scholarly journals New Indicators of Spatial Chaos in the Context of the Need for Retrofitting Suburbs

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Mantey ◽  
Wojciech Pokojski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Spatial Chaos ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
Basic Services

The article is dedicated to the phenomenon of spatial chaos in the suburban areas of Polish cities, which, due to uncontrolled scattering of buildings (urban sprawl), require urgent retrofitting. These activities should contribute to the gradual densification of buildings and the more frequent functioning of suburbanites in the local environment, close to the place of residence. The authors claim that the retrofitting of suburbs can be accomplished by impacting two dimensions of spatial chaos: limited pedestrian mobility around the place of residence (walkability) and low access to basic services. The article proposes a set of ten indicators and a synthetic index of spatial chaos that allow measuring the level of disorder in particular suburbs, and therefore on a smaller scale than a municipality, and at the same time refer to the features of the living environment typical of Polish suburbs. These indicators are a direct reference to the abovementioned dimensions of suburban spatial chaos and allow to estimate the degree of compactness of suburban settlements in its functional aspect. The research proved that the more sprawl-like features, the higher the level of spatial disorder.

ENVIRONMENT AND LIVING PLACE FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 572-573 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Bojanowska
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sense Of Security

Every person’s place of residence is part of their everyday living environment and largely determines their sense of security, while housing conditions affect the quality of life. Therefore, proper housing conditions, meeting the needs of older people and a friendly local environment have an impact on experiencing old age. The research shows that the elderly want to stay in their own house/flat as long as possible, in a familiar and friendly environment. Therefore, it is equally important to adapt a flat or a house to the possibilities of older people, as well as appropriate shaping of the public space, enabling them to move freely. Moreover, aging in the place of residence should mean the launch of numerous services adapted to the changing needs of this very diverse group of elderly people over time, which is part of the de-institutionalization process.

The Resource Development of Yulin Energy and Heavy Chemical Industry Base and Re-Thinking Sustainable City Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3264-3268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Feng Lei ◽  
Bang Yan Li ◽  
Xu Li Lei ◽  
Lun He
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
City Development ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Yulin City

Yulin City, which is rich in energy, is one of the national energy and chemical bases. But with the process of exploitation of resources, it causes serious ecological damage and has grim living environment situation in the local environment. It is in long-term about the sustainable development of city very urgent. This paper analyzes the reputation, ruin and its treatment of the development of energy resources in Yulin City, trying to explore the sustainable development mode which is suit in resource-dependent of area.

scholarly journals Housing Resources and Needs in Light of Modern Urban Transformations: the Case of Poznan

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Sławomir Palicki
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Urban Transformations

Abstract Polish cities have been at the stage of a dynamic suburban development for over a decade (which has led to the phenomenon of urban sprawl beyond any control). The population of big urban areas, together with their agglomerations is continuously increasing; however, migration tendencies towards suburban areas are strong as well. In such a situation, the question arises regarding the possibilities and the methods of suppressing the outflow of people to the neighboring communities, and once again, making the city an attractive place to live. The attempt to explain such an issue requires research into both the housing infrastructure and its inhabitants. Poznan has been severely affected by suburbanization. The diagnosis and assessment of Poznan housing resources and the preferences of its inhabitants are the starting point for taking further steps in making the housing conditions more attractive. The article shows the initial results of widespread research regarding housing in the capital city of the Wielkopolska Province (comprising over 2,500 households). A similar study for the entire agglomeration (Poznan County) is due to be completed soon. It will allow for a comparative analysis and formulating recommendations regarding the conditions and the direction of changes on the real estate market which would increase the attractiveness of central cities suffering from suburbanization. In a wider context, the publication might be seen as an analysis of one of the elements of modern urban changes, such as either market driven, or free and spontaneous processes of urban sprawl, and conscious actions taken by local governments (together with developers) regarding the integrated urban revitalization policy.

scholarly journals Exploring associations between children’s obesogenic behaviours and local environment using big data (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicos Maglaveras ◽  
Dimitris Filos ◽  
Irini Lekka ◽  
Vasileios Kilintzis ◽  
Leandros Stefanopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Custom Made

