In Vitro Study on Bone Heating during Drilling of the Implant Site: Material, Design and Wear of the Surgical Drill

Objective: An in vitro study was made to compare mean thermal variation according to the material, design and wear of the surgical drills used during dental implant site preparation. Material and methods: Three study groups (stainless steel drills with straight blades; diamond-like carbon-coated drills with straight blades; and diamond-like carbon-coated drills with twisted blades) were tested to compare material, design and wear of the surgical drill in terms of overall mean values (complete sequence of drills) and specific mean values (each drill separately). The groups comprised four drills: initial, pilot, progressive and final drill. Implant site configuration was performed through an intermittent and gradual drilling technique without irrigation at 800 rpm in standardized synthetic blocks. Maximum axial loading of two kilograms was controlled by an automatic press. Each surgical drill was submitted to 50 drillings and was sterilized every five uses. A thermographic camera analyzed the mean thermal changes. The software-controlled automatic press kept systematic drilling, axial loading and operational speed constant without any human intervention. Student’s t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were performed. The level of significance was 5% (p = 0.05). Results: The overall mean comparison between the stainless steel and diamond-like carbon-coated materials showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05), though specific mean comparison showed statistically significant differences between the drills of the different groups (p < 0.05). The twisted blades exhibited less overall and specific mean thermal variation than straight blades for the progressive and final drills (p < 0.01). In addition, the initial and pilot drills showed a greater mean thermal change than the progressive and final drills. The mean thermal variation was seen to increase during the 50 drillings. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the drill material did not significantly influence the overall mean thermal variation except for the pilot drill. The drill design affected overall and specific mean thermal variation since the twisted blades heated less than the straight blades. The initial and pilot drills increased the specific mean thermal variation with respect to the progressive and final drills. In addition, all drills in each group produced a gradual increase in mean temperature during the 50 drillings.

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Evaluation of marginal fit of two allceramic copings with two finish lines

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1698946 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 06 (02) ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gulce Subasi ◽

Nilgun Ozturk ◽

Inan Ozgur ◽

Nalan Bozogullari

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Finish Line ◽

Marginal Fit ◽

Luting Agent ◽

All Ceramic ◽

The Mean ◽

Line Design

ABSTRACTObjectives: This in-vitro study investigated the marginal fit of two all-ceramic copings with 2 finish line designsMethods: Forty machined stainless steel molar die models with two different margin designs (chamfer and rounded shoulder) were prepared. A total of 40 standardized copings were fabricated and divided into 4 groups (n=10 for each finish line-coping material). Coping materials tested were IPS e.max Press and Zirkonzahn; luting agent was Variolink II. Marginal fit was evaluated after cementation with a stereomicroscope (Leica MZ16). Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey-HSD test were performed to assess the influence of each finish line design and ceramic type on the marginal fit of 2 all-ceramic copings (α =.05) Results: Two-way analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant differences for marginal fit relative to finish lines (P=.362) and ceramic types (P=.065)Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, both types of all-ceramic copings demonstrated that the mean marginal fit was considered acceptable for clinical application (≤120 μm). (Eur J Dent 2012;6:163-168)

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Self-disinfecting Alginate vs Conventional Alginate: Effect on Surface Hardness of Gypsum Cast—An in vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2176 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 1061-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ajay Nagpal ◽

Ranjith Madhavan ◽

Navia George ◽

Niharika R Thummala ◽

SV Ravi

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Infection Control ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Hardness Testing ◽

Testing Data ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction For the construction of any dental prosthesis, accurate impressions are necessary. Hence, we undertook the present study to evaluate and compare the surface hardness of gypsum casts poured from impressions made using conventional alginate and self-disinfecting alginate. Materials and methods A total of 30 impressions of stainless steel die were made, out of which 15 impressions were made with conventional alginate and 15 were made with selfdisinfecting alginate and poured using Type III dental stone. Thirty stone specimens were subjected for hardness testing. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test to compare the mean surface hardness. Results Difference in surface hardness was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusion Surface hardness of gypsum casts poured using impressions made from self-disinfecting alginate and conventional alginates were comparable. Clinical significance Self-disinfecting alginates may be employed in clinical practice as safe and effective materials to overcome the infection control issues without compromising on the properties of the material. How to cite this article Madhavan R, George N, Thummala NR, Ravi SV, Nagpal A. Self-disinfecting Alginate vs Conventional Alginate: Effect on Surface Hardness of Gypsum Cast—An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1061-1064.

