the less populated areas.

scholarly journals The Changing Rural Policy Context: Discussion

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Steven E. Hastings ◽  
Gerald L. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Rural America ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Rural Policy

This paper discusses a paper presented by Stephen Smith at the 1995 annual meeting of the Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association. Smith presented key issues that have changed the context for rural development policy in the United States. We propose that the induced innovation model of economic development can be used to identify a variety of ways that LGU's can contribute to developing and delivering appropriate rural economic development programs. These ways include assisting rural communities in identifying comparative advantage, identifying and/or providing relevant resource persons, delivering appropriate educational programs and conducting research on important issues. The success of LGU's in these areas will depend on their willingness to undertake these activities and their ability to recognize and adapt to current to future economic and social realities affecting rural America.

Socioeconomic, demographic and environmental determinants of infant mortality in Nepal

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhakta Gubhaju ◽  
Kim Streatfield ◽  
Abul Kashem Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Previous Birth ◽  
Policy Measures

SummaryThe Nepal Fertility and Family Planning Survey of 1986 demonstrated that demographic variables, previous birth interval and survival of preceding child, still predominated as determinants of infant mortality, particularly in rural areas of Nepal. However, in urban Nepal, where the level of socioeconomic development is higher, an environmental variable, along with previous birth interval and survival of preceding child emerges as important in determining infant mortality. Separate policy measures for child survival prospects in rural and urban Nepal are suggested.

Improving the school-to-work transition for young people by closing the digital divide: evidence from the EU regions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Raileanu Szeles ◽  
Mihaela Simionescu
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Eu Regions ◽  
Sectoral Growth ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

PurposeThe paper aims to provide comparative empirical evidence on young people neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET-youth) under the influence of the digital divide, education and sectoral growth across the EU regions, with a focus on the transition patterns followed over time by EU regions in bridging the digital divide and their specific implications on school-to-work transition (STWT).Design/methodology/approachFirstly, five variables on Internet usage activities are aggregated into an index of E-skills. Secondly, linear dynamic panel data regression models are used to explain the influence of various factors on regional rates of NEET-youth, with or without grouping regions upon the digital divide in relative terms.FindingsAdvanced digital literary skills are found to have a stronger effect on the STWT than the basic ones. The growth of employment in specific economic activities like “Information and Communication” enhances STWT, but only when considering regional differences in the digital divide and E-skills as well. However, the negative effect of deprivation and low educational attainments on STWT is offset by a low level of the regional digital divide. In addition, more R&D expenditure in higher education is necessary to compensate for the effect of the digital divide on the STWT.Practical implicationsOn brief, the policy implications are twofold. Firstly, regions will need to focus more on reducing the digital divide, because it will not only generate positive effects for STWT but will also enhance the positive impact of education and sectoral growth on STWT and even compensate for their low progress. Secondly, in the context of the EU single market, to better address the situation of young people, regions should monitor the relative progress in bridging the digital divide and improving E-skills, with respect to the other EU regions. Improving the relative position on the EU map of E-skills increases the effectiveness of regional policies targeting the STWT.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper lies in the regional approach to the relationship between STWT and the digital divide, which allows us to derive new policy measures for the EU regions. Other innovative contributions rely on the identification of (1) transition patterns that region follow over time in improving STWT while bridging the digital divide and (2) policy measures addressing the NEETs in the context of the regional digital divide.

scholarly journals MODELS FOR BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF BULGARIAN RURAL REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF CAP POST-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
R. Beluhova-Uzunova ◽  
K. Hristov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
The Eu

The development of rural regions and rural disparities are the main issues in the European Union regional policy. The topic continues to be an object of serious discussion among policymakers and scientist. Agriculture plays an important role in rural areas and contributes to generating employment and income. In the past decades, the CAP is reforming and changing to address the challenges in the EU rural regions. The aim of the study is based on the socio-economic analysis of the rural regions in Bulgaria to formulate opportunities for more balanced and sustainable development. The paper observes possibilities and prospects for the rural areas in Bulgaria in the context of the CAP post-2020. The study reveals that depopulation and marginalization of rural regions remain major issues in Bulgaria. Therefore, the implementation of the territorial and local model should dominate in Pillar II for the 2014-2020 programming period. These approaches could stimulate transformations and transition to sustainable regional development. In order to maximize the potential of the Pillar II funding, the national regional policy also should be reviewed.

