scholarly journals HPV and Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Brief Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Amr Mohamed Ouda ◽  
Ahmed Adel Elsabagh ◽  
Ibrahim Mohamed Elmakaty ◽  
Ishita Gupta ◽  
Semir Vranic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Severe Manifestation

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare but severe manifestation of human papillomavirus (HPV). As our knowledge about HPV infections has expanded, it has become possible to understand the course of RRP disease and unravel plausible efficient methods to manage the disease. However, the surge in reports on HPV has not been accompanied by a similar increase in research about RRP specifically. In this paper, we review the clinical manifestation and typical presentation of the illness. In addition, the pathogenesis and progression of the disease are described. On the other hand, we discuss the types of treatments currently available and future treatment strategies. The role of vaccination in both the prevention and treatment of RRP will also be reviewed. We believe this review is essential to update the general knowledge on RRP with the latest information available to date to enhance our understanding of RRP and its management.

The role of human papillomavirus vaccines in cervical cancer: Prevention and treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Bogani ◽  
Umberto Leone Roberti Maggiore ◽  
Mauro Signorelli ◽  
Fabio Martinelli ◽  
Antonino Ditto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccines ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccines ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

scholarly journals The Role of the Gastrointestinal System in Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Xu ◽  
Zifeng Wu ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Shijiang Liu ◽  
Ling Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is one of the most devastating pandemics in history. SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 100 million people worldwide, leading to more than 3.5 million deaths. Initially, the clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection were thought to be restricted to the respiratory system. However, further studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can also afflict multiple other organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. The number of gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations after SARS-CoV-2 infection has been rapidly increasing. Most importantly, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 often exhibit comorbid symptoms in the gastrointestinal and neurological systems. This review aims to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 may affect the nervous system by invading the gastrointestinal system. We hope that this review can provide novel ideas for the clinical treatment of the neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and references for developing prevention and treatment strategies.

The spectrum of generalised anxiety in clinical practice: the role of short-term, intermittent treatment∗

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (S34) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rickels ◽  
E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Family Practice ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermittent Therapy ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Intermittent Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background DSM–IV generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) has a high lifetime prevalence, but subthreshold anxiety states are even more common, particularly in family practice.Method Generalised anxiety is conceptualised as a spectrum of disorders, with transient anxiety at one end and GAD at the other.Results Based on longterm experience with family practice patients, the authors suggest that most anxious patients, wherever on this continuum they are placed, could be treated with short-term, possibly intermittent, rather than chronic anxiolytic therapy. Data are presented which show that 50% of chronic GAD patients are only in need of such short-term intermittent therapy.Conclusions Further clinical research is needed to refine short-term, intermittent treatments for anxiety spectrum disorders, to make effective treatments available to those suffering from anxiety but falling short of diagnostic criteria for GAD, and to target more effectively the different treatment strategies.

Sleep and wake disorders in shift workers. Part II: Prevention and treatment strategies

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
J. De Roeck ◽  
R. Cluydts ◽  
B. Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Good Sleep

SummaryThe present review deals with preventive and treatment strategies for sleep and wake disorders, and the other problems of shift workers. Management must take into account the direction, speed and other parameters of the rotation schedule. Good sleep-wake hygiene may alleviate the problems. Further, additional napping may compensate – at least partially – for sleep deprivation and fatigue. Hypnotics must be avoided as much as possible. Finally, new techniques for manipulation of circadian rhythms are discussed: light, melatonin and benzodiazepines.

scholarly journals Fistula Management in Head and Neck Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Anthony Sanchez ◽  
Ethan Frank ◽  
Jared Inman ◽  
Weitao Wang ◽  
Arya Namin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Preventative Measure ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

AbstractFistulas in head and neck cancer patients are a common and challenging issue. Despite their commonality, there is little consensus regarding optimal treatment strategies or in preventative measures that might be taken preoperatively. A general knowledge and understanding of what factors correlate with fistula formation can assist a surgeon in optimizing a patient for surgery, thus decreasing prevalence. In addition, surgical techniques can aid in both the prevention and treatment of fistulas once they form. This review details risk factors for fistula formation, the use of vascularized tissue as a preventative measure, conservative and nonconservative treatment of fistulas, and possible strategies to decrease the likelihood of their formation.

scholarly journals The Microbiome and Radiation Induced-Bowel Injury: Evidence for Potential Mechanistic Role in Disease Pathogenesis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Kumagai ◽  
Farooq Rahman ◽  
Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bowel Injury ◽  
Pelvic Malignancy ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Radiotherapy has played a major role in both the curative and palliative treatment of cancer patients for decades. However, its toxic effect to the surrounding normal healthy tissue remains a major drawback. In cases of intra-abdominal and/or pelvic malignancy, healthy bowel is inevitably included in the radiation field, causing undesirable consequences that subsequently manifest as radiation-induced bowel injury, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of radiation-induced bowel injury is poorly understood, although we now know that it derives from a complex interplay of epithelial injury and alterations in the enteric immune, nervous, and vascular systems in genetically predisposed individuals. Furthermore, evidence supporting a pivotal role for the gut microbiota in the development of radiation-induced bowel injury has been growing. In this review, we aim to appraise our current understanding of radiation-induced bowel injury and the role of the microbiome in its pathogenesis as well as prevention and treatment. Greater understanding of the relationship between the disease mechanism of radiation-induced bowel injury and gut microbiome might shed light on potential future prevention and treatment strategies through the modification of a patient’s gut microbiome.

