scholarly journals Sustainable Growth and Synchronization in Protocell Models

Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Serra ◽  
Marco Villani
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Quadratic Growth ◽  
Polymer Model ◽  
Binary Polymer ◽  
Theoretical Analyses ◽  
Transmembrane Diffusion

The growth of a population of protocells requires that the two key processes of replication of the protogenetic material and reproduction of the whole protocell take place at the same rate. While in many ODE-based models such synchronization spontaneously develops, this does not happen in the important case of quadratic growth terms. Here we show that spontaneous synchronization can be recovered (i) by requiring that the transmembrane diffusion of precursors takes place at a finite rate, or (ii) by introducing a finite lifetime of the molecular complexes. We then consider reaction networks that grow by the addition of newly synthesized chemicals in a binary polymer model, and analyze their behaviors in growing and dividing protocells, thereby confirming the importance of (i) and (ii) for synchronization. We describe some interesting phenomena (like long-term oscillations of duplication times) and show that the presence of food-generated autocatalytic cycles is not sufficient to guarantee synchronization: in the case of cycles with a complex structure, it is often observed that only some subcycles survive and synchronize, while others die out. This shows the importance of truly dynamic models that can uncover effects that cannot be detected by static graph theoretical analyses.

scholarly journals The Pice Effects of Competition from Parallel Imports and Therapeutic Alternatives: Using Dynamic Models to Estimate the Causal Effect on the Extensive and Intensive Margins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Granlund
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Parallel Imports ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

AbstractThis paper studies responses to competition with the use of dynamic models that distinguish between short- and long-term price effects. The dynamic models also allow lagged numbers of competitors to become valid and strong instruments for the current numbers, which enables studying the causal effects using flexible specifications. A first parallel trader is found to decrease prices of exchangeable products by 7% in the long term. On the other hand, prices do not respond to the first competitor that sells therapeutic alternatives; but competition from four or more competitors that sell on-patent therapeutic alternatives decreases prices by about 10% in the long term.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development in EU Countries in the Framework of the Europe 2020 Strategy

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Elena Širá ◽  
Rastislav Kotulič ◽  
Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová ◽  
Monika Daňová
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
The Baltic

The Europe 2020 Strategy was proposed with a long-term vision to ensure prosperity, development, and competitiveness for the member countries. This strategy is divided into three main areas named “growth”. One of these is sustainable growth. This is an area of sustainability, where the partial targets are referred to as the “20-20-20 approach”, and includes a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, an increase in energy efficiency, and the sharing of renewable energy sources. However, questions arise, including: How do member states meet these targets? Which countries are leaders in this area? According to these stated questions, the aim of this article is to assess how EU countries are meeting the set targets for sustainable growth resulting from the Europe 2020 strategy and to identify the countries with the best results in this area. We looked for answers to these questions in the analysis of sustainable indicators, which were transformed into a synthetic measure for comparability of the resulting values. Finally, we identified the Baltic states, Nordic countries (European Union members), Romania, and Croatia as the best countries in fulfilling the sustainable growth aims. As sustainable development and resource efficiency are crucial areas for the future, it is important to consider these issues.

Mathematical modeling of fluid movement inside the eyeball during intravitreal injection

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
D.V. Lipatov ◽  
◽  
S.A. Skladchikov ◽  
N.P. Savenkova ◽  
V.V. Novoderezkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
The World

Background. The avalanche-like growth of intravitreal injections in the world has significantly increased interest in the hemodynamics of the processes that occur in the eye when a drug is injected into the vitreous cavity. Every year, the number of intravitreally used drugs and promising areas in which they can be used is growing. This also applies to the creation of new combined medicines and the development of drugs with a long-term therapeutic effect. Aims. Create mathematical model of eyeball to evaluate the movement of the drug substance in it; to estimate the time of the drug's presence in the eye cavity before its complete removal, to characterize the ways of its removal from the eye cavity; to assess the significance of posterior vitreous detachment during the time when the drug is present in the eye cavity; to evaluate the effect on the hydrodynamics of the depth of drug administration. Results. When the drug is administered closer to the center of the eyeball, its residence time increases in comparison with the parietal administration. With a complete posterior detachment of the vitreous body, the time of finding the drug in the eye is prolonged compared to its absence. The obtained results of mathematical modeling of the movement of the drug administered intravitreally cannot be mechanically transferred to the human eye, due to the more complex structure of the latter. Key words: intravitreal injections, vitreous body, mathematic computing.