Characteristics of migrants coming to Europe: A survey among asylum seekers and refugees in Germany about their journey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-835
Author(s):  
Sebastian Paul
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eu Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Restrictive Policy

The year 2015 was significant in the history of the EU when millions of asylum seekers and refugees from the Middle East and Africa fled to Europe. Where some European countries accept immigrants from non-EU regions, others blame migrants for taking advantage of the social systems in Europe and followed restrictive policy measures. Thus, everyone speaks about migrants, but not with migrants. The article examines the characteristics of asylum seekers and refugees and their motives for coming to Europe. Over 100 interview-based surveys were conducted in this study. The findings of the paper show who these people are and from where they originated. Furthermore, there is evidence supporting the hypothesis that the majority of people flee because of severe danger (e.g., armed conflicts) and are not ‘economic migrants’ despite the claims of nationalistic governments in the EU.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC DYNAMISM IN THE REGIONS OF LITHUANIA / LIETUVOS REGIONŲ EKONOMINIO DINAMIŠKUMO VERTINIMAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Živilė Gedminaitė-Raudonė
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Rural Policy ◽  
New Criteria

Competiveness of regions is one of the most important policies formulating regional policy. The new focus on the specific fea­tures of the region and its competiveness encourages using the regional policy measures reflective of broader conception of the rural countryside. The new rural policy targeting and monitoring needs for typologies taking into account the diversity of rural regions. While creating region typologies for policy goals, it was essential to find new criteria and indicators for the measurement of the rural region’s economic potential. The economic dyna­mism becomes an important indicator of the region’s economic potential proposed by OECD organisation. This paper examines methodology to build a typology of economic dynamism for rural regions of Lithuania relevant for rural policy purposes. The re­search results shows that suggested typology based on economic dynamism, which is measured by the number of employed in all population aged 15–64, at this period is not suitable methodologi­cal tool for classification of rural regions in Lithuania. Santrauka Pastaruoju metu regioninėje politikoje ypač daug dėmesio skiriama regionų konkurencingumui. Priimant Lietuvos kaimo politikos sprendimus, regionų grupavimas pagal ekonominio konkurencingumo rodiklius taip pat labai aktualus. Kuriant regionų tipologijas, valdymo tikslams ieškoma naujų kriterijų ir rodiklių, padedančių atskleisti regionų ekonominio potencialo skirtumus. Straipsnyje pristatomi tyrimo, skirto įvertinti Lietuvos kaimiškųjų regionų tipologijų (pagal ekonominį dinamišku­mą) atitiktį kaimo politikos tikslams, rezultatai. Tyrimas parodė, kad EBPO propaguojamas regionų ekonominio dinamiškumo kriterijus, matuojamas užimtųjų dalies (15–64 m. amžiaus gyventojų skaičiaus) augimu regione, dabartiniame Lietuvos kaimo raidos etape neatspindi realių kaimiškųjų regionų ekonominių problemų. Priimant su Lietuvos regionų ekonomikos aktyvinimu susijusius kaimo politikos sprendimus, turėtų būti atliekami išsamesni tyrimai, padedantys atskleisti priežastis, formuojančias ekonominio konkurencingumo skirtumus regionuose.

Decreasing the Digital Divide by Increasing E-Innovation and E-Readiness Abilities in Agriculture and Rural Areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Miklós Herdon ◽  
Szilvia Botos ◽  
László Várallyai
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Workforce Education ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

Technologies and skills in the ICT sector have rapidly advanced in the past forty years, but the profession has not kept up with this process. Unfortunately, poorly qualified colleagues are even found in sector today. The EU ensures that the knowledge, skills and creativity of the European workforce (including ICT practitioners) meet the highest standards, by using effective lifelong learning. ICT programs offer workers the full advantage of strategic and operational opportunities. More and better qualified ICT practitioners and e-skilled managers are needed to take advantage of them. That is why e-skills are a central aspect of European policies, which increase the competitiveness and productivity of the workforce. Education providers, government and industries have to collaborate to accomplish these goals. Important factors of the digital divide are networking, internet penetration and services, as well as e-skills on all levels. This research and developments focus on the discovery of the differences in the e-readiness and developing of education programs in agri-informatics to reduce the digital gaps in agriculture and rural areas. In the first part of the article, the usage of network services were evaluated on two regional levels. On the national level, it analyzed the EU member states, in order to compare their actual development level. On a micro-regional level, the SMEs of a typical rural settlement were evaluated, since within the functional analysis, the evaluation of rural regions has grown in importance and, with regard to territory and population, Hungary is mainly classified as a rural area. 106 enterprises were involved in this study and the data collected during the research were derived by Principal Component and Cluster analyses. Farms consider network services to be unnecessary because of the nature of their work, even though most of the factors included in the analysis were considered important or expressly important by service and commercial enterprises, regardless of the applications they use. The second part of the article presents those educational tools which could increase the e-readiness of SMEs and principally aid agricultural enterprises.

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