scholarly journals The role of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in the infection of influenza A virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 1043-1051
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Wyżewski ◽  
Karolina P. Gregorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Antiapoptotic Activity ◽  
Apoptosis Regulation ◽  
Antiviral Role

Bcl-2 family consists proteins responsible for apoptosis regulation. Influence of those factors on the cell viability is essential in the context of viral infections. Antiapoptotic activity of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w may favor effective replication IAV by keeping infected cell alive. On the other hand, Bcl-2 plays antiviral role at the late stage of IAV infection. Limiting the transport of newly synthesized vRNP from the cell nucleus to cytosol, Bcl-2 prevents effective montage of the progeny virions. Moreover Bcl-2 is responsible for modification of the IAV HA phosphorylation and consequently for decrease in virus adhesive abilities. Preclinical studies suggest that treatment strategies reducing activity or the intracellular level of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and/or Bcl-w, should be projected. Antiapoptotic members of Bcl-2 family are described as potential targets of anti-IAV therapies that use substances such as IL-24, obatoclax, ABT-199, ABT-263 and ABT-737. On the other hand, the therapy elevating activity or intraneuronal level of Bcl-2 should be considered in the context of nervous system infections.

Probiotics and Nutraceuticals

Depression ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 372-389
Author(s):  
Brittany L. Mason ◽  
Andrew H. Czysz
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Groups

The field of nutritional psychiatry seeks to expand our understanding of how diet and nutrition influences the risk for psychiatric disorders, including depression. Improved knowledge about these relationships will provide new insights to guide the prevention and treatment of depression. A number of different methodologies trying to quantify how diet, nutrition, and dietary elements may affect mood and the risk for developing depression are detailed in this chapter, including naturalistic studies of diet, specific analysis of dietary elements, and clinical trials using dietary elements as treatments. Dietary elements that are commonly taken used as supplements but are suggested to function in some ways like medication are referred to as nutraceuticals. Those with reasonable support for their use in depression are detailed here, including omega-3 fatty acids. Continued examination of the role of the gut microbiota provides new avenues for treatment development and a deeper understanding of the physiology that underlies depression. Importantly, the gut microbiota is responsive to diet, taking what we eat and turning it into other products, and these byproducts are thought to have an important role in mood regulation. Thus, cultivation or supplementation of important bacterial groups by dietary modulation or probiotics may be new tools for improving depressive symptoms. This chapter will provide a broad perspective on the knowledge of how nutrition influences depression and some emerging probiotic and nutraceutical treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Causal inference in cancer epidemiology: what is the role of Mendelian randomization?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Yarmolinsky ◽  
Kaitlin H Wade ◽  
Rebecca C Richmond ◽  
Ryan J Langdon ◽  
Caroline J Bull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Reverse Causation ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

AbstractObservational epidemiological studies are prone to confounding, measurement error, and reverse causation, undermining their ability to generate reliable causal estimates of the effect of risk factors to inform cancer prevention and treatment strategies. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an analytical approach that uses genetic variants to proxy potentially modifiable exposures (e.g. environmental factors, biological traits, and druggable pathways) to permit robust causal inference of the effects of these exposures on diseases and their outcomes. MR has seen widespread adoption within population health research in cardio-metabolic disease, but also holds much promise for identifying possible interventions (e.g., dietary, behavioural, or pharmacological) for cancer prevention and treatment. However, some methodological and conceptual challenges in the implementation of MR are particularly pertinent when applying this method to cancer aetiology and prognosis, including reverse causation arising from disease latency and selection bias in studies of cancer progression. These issues must be carefully considered to ensure appropriate design, analysis, and interpretation of such studies.In this review, we provide an overview of the key principles and assumptions of MR focusing on applications of this method to the study of cancer aetiology and prognosis. We summarize recent studies in the cancer literature that have adopted a MR framework to highlight strengths of this approach compared to conventional epidemiological studies. Lastly, limitations of MR and recent methodological developments to address them are discussed, along with the translational opportunities they present to inform public health and clinical interventions in cancer.

scholarly journals MPS1 is involved in the HPV16-E7-mediated centrosomes amplification

Cell Division ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Alfaro-Mora ◽  
Guadalupe Domínguez-Gómez ◽  
Rodrigo E. Cáceres-Gutiérrez ◽  
Laura Tolentino-García ◽  
Luis A. Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Protein Stabilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Transcriptional Target

Abstract Background It has been reported that the oncoprotein E7 from human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16-E7) can induce the excessive synthesis of centrosomes through the increase in the expression of PLK4, which is a transcriptional target of E2F1. On the other hand, it has been reported that increasing MPS1 protein stability can also generate an excessive synthesis of centrosomes. In this work, we analyzed the possible role of MPS1 in the amplification of centrosomes mediated by HPV16-E7. Results Employing qRT-PCR, Western Blot, and Immunofluorescence techniques, we found that E7 induces an increase in the MPS1 transcript and protein levels in the U2OS cell line, as well as protein stabilization. Besides, we observed that inhibiting the expression of MPS1 in E7 protein-expressing cells leads to a significant reduction in the number of centrosomes. Conclusions These results indicate that the presence of the MPS1 protein is necessary for E7 protein to increase the number of centrosomes, and possible implications are discussed.

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