scholarly journals Improvement of White Spruce Wood Dimensional Stability by Organosilanes Sol-Gel Impregnation and Heat Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Schorr ◽  
Pierre Blanchet
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Water Vapor Sorption ◽  
Green Wood ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Gel Treatment

Wood is a living material with a dimensional stability problem. White spruce wood is a Canadian non-permeable wood that is used for siding applications. To improve this property, white spruce wood was treated with organosilanes sol-gel treatment with different moisture content (oven dried, air dried, and green wood). No major morphological changes were observed after treatment. However, organosilanes were impregnated into the cell wall without densifying the wood and without modifying the wood structure. Si-O-C chemical bonds between organosilanes and wood and Si-O-Si bonds were confirmed by FTIR and NMR, showing the condensation of organosilanes. The green wood (41% moisture content) showed only 26% dimensional stability due to the presence of too much water for organosilanes treatment. With a moisture content of 14%–18% (oven dried or air dried wood), the treatment was adapted to obtain the best improvement in dimensional stability of 35% and a 25% reduction of water vapor sorption. Finally, impregnation with organosilanes combined with the appropriate heat treatment improved the dimensional stability of white spruce wood by up to 35%. This treated Canadian wood could be an interesting option to validate for siding application in Canada.

scholarly journals Pine wood modification by heat treatment in air

BioResources ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
Bruno M. Esteves ◽  
Idalina J. Domingos ◽  
Helena M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Tangential Directions ◽  
Steam Heat ◽  
Made In

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) wood has low dimensional stability and durability. Heat treatment was made in an oven using hot air during 2 to 24 h and at 170-200 ºC. A comparison was made against steam heat treatment. The equilibrium moisture content and the dimensional stability (ASE) in radial and tangential directions were evaluated at 35%, 65%, and 85% relative humidity. MOE, bending strength and wettability were also determined. At the same mass loss, improvements of equilibrium moisture content and dimensional stability were higher for oven heat treatment, but the same was true for mechanical strength degradation. A 50% decrease in hemicellulose content led to a similar decrease in bending strength.

Formation of convex shaped poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) micropatterns on indium tin oxide substrates with hydrophobic-hydrophilic patterns using the electrophoretic sol-gel deposition method

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Takahashi ◽  
Kiyoharu Tadanaga ◽  
Atsunori Matsuda ◽  
Akitoshi Hayashi ◽  
Masahiro Tatsumisago
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Oxide Substrates ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Patterning Technique ◽  
Hydrophilic Region

Hydrophobic-hydrophilic patterns were formed on indium tin oxide substrates, and thick films of poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) (PhSiO3/2) particles, prepared by the sol-gel process, were selectively deposited onto hydrophilic areas of the substrates by electrophoresis. The films composed of PhSiO3/2 particles became transparent with morphological changes from aggregates of particles to a continuous phase after a heat treatment. After heat treatment at 200 °C, convex-shaped PhSiO3/2 micropatterns were formed on the hydrophilic region of the pattern. Moreover, the height of micropatterns was controlled by the deposition time. This patterning technique has a wide variety of applications such as fabrication of micro-optical components.

scholarly journals Effects of Heat Treatment on the Color Change and Dimensional Stability ofGmelina arboreaandMelia azedarachWoods

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
Fauzi Febrianto ◽  
Byantara Darsan Purusatama ◽  
Nam Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Color Properties