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Comparative in vitro study of the cleaning efficacy of AirFloss ultra and I-Prox Sulcus brushes in an orthodontic phantom model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81603-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Boes ◽

Sören Brüstle ◽

Gholamreza Danesh ◽

Stefan Zimmer ◽

Mozhgan Bizhang

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Phantom Model ◽

Before And After ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Cleaning Efficacy

AbstractPreventing biofilm-related risks such as gingivitis and white spot lesions during orthodontic treatments is very challenging. The cleaning efficiencies of AirFloss Ultra and I-Prox P sulcus brushes were evaluated using an orthodontic phantom model. After attaching brackets onto black-coated maxillary KaVo teeth, a plaque substitute was applied. The evaluated tooth surfaces were divided into two areas. Cleaning was performed with an AirFloss Ultra with two (A-2) or four (A-4) sprays or an I-Prox P for two (I-2) or four (I-4) seconds. Images before and after cleaning were digitally subtracted, and the percentage of fully cleaned surfaces was determined (Adobe Photoshop CS5, ImageJ). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (SPSS 25, p < 0.05). The mean values of total cleaning efficacy were 26.87% for I-2, 43.73% for I-4, 34.93%, for A-2 and 56.78% for A-4. The efficacy was significantly higher for A-4 than for A-2, I-4, and I-2. There were significant differences between the four groups. Repeated cleaning led to an improved result. Within the study limitations, the AirFloss Ultra with four sprays proved to be more efficient than the sulcus brush I-Prox P for cleaning.

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A Comparative Evaluation of Static Frictional Resistance Using Various Methods of Ligation at Different Time Intervals: An In Vitro Study

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2015/407361 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amanpreet Singh Natt ◽

Amandeep Kaur Sekhon ◽

Sudhir Munjal ◽

Rohit Duggal ◽

Anup Holla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Frictional Resistance ◽

Static Friction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

The Mean ◽

Time Periods

Aim. To compare and evaluate the static frictional resistance offered by the four different types of ligation methods in both dry and wet conditions and at different durations when immersed in artificial saliva.Material and Methods. Alastik Easy to Tie modules, Super Slick Mini Stix elastomeric modules, Power “O” modules, and 0.009″Stainless Steel ligatures were used to compare the static friction using maxillary canine and premolar Preadjusted Edgewise brackets with 0.022″× 0.028″slot and 0.019″× 0.025″stainless steel wires.Results. The mean frictional resistance for Alastik modules was the lowest and that of Stainless Steel ligatures was found to be highest among the four groups compared and the difference among the four groups was statistically significant (P<0.005). The mean static frictional resistance in all groups under dry conditions was lower than that under wet conditions. No statistical significant differences were found when the groups were compared at different time periods of immersion in artificial saliva.Conclusion. This study concludes that the Alastik modules showed the lowest mean static frictional forces compared to any other ligation method, though no significant difference was found for different time periods of immersion in the artificial saliva.