UNSTRUCTURED Obesity is a major public health problem globally and in Europe, while the prevalence of childhood obesity is also soaring. Several parameters of the living environment are contributing to this increase, such as the density of fast-food retailers, among others. Thus, preventive health policies against childhood obesity must focus on the environment to which children are exposed. Currently, there are no systems to objectively measure the effect of living environment parameters on obesogenic behaviours and obesity so that tailored policies can be planned. The H2020 project “BigO: Big Data Against Childhood Obesity” (http://bigoprogram.eu) aims to tackle childhood obesity by creating new sources of evidence based on big data. This paper introduces the Obesity Prevention dashboard (OPdashboard), implemented in the context of BigO, which can support public health authorities in formulating effective, context-specific policies and interventions addressing childhood obesity. In particular, OPdashboard allows for (i) the real time monitoring of children’s obesogenic behaviours, (ii) the extraction of associations between them and the local environment, (iii) the evaluation of an intervention in time, and (iv) the design of an action by predicting its effect. More than 3700 children, from more than 33 schools and 2 clinics, in 5 European cities have been monitored using a custom-made mobile application for the extraction of behavioural patterns through the capturing of accelerometer and geolocation data, while online databases were assessed in order to have a description of the environment. In this paper, OPdashboard functionality is described in detail, while the preliminary association outcomes in two European cities, namely Thessaloniki in Greece and Stockholm in Sweden, indicate a correlation between children’s eating and physical activity behaviours and the availability of food related places or sport facilities close to schools. In addition, OPdashboard was used to assess the modification of children’s physical activity as the result of the health policies applied for the deceleration of the COVID-19 outbreak. The preliminary outcomes of the analysis revealed that in urban areas the decrease on physical activity was statistically significant, while in the suburbs a slight increase was observed. Those findings suggest the importance of the open spaces availability on children’s behavioural change. However, additional factors must be taken into account in order to have a clearer understanding of the results. The OPdashboard is exposed as a web interface (http://bigo.med.auth.gr:3838/), while its functionality was evaluated during a focus group with experts on public health, where its usefulness on the better understanding of the interplay between children’s obesogenic behaviours and the environment was underlined.

scholarly journals Urbanization Chaos of Suburban Small Cities in Poland: ‘Tetris Development’

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Anna Majewska ◽  
Małgorzata Denis ◽  
Wioleta Krupowicz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
City Center ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Spatial Chaos ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Eu

This paper investigates the phenomenon of spatial chaos in Poland resulting from urban sprawl. The phenomenon is particularly visible in the case of suburban small cities which, in contrast to cities in the EU-15 countries with similar populations, are expanding excessively, causing a growth of urbanized areas exceeding several times the growth of their population. Suburbs of these cities increasingly resemble a badly played Tetris game. The selected study area consists of several cities in the Warsaw suburban zone where an increased dynamic of these processes can be observed. The paper presents detailed studies concerning the selected representative small cities. The morphology of urban tissue was studied as a marker of spatial order including: development intensity, street grid, plots parameters, presence of technical infrastructure, and distance from the functional city center. The analyses were performed based on cartographic archives, the data of the Central Statistical Office of Poland, topographic database and Kernel Density Estimation. ArcGIS ESRI and AutoCad software was used to present the study results. The conducted studies intend to diagnose the changes in the spatial layout in the context of the objectives of spatial order and sustainable development, and to define the indicators which should be taken into account in spatial planning documents drawn up for the studied areas.

scholarly journals Objective and Subjective Determinants of Neighborhood Satisfaction in the Context of Retrofitting Suburbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11954
Author(s):  
Dorota Mantey
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Neighborhood Satisfaction ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Spatial Chaos ◽  
Synthetic Indicator ◽  
Spatial Attributes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

A strong preference for suburban living has led to extensively developed suburbs that need retrofitting by improving their compactness. However, an attempt to make suburban areas more sustainable only by shaping their spatial form, without considering individual demands and preferences, is usually ineffective. The aim of this research is to better understand the factors that are important for suburban neighborhood satisfaction and to determine the relationship between neighborhood satisfaction and both the objective spatial attributes reflecting different levels of spatial chaos and satisfaction with particular neighborhood characteristics. The factor analysis and a linear multiple regression model have revealed that there are four significant subjective factors explaining neighborhood satisfaction, namely: assessed suburban assets, assessed accessibility, assessed walkability, and assessed mental and social attitude towards the neighborhood. Among these, the assessed accessibility is the most important predictor of the neighborhood satisfaction and synthetic indicator of spatial chaos the least significant one. Although the research proved that subjective measures are more important determinants of neighborhood satisfaction, fighting urban sprawl should be based on the interference in both subjective evaluations and objective spatial attributes, since two of the four subjective factors are likely to be strongly influenced by improving accessibility in the process of retrofitting suburbs.

scholarly journals Facilitating Servitization in Manufacturing Firms: The Influence of Strategic Orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13541
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yajuan Wang ◽  
Yao Li
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Technology Orientation ◽  
The Relationship

