scholarly journals The Microbiome and Radiation Induced-Bowel Injury: Evidence for Potential Mechanistic Role in Disease Pathogenesis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Kumagai ◽  
Farooq Rahman ◽  
Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bowel Injury ◽  
Pelvic Malignancy ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Radiotherapy has played a major role in both the curative and palliative treatment of cancer patients for decades. However, its toxic effect to the surrounding normal healthy tissue remains a major drawback. In cases of intra-abdominal and/or pelvic malignancy, healthy bowel is inevitably included in the radiation field, causing undesirable consequences that subsequently manifest as radiation-induced bowel injury, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of radiation-induced bowel injury is poorly understood, although we now know that it derives from a complex interplay of epithelial injury and alterations in the enteric immune, nervous, and vascular systems in genetically predisposed individuals. Furthermore, evidence supporting a pivotal role for the gut microbiota in the development of radiation-induced bowel injury has been growing. In this review, we aim to appraise our current understanding of radiation-induced bowel injury and the role of the microbiome in its pathogenesis as well as prevention and treatment. Greater understanding of the relationship between the disease mechanism of radiation-induced bowel injury and gut microbiome might shed light on potential future prevention and treatment strategies through the modification of a patient’s gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Role of Hypoxia-Mediated Autophagy in Tumor Cell Death and Survival

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Rania F. Zaarour ◽  
Bilal Azakir ◽  
Edries Y. Hajam ◽  
Husam Nawafleh ◽  
Nagwa A. Zeinelabdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Tumor Cell Death ◽  
Complex Regulation ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Programmed cell death or type I apoptosis has been extensively studied and its contribution to the pathogenesis of disease is well established. However, autophagy functions together with apoptosis to determine the overall fate of the cell. The cross talk between this active self-destruction process and apoptosis is quite complex and contradictory as well, but it is unquestionably decisive for cell survival or cell death. Autophagy can promote tumor suppression but also tumor growth by inducing cancer-cell development and proliferation. In this review, we will discuss how autophagy reprograms tumor cells in the context of tumor hypoxic stress. We will illustrate how autophagy acts as both a suppressor and a driver of tumorigenesis through tuning survival in a context dependent manner. We also shed light on the relationship between autophagy and immune response in this complex regulation. A better understanding of the autophagy mechanisms and pathways will undoubtedly ameliorate the design of therapeutics aimed at targeting autophagy for future cancer immunotherapies.

scholarly journals The Role of Education in Human Development in Iraq for the Period 1980-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Sabah Faihan Mahmood ◽  
Yassen Taha Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

      Human Development aims to   enlarge choices in front of people by improving the level of health, education, and income; this means that this process will upgrade both the economic and social development.In other words, human development aimes to raise the average of age and this requires the advancement of the health aspect, raise the level of knowledge and this requires the advancement of  the educational aspect of all kinds., and raise the standard of living, and this requires the advancement of the economic aspect by providing the necessary jobs and promote economic activities.      The study focus on the relationship between education and human development which has great importance as a mean to determine the impact of education on human development. The research seeks to achieve a set of objectives, including:        Review  the concept of human development and its basic elements, shed light on the reality of development in Iraq and follow the path of its development, and find out the role of education in influencing human development through the changes taking place in it and its impact on increase or decrease  human development index during the period of the research.       The research found set of   results, the most important were the important effect of the education index on the level of human development index represented by HDI.  Iraq had a good educational system in the eighties and nineties, reaching good education index value for the year (1990) which was (0.890), making the human development index in Iraq in the highest level and the value of the Human Development Index (0.759) in the first report issued by the United Nations in the year (1990). when the education index fall back there was negatively impact on the value of human development  index in Iraq Directory, so when the education index value became (0.721) , the value of the Human Development Index  was  (0.590) in the year 2011 . This means that the value of the human development index decrease in recent years, although of improvement in the level of health, and the average per capita GDP in Iraq, and this illustrates the significant role of education on the human development process.

The Associations Between Computational Thinking and Creativity: The Role of Personal Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rotem Israel-Fishelson ◽  
Arnon Hershkovitz ◽  
Andoni Eguíluz ◽  
Pablo Garaizar ◽  
Mariluz Guenaga
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Computational Creativity ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
School Students ◽  
Log Files ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Computational Thinking (CT) and creativity are considered two vital skills for the 21st century that should be incorporated into future curricula around the world. We studied the relationship between these two constructs while focusing on learners’ personal characteristics. Two types of creativity were examined: creative thinking and computational creativity. The research was conducted among 174 middle school students from Spain. Data collected using a standardized creativity test (Torrance's TTCT) were triangulated with data drawn from students' log files that documented their activity in a game-based learning environment for CT (Kodetu). We found some interesting associations between CT and the two constructs of creativity. These associations shed light on positive associations between each of the two creativity constructs and CT acquisition, as well as between the two creativity constructs themselves. Additionally, we highlight differences between boys and girls, as girls were found to be more creative on both creativity measures. Other differences associated with school affiliation, prior coding knowledge, and technology affinity are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Osteoporosis/Microbiota Linkage: The Role of miRNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo De Martinis ◽  
Lia Ginaldi ◽  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Maria Maddalena Sirufo ◽  
Giovanni Pioggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Biotechnology ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Complementary Mechanism