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Surface Hardness of Hybrid Ionomer with Different Curing Time (In Vitro Study)

UI Proceedings on Health and Medicine ◽

10.7454/uiphm.v1i0.32 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Arfita Sipahutar ◽

Astrid Yudhit ◽

Rusfian Rusfian

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Curing Time ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Group 1

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing times (20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds).Methods: This was an experimental laboratory with posttest only group design. Twenty-four disk shape hybrid ionomer specimens with a diameter of 5 mm and 2 mm in thickness were prepared and polymerized with Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) for 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds as group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. All samples were immersed in distilled water under 37°C temperature for 24 hours as initial treatment. Surface hardness test was done using Vickers Hardness Test with load 50 gf for 20 second. The Data was analyzed with one way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05).Results: Using one way anova test (p ≤ 0.05) shows the mean and standard deviation of the group 1 is 25,900 ± 2,5659VHN; group 2 is 29,800 ± 1,1983 VHN; group 3 is 31,283 ± 0,5037 VHN; group 4 is 36, 183 ± 2,3430 VHN and the obtained value p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05).The mean values and standard deviation were 25.900 ± 2.5659 VHN; 29.800 ± 1.1983 VHN; 31.283 ±0.5037 VHN; 6.183 ± 2.3430 VHN for group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Statistic analyzed showed a significant different among groups with p value =0.000 (p < 0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing time (20, 30,40, and 50 seconds). The longer curing time will increase the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer.

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Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Fit of Three Provisional Restorative Materials in Different Mediums: An In-Vitro Study

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Manju Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Room Temperature ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Marginal Adaptation ◽

Polymerization Shrinkage ◽

Mean Values ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

Temporaries are used as placeholders before the permanent crowns are installed. If the temporary crown is not fitted properly the tooth can be subject to increased decay and gums can become inflamed causing gingivitis which leads to other more serious problems. A provisional fixed restoration will provide a template for defining tooth contour, esthetics, proximal contacts, ridge contacts and occlusion. Margins made by the indirect technique are considered to be more accurate than those made by the direct technique. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal accuracy of provisional crowns made from three different biomaterials using the established indirect method in different environments and to evaluate the effect of water absorption on polymerization shrinkage and the effect of polymerization shrinkage occurring in dry storage for a week. Method:Variables used in this study are: a) Revotek LC-light cured composite b) Protemp II c) poly methyl methacrylate. An aluminium master die was machined with dimensions: 5mm length, 10mm gingival diameter, 5 degree taper, and 1mm shoulder then dental stone die was prepared by making an impression of this experimental model using a poly vinyl siloxane material. Both group A and group B consisted of seven specimens each of DPI, ProtempII, Revotek LC. The specimens were evaluated using measuring microscope (Biolux), which had an eyepiece graticule of 1/10th of an mm. The seven specimens in group A (DPI, ProtempII, Revotek LC) were kept in air at room temperature for one week on the dental stone cast and the readings were tabulated and the mean values were obtained. The seven specimens in group B (DPI, ProtempII, and Revotek LC) were kept in water at room temperature for one week and the readings were tabulated in the same manner and the mean values were obtained. Results: Comparative statistics of the mean values of the specimens kept in air at room temperature showed that DPI had the least marginal discrepancies followed by ProtempII, Revotek LC. The values were highly significant (.002) Comparative statistics of the mean values of the specimens kept in water at room temperature showed that DPI had the least marginal discrepancies followed by Revotek LC, ProtempII. The values were highly significant (.009). Conclusion: After one week in air at room temperature and after one week in water at room temperature DPI recorded the minimal marginal discrepancy. When stored in air at room temperature, DPI had the best marginal adaptation. All of the materials showed evidence of continued polymerization shrinkage after storage in air for a week. Water absorption compensated for polymerization shrinkage in DPI and ProtempII whereas Revotek LC was an exception. Keywords: light cured composite, Protemp II-Bis –acryl composite, poly methyl methacrylate, marginal adaptation, provisional restoration.