This study aimed to improve the color properties and dimensional stability of gmelina (Gmelina arborea) and mindi (Melia azedarach) woods via heat treatment. Heat treatment was conducted using an electric furnace at 180°C and 210°C for 3 h, with a heating rate of 2°C/min. Wood samples were stacked with and without metal clamp. The effectsof temperature and clamping during heat treatment on the color change and dimensional stability were evaluated. The evaluation of color change was performed using the CIE-Lab color system and the evaluation of dimensional stability was conducted by measuring the equilibrium moisture content and water absorption. The results showed that the overall color changes(ΔE*) in gmelina and mindi woods were mainly affected by the reduction in lightness (L*) due to heat treatment. TheΔE*increased with increasing treatment temperature, with a higher degree obtained in gmelina wood. Application of metal clamp during treatment limited the exposure of wood surface to the heated air, resulting in lower value ofΔE*than the samples without metal clamp. Dimensional stability of gmelina and mindiwoods improved by heat treatment, showing lower equilibrium moisture content and water absorption than the untreated woods. Furthermore, heat treated mindi absorbed less water than gmelina. The results suggested that heat treatment could enhance the color properties and dimensional stability of gmelina and mindi woods for value added products.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Flax Textiles Coated by Sol-Gel Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vihodceva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gel Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present research reports on flax textile modification by the use of sol-gel technology with the purpose to determine their antibacterial properties. The evaluation of antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was carried out by the Parallel streak method in accordance with the ATCC147 standard. The morphological changes on the flax textile surface before and after coating were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It has been concluded that the sol-gel treatment can impart antibacterial properties to flax textiles against all tested bacteria preventing the bacteria growth.

Effect of MCl (M = Na, K) addition on microstructure and electrical conductivity of forsterite

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 10901
Author(s):  
Saloua El Asri ◽  
Hamid Ahamdane ◽  
Lahoucine Hajji ◽  
Mohamed El Hadri ◽  
Moulay Ahmed El Idrissi Raghni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Cation Type ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Forsterite single phase powder Mg2SiO4 was synthesized by sol–gel method alongside with heat treatment, using two different cation alkaline salts MCl as mineralizers (M = Na, K) with various mass percentages (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.%). In this work, we report on the effect of the cation type and the added amount of used mineralizer on microstructure and electrical conductivity of Mg2SiO4. The formation of forsterite started at 680–740  °C and at 630–700  °C with KCl and NaCl respectively, as shown by TG-DTA and confirmed by XRD. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectra indicated bands corresponding to vibrations of forsterite structure. The morphology and elemental composition of sintered ceramics were examined by SEM-EDX analyses, while their densities, which were measured by Archimedes method, increased with addition of both alkaline salts. The electrical measurements were performed by Complex Impedance Spectroscopy. The results showed that electrical conductivity increased with the addition of both mineralizers, which was higher for samples prepared with NaCl than those prepared with KCl.

A thermal modification technique combining bulk densification and heat treatment for poplar wood with low moisture content

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 123395
Author(s):  
Xianju Wang ◽  
Dengyun Tu ◽  
Chuanfu Chen ◽  
Qiaofang Zhou ◽  
Huixian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Modification Technique

Effect of the Heat Treatment on the Dimensional Stability of Si Electrodes with PVDF Binder

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Sik Hwang ◽  
Myungbeom Sohn ◽  
Hyeong-Il Park ◽  
Jae-Man Choi ◽  
Chang Gi Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dimensional Stability

LiNiO2 Thin Films Fabricated by Diffusion of Li on Ni Tapes

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 505-508
Author(s):  
Cheol Jin Kim ◽  
In Sup Ahn ◽  
Kwon Koo Cho ◽  
Sung Gap Lee ◽  
Jun Ki Chung
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Tube Furnace ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing

LiNiO2 thin films for the application of cathode of the rechargeable battery were fabricated by Li ion diffusion on the surface oxidized NiO layer. Bi-axially textured Ni-tapes with 50 ~ 80 μm thickness were fabricated using cold rolling and annealing of Ni-rod prepared by cold isostatic pressing of Ni powder. Surface oxidation of Ni-tapes were conducted using tube furnace or line-focused infrared heater at 700 °C for 150 sec in flowing oxygen atmosphere, resulted in NiO layer with thickness of 400 and 800 μm, respectively. After Li was deposited on the NiO layer by thermal evaporation, LiNiO2 was formed by Li diffusion through the NiO layer during subsequent heat treatment using IR heater with various heat treatment conditions. IR-heating resulted in the smoother surface and finer grain size of NiO and LiNiO2 layer compared to the tube-furnace heating. The average grain size of LiNiO2 layer was 0.5~1 μm, which is much smaller than that of sol-gel processed LiNiO2. The reacted LiNiO2 region showed homogeneous composition throughout the thickness and did not show any noticeable defects frequently found in the solid state reacted LiNiO2, but crack and delamination between the reacted LiNiO2 and Ni occurred as the reaction time increased above 4hrs.

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