Long-term investigation of a deep-seated creeping landslide in crystalline rock. Part I. Geological and hydromechanical factors controlling the Campo Vallemaggia landslide

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1157-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bonzanigo ◽  
E. Eberhardt ◽  
S. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Artesian Water ◽  
Creep Deformations

Slope movements of the deep-seated Campo Vallemaggia landslide in the southern Swiss Alps have been reported for over 200 years. Surface and borehole investigations of the unstable mass reveal an up to 300 m deep complex structure incorporating 800 million cubic metres of disturbed metamorphic rocks divided into blocks along primary fault zones. An average slide velocity of approximately 5 cm/year can be calculated from various monitoring data recorded between 1892 and 1995. Block movements primarily involve mechanisms relating to multiple shear surfaces, but in cases where slide blocks are constrained by other blocks, creep deformations are observed. Borehole investigations revealed the presence of artesian water pressures, which when integrated with inclinometer and surface geodetic data, helped to provide key insights into the underlying instability mechanisms. This paper reports the findings of an extensive mapping, geophysical, and monitoring investigation carried out over a 20 year period. Results from the analysis are presented with respect to the hydromechanical factors controlling the unstable mass, the significance of which were instrumental in resolving conflicts with regards to the slope mitigation measures required to stabilize the slope. In Part II (see companion paper, this issue), the stabilization works performed at Campo Vallemaggia and their effectiveness are presented.

Deconstructing the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: What We Know and Do Not Know About Function, Material Properties, and Injury Mechanics

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. McLean ◽  
Kaitlyn F. Mallett ◽  
Ellen M. Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common and potentially catastrophic knee joint injury, afflicting a large number of males and particularly females annually. Apart from the obvious acute injury events, it also presents with significant long-term morbidities, in which osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent and debilitative outcome. With these facts in mind, a vast amount of research has been undertaken over the past five decades geared toward characterizing the structural and mechanical behaviors of the native ACL tissue under various external load applications. While these efforts have afforded important insights, both in terms of understanding treating and rehabilitating ACL injuries; injury rates, their well-established sex-based disparity, and long-term sequelae have endured. In reviewing the expanse of literature conducted to date in this area, this paper identifies important knowledge gaps that contribute directly to this long-standing clinical dilemma. In particular, the following limitations remain. First, minimal data exist that accurately describe native ACL mechanics under the extreme loading rates synonymous with actual injury. Second, current ACL mechanical data are typically derived from isolated and oversimplified strain estimates that fail to adequately capture the true 3D mechanical response of this anatomically complex structure. Third, graft tissues commonly chosen to reconstruct the ruptured ACL are mechanically suboptimal, being overdesigned for stiffness compared to the native tissue. The net result is an increased risk of rerupture and a modified and potentially hazardous habitual joint contact profile. These major limitations appear to warrant explicit research attention moving forward in order to successfully maintain/restore optimal knee joint function and long-term life quality in a large number of otherwise healthy individuals.

scholarly journals On the Statistical Reflection of Long-Term Growth in Agricultural Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
D. S. Ternovsky ◽  
V. Ya. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Chain Indices ◽  
Statistical Reflection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Prices

The article presents the results of a study aimed at proving the existence of systematic error in traditional calculations of long-term growth rates of agricultural production based on chain indices of agricultural production. According to the authors, the article also introduces a more accurate assessment of its dynamics with the account to the structure of the relationship between prices and the volume of agricultural production. The paper describes a theoretical model that is a methodological basis for the study and explains the discrepancy in assessing the dynamics of agricultural production using chain indices and indexes at constant prices. It allows establishing differences in the ratios of the Laspeyres, Paasche, and Lowe indices for crop and livestock production, due to factors in the formation of demand and the complex structure of the relationship between the price level and the volume of production. The adequacy of the constructed theoretical model is proved based on aggregated data that eliminated the influence of incompleteness of the initial information. As a result, it was established that livestock production is characterized by time-distributed changes in prices and quantity of products, which makes it possible to assess its dynamics using both chain indices and symmetric indices. It is proved that the dynamics of crop production cannot be adequately described using chain indices, since a positive correlation of prices of the previous period and production volumes of the current period causes an overstatement of the index in comparable prices of the previous year. Based on calculations within the proposed aggregated model, it is proved that the use of constant prices as the Lowe index weights, updated every five years, is an acceptable approximation of the Fisher symmetric index. Application of the indicated methodology for calculating the index to the data on Russian agricultural production by main types of products in 1990-2018 allowed to establish an overstatement of dynamics by 11.9%. The main difference falls on crop production (+ 19.6%), while for livestock - the differences are insignificant (-0.7%).