Servitization has significant implications for the sustainable development of manufacturing, the economy, and the environment. However, it does not always produce returns as the firms expect, which may discourage them from engaging in this transition. In this study, we examine the facilitating effects of two dimensions of strategic orientation (i.e., technology and market orientation) on two types of servitization (i.e., basic and advanced service provision), and further investigate the performance impacts of these servitization types contingent on firm size. By conducting an empirical study, using survey data comprising 210 samples, we confirm that both technology and market orientation are positively related to basic and advanced service provision. Moreover, while they have equal effects on basic services, market orientation is more important than technology orientation for providing advanced services. We also find that, for basic services, these two strategic orientations function independently, whereas they reinforce each other in the provision of advanced services. Finally, the relationship between servitization and firm performance is contingent on the size of the firm. Our results show that small firms can benefit from providing basic services, rather than advanced services, while only advanced services can improve the performance of large firms further.

scholarly journals Attractiveness of Cities during Social Isolation: Views of Residents of the Silesian Voivodeship (Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1272-1284
Author(s):  
Jacek Szołtysek ◽  
Rafał Otręba
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the widespread introduction of the principles of social isolation and drastically reduced the right of residents to use the city, limiting mobility and meetings. The article examines whether the temporarily limited mobility due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, reducing the quality of life in the city, also reduces its attractiveness. The city, assessed from the viewpoint of its attractiveness, aims to strengthen its appeal. We assume that the attractiveness of the city and assessment of the quality of life in the city are based on similar features. We sought answers to the following research questions. (1) Is it really possible to notice a decrease in the city’s attractiveness due to the pandemic? (2) Does a respondent’s opinion (belief) about the city as a living environment influence the assessment of the city in which the respondent lives? (3) Do factors describing the mobility of city inhabitants influence the quality of life? We revealed that the demographic characteristics of residents are to varying degrees related to the assessment of the attractiveness of the city. Gender of respondents has no significant influence on the assessment of the city and current place of residence, while age and educational level of education are important for this assessment. The older is the respondent, the lower is their assessment of the city. Simultaneously, the higher is the educational level, the higher is the propensity to assess the attractiveness of the city. The analysis of mobility revealed that not all examined mobility elements will equally improve the quality of life (measured by the assessment of the place of residence). Out of the 7 factors identified in the study, only 3 turned out to be statistically significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that these factors improve the quality of life of city residents.

scholarly journals Cluster analysis to the factors related to information about food fibers: A multinational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 593-606
Author(s):  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Paula Correia ◽  
Marcela Leal ◽  
Ivana Rumbak ◽  
Irena C. Barić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Cluster Membership

AbstractThe adequate intake of dietary fibers is essential to human health. Hence, this study intended to evaluate the level knowledge of about food fibers and investigate what factors might be associated with it. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample composed of 6,010 participants from ten different countries. The survey was based on a questionnaire of self-response, approved and complying with all ethical issues. The data collected were subjected to the factor analysis (FA) and the cluster analysis (CA). Validation was done by splitting the data set into two equal parts for confirmation of the results. FA concluded that ten from the 12 variables used to measure the knowledge about dietary fibre (DF) should be grouped into two dimensions or factors: one linked to health effects of DF (α = 0.854) and the other to its sources (α = 0.644). CA showed that the participants could be divided into three groups: Cluster 1 – good knowledge both about sources and health effects of DF; Cluster 2 – good knowledge about the sources of DF but poor knowledge about its health effects; Cluster 3 – poor knowledge both about sources and health effects of DF. The data were appropriate for the analysis by means of factor and CA, so that two factors and three clusters were clearly identified. Moreover, the cluster membership was found varying mostly according to the country, living environment, and level of education but not according to age or gender.

scholarly journals Renovation of residential areas for benefit of builders, state and citizens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Грушина ◽  
Ирина Торгашина
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Living Area

The paper deals with the problem of residential housing renovation projects for benefit of builders, citizens and state. The numerous interpretations of the “renovation” term we understand here as a complete renovation of the housing stock, i.e. demolition of old buildings and construction of new ones in contrast to their reconstruction and modernization. In other words, the renovation is considered as an urgent city-planning challenge involving changes in the field of territorial planning. On the example of the classic "Khrushchev" quarter of Irkutsk city, the authors propose a pilot renovation project with the distribution of roles and expenditures of all participants. The analysis conducted allows drawing a conclusion that renovation will be beneficial to the builder only if budget funds are invested in these projects in order to compensate the costs related to temporary resettlement of citizens from demolished dwellings. Another prerequisite is the governmental repurchase of apartments intended for resettlement of citizens from demolished housing at the prices not lower than those set by the authorities in the region. Citizens are ready to support renovation projects in case of their returning to their former place of residence in conditions improved from the point of view of the living environment comfort. To ensure the profit of the builder, the living area of the newly commissioned housing should exceed the area of the demolished housing by no less than one and a half times, provided that cheap technologies of modern prefabricated housing are used.

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