Hundreds of trillions of bacteria are present in the human body in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the host. A stable dynamic equilibrium exists in healthy individuals between the microbiota, host organism, and environment. Imbalances of the intestinal microbiota contribute to the determinism of various diseases. Recent research suggests that the microbiota is also involved in the regulation of the bone metabolism, and its alteration may induce osteoporosis. Due to modern molecular biotechnology, various mechanisms regulating the relationship between bone and microbiota are emerging. Understanding the role of microbiota imbalances in the development of osteoporosis is essential for the development of potential osteoporosis prevention and treatment strategies through microbiota targeting. A relevant complementary mechanism could be also constituted by the permanent relationships occurring between microbiota and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a set of small non-coding RNAs able to regulate gene expression. In this review, we recapitulate the physiological and pathological meanings of the microbiota on osteoporosis onset by governing miRNA production. An improved comprehension of the relations between microbiota and miRNAs could furnish novel markers for the identification and monitoring of osteoporosis, and this appears to be an encouraging method for antagomir-guided tactics as therapeutic agents.

THE LIVES AND ROLES OF WOMEN OF VARIOUS CLASSES IN THE IE OF LATE MEDIEVAL JAPAN

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Goto
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Women ◽  
Medieval Japan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Shed Light

In medieval Japan the household became the basic social unit among all classes. In the process, a division of roles also came about: the household head and husband represented the ie to the outside world, while the wife was in charge of its running. The wife's role was highly regarded in the medieval period, but its details have yet to be fully examined. This paper attempts to shed light on how medieval women lived by studying the role of wives and their integral place in ie management. To do this, it is also necessary to examine the relationship between the father's wife and the son's wife, in other words, the mother-in-law and the daughter-in-law. I will look at women from various classes, to the extent the documentation allows, utilizing the diaries of the court nobility, literary works and other documentary, graphic and material evidence.

scholarly journals Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction: Is There a Connection with Gut Microbiota?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Giulia Radocchia ◽  
Bruna Neroni ◽  
Massimiliano Marazzato ◽  
Elena Capuzzo ◽  
Simone Zuccari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Intestinal Pseudo Obstruction ◽  
The Relationship

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by severe impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) motility, and its symptoms are suggestive of partial or complete intestinal obstruction in the absence of any lesion restricting the intestinal lumen. Diagnosis and therapy of CIPO patients still represent a significant challenge for clinicians, despite their efforts to improve diagnostic workup and treatment strategies for this disease. The purpose of this review is to better understand what is currently known about the relationship between CIPO patients and intestinal microbiota, with a focus on the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the intestinal endocrine system (IES) in intestinal motility, underling the importance of further studies to deeply understand the causes of gut motility dysfunction in these patients.

scholarly journals As requested: brief, frank, and informal

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. C01
Author(s):  
Bruna De Marchi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Unlimited Growth ◽  
Scientific Journalism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Scientific journalism ought to pay attention not only to the “products” of science, but also to the ways in which it operates in any given historical and political   context. A critical analysis of the presently dominant rhetoric of innovation and unlimited growth is necessary to shed light on the relationship between science  and democracy. Equally profitable would be a thorough investigation of past and present controversies on the role of scientists in decision-making.

scholarly journals The role of consumer innovativeness in consumer desire to try the transactions with sharia banking

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Wahyuniati Hamid ◽  
La Ode Anto ◽  
Nasrul Nasrul
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Consumer Innovativeness ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Consumer Desire

The study attempts to shed light on factors driving people to turn to sharia banks. The study focuses on consumer innovativeness with alternative capacity and value attractiveness as antecedents. The respondents are sharia banking consumers in Makassar. The sample size follows Malhotra 2007 formula. Respondents are reached through on-line interaction and offline contact on the spot of sharia banks. It applies the PLS tool for data analysis. It conceives that alternative seeking and innovativeness have significant effects on consumer innovativeness and desire to try the transactions with sharia banking, and consumer innovativeness has a significant effect on the desire to try the transactions with sharia banks. In this way, it explores the mediating role of consumer innovativeness in the relationship between alternative capacity and desire and that between value attractiveness and desire. Thus, the study has several novelties. It brings up new constructs such as alternative capacity, value attractiveness, and desire to try the transactions with sharia banking. The results would be that consumer innovativeness serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between alternative capacity and the desire, and a full mediator in that between value attractiveness and the desire.

scholarly journals Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of the Gut Microbiome and Lithocholic Acid on Liver Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwei Shao ◽  
Tiantian Ge ◽  
Senzhong Chen ◽  
Zhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Lithocholic acid are essential signaling molecules that mediate the relationship between the gut microbiome and liver function by regulating inflammation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of lithocholic acid in liver fibrosis. Methods: A liver fibrosis mouse model was induced by carbon tetrachloride followed by gavage of lithocholic acid, and the effects of lithocholic acid were evaluated by serum biochemical analysis and liver histology. Plasma cytokine levels and the number of immune cells were determined by cytometric bead array and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Lithocholic acid treatment increased the recruitment of NK cells and reduced the activation of NKT cells, and reduced M1 macrophages differentiation and increased M2 macrophages differentiation. Furthermore, the lithocholic acid prevented inflammatory liver disease by reducing TNF-α and IL-22 secretion. However, the effect of lithocholic acid disappeared when the host gut microbiome was treated with antibiotics. Conclusions: It showed that the activation of lithocholic acid-mediated signaling was linked to the inhibition of inflammation and improvement of liver fibrosis. The role of lithocholic acid in liver fibrosis is mediated by the gut microbiome. The association between the gut microbiome, lithocholic acid, and liver function can serve as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document