scholarly journals Sustainable Equilibrium Index (SEI): A Measure to Analyze the Systemic Dependences in Territorial Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Jonatan Paton ◽  
Jaime Del Castillo ◽  
Belen Barroeta
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Regional Gap ◽  
Sustainable Equilibrium ◽  
Do So

<p><em>Regional prosperity not only depends on economic issues but also in social and environmental aspects. Achieving a sustainable growth path in the long term implies “coherence” in the advancement of these three dimensions (avoiding potential imbalances threatening that path). Here the notion of “sustainable” competitiveness arises. In this context, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate, through a quantitative methodology, that the coherence of economic, social and environmental dimensions is in fact at the core of regional prosperity and regional gap. To do so, the paper analyses the systemic interdependencies between these three fields using a quantitative methodological approach: the Sustainable Equilibrium Index (SEI). The results include the overall estimates for the SEI in each Spanish region as well as a detailed decomposition of the index by economic, social and environmental fields. Finally, recommendations are made to consider SEI as a metric for the upcoming RIS3 strategies.</em></p>

scholarly journals AN INTEGRATED BIM-GIS PLATFORM FOR REPRESENTING AND VISUALIZING 3D CADASTRAL DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol VI-4/W1-2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
D. E. Andrianesi ◽  
E. Dimopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Land Administration Systems

Abstract. The rapid urbanization over the last decades is leading to intensive land exploitation, and thus to the degradation of the city environment and the surrounding areas. This reality that applies at a global level, challenges new needs for sustainable growth and new ways to protect and ensure land property. It is of great importance, for the viable growth of every organized social structure, to protect land ownership and land-use in an appropriate way. Therefore arises the need for continuous and valid update of the complex Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRRs) within a developing 3D urban environment. For this environment, the interest focuses on ensuring land properties by improved methods of 3D information management, within modern land administration systems. The integration of Building Information Models (BIMs) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is expected to produce various advantages and play an important role in constructing 3D city models that successfully deal with every challenge in the urban landscape. GIS, in one hand, can manage and provide information about the existing environment, while on the other hand, BIMs focus on information regarding the design, construction and maintenance of a building /or complex structure inside that environment. This paper discusses the development of an integrated GIS and BIM 3D data platform enriched with 3D cadastral information This is illustrated with two use cases, a city block (No 464) in the area of Chalandri, Athens, and a four-floor building (at Kithaironos 21 street, in the same buildings’ block), used for applying BIM technology.

scholarly journals The link between urbanization and air pollution in Turkey: Evidence from dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Aslan ◽  
BUKET ALTINOZ ◽  
BAKİ OZSOLAK
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Positive Shock ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between urbanization and air pollution in Turkey. Dynamic ARDL method was used for the period 1960–2014. According to the findings, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between long-term urbanization and Co2. If urbanization increased by 1%, carbon emissions increased by 0.02%. There is a similar relationship between the shocks that will occur in population growth and Co2 emission in the long term. However, there is a negative and statistically insignificant relationship between the two variables. In the relationship between GDP and Co2, there is a positive relationship in the long term. GDP increase of 1% increases Co2 emissions by 0.11%. There is a similar relationship between long-term GDP shocks and Co2 emissions. According to short-term analysis results, energy consumption increases Co2 emissions by the same rate as GDP. However, the astonishing result of the study emerges here. Empirical results show that a long-term positive shock in energy consumption reduces CO2 emissions and a negative shock increases pollution. According to these results, Turkey has not reached the point of sustainable growth. For this reason, this developing country needs to make regulatory implementations and determine future policies for these impacts affecting air pollution.

scholarly journals Modelling of Processes of Decomposition of Organic Compounds of Municipal Solid Wastes in Cross Electromechanical Fields

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
R.Sh. Abdinov ◽  
S.S. Nurkeev ◽  
R. Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Branched Chain

At the present time, one of the most common methods of disposing the municipal solid wastes (MSW) is burial in sanitary landfills, where take place, long-term complex of physico-chemical and biochemical processes of decomposition. It was developed modeling of the natural process of decomposition of the solid Municipal wastes in cross electromechanical fields. The synthesized pellets was studied by IR spectroscopy. Residual hydrocarbons has a complex structure, represented by δ-lactones, cyclopentanone. The results of treatment of husk show there were the characteristic frequencies related to the OH group, indicating that the synthesis of dimers of branched chain alcohols (glycerides). Analysis of model shows that hydrocarbon product formed by the method of matching the external effects of the internal response of the reacting carbon-water composition.

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