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The effect of insertion and photopolymerization techniques on microleakage of Class V cavities: a quantitative evaluation

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242005000100006 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França ◽

Frederico Seidi Hori ◽

Alex José Souza dos Santos ◽

José Roberto Lovadino

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Root Surface ◽

Group Iv ◽

Class V ◽

Mean Values ◽

Group Iii ◽

Soft Start ◽

Light Curing ◽

The Mean

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate by spectrophotometry the influence of the incremental technique and progressive light curing in the microleakage of Class V cavities. Forty samples were prepared with class V cylindrical cavities on the buccal root surface of bovine incisive teeth and filled with composite resin (Z250). The samples were divided into four groups: I: cavity was bulk filled and the composite was light cured for 40 seconds; Group II: cavity was bulk filled and a "soft-start" polymerization was used; Group III: cavity was filled with the incremental technique in two coats and light cured for 40 seconds; Group IV: cavity was filled with the incremental technique in two coats and light cured with "soft-start" polymerization. After the restoration, the specimens were thermally stressed for 3,000 cycles in bath at 5 ± 2°C and 55 ± 2°C, protected with nail enamel, colored with 2% methylene blue and cut into sections. These sections were triturated and the dye was recovered with PA ethanol and the supernatant was evaluated. The data were submitted to ANOVA and the results showed the following averages: bulk filled and conventional photopolymerization (I) 0.06075 µg/ml; bulk filled and progressive photopolymerization (II) 0.04030 µg/ml; incremental insertion and conventional photopolymerization (III) 0.04648 µg/ml; incremental insertion and progressive photopolymerization (IV) 0.04339 µg/ml. No significant statistic differences were observed among the mean values. The Degulux "soft-start" equipment probably emits too high initial light intensity to promote progressive photopolymerization.

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Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility of Diamond-like Carbon-Coated Zinc: An In Vitro Study

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.1c00531 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Peng ◽

Yulin Lin ◽

Dongdong Zhang ◽

Qingdong Ruan ◽

Kaiwei Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Behavior ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Carbon Coated

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Toothbrush-Dentifrice Abrasion of Dental Sealants: An In Vitro Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735798 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angkhana Sangpanya ◽

Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip ◽

Vanida Nimmanon ◽

Praewpat Pachimsawat

Keyword(s):

Abrasive Wear ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Mean Values ◽

Flowable Composite ◽

Dental Sealants ◽

The Mean ◽

D Values ◽

Almost All ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract Objective This study sought to investigate the toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of dental sealants. Materials and Methods Weight loss (∆W) and depth loss (∆D) were used as abrasion indicators. Sealant samples from nine products were soaked in dentifrice slurry and abraded by using a toothbrushing machine with a brushing force of 300 g. The mean percentages of ∆W and mean values of ∆D after 24,000 and 48,000 strokes of brushing were compared by using paired t-test. A comparison of these mean values among sealant products was performed by using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Scheffe's test). Results Abrasive wear was observed in all sealants. Teethmate F-1 (Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan)—a fluoride-releasing unfilled sealant—exhibited the maximum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 1.14% ± 0.37% and 12.84 ± 4.28 µm, respectively. Delton (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States), a light-cured unfilled sealant, showed the minimum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 0.41% ± 0.09% and 2.93 ± 1.23 µm, respectively. No statistical differences were observed among unfilled sealants except when compared with Teethmate F-1. Similarly, no differences were observed when comparing among filled sealants and flowable composite. Conclusion Abrasive wear occurred in all sealants after brushing with dentifrice. Almost all unfilled sealants showed less wear compared with both filled sealants and flowable composite. However, the low abrasive values of all sealants after brushing with dentifrice implied that there is no clinical significance to this finding.

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF RETENTION AND FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH REINFORCED WITH THREE DIFFERENT POSTS SYSTEMS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/9027041 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Deebah Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Fracture Resistance ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Fracture Load ◽

Fiber Post ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Glass Fiber Post ◽

The Mean

Aim: To compare the retention and fracture resistance of three different pre-fabricated posts systems in endodontically treated anterior tooth. Materials and Methods: Root canal treatment was performed for all the 90 samples used in the study. After the completion of obturation, post space preparation was done accompanied by post cementation. The samples were divided into three groups depending on the post cemented (Stainless Steel, Glass fiber and Ceramic post). The samples were first evaluated for retention with a help of a three-jaw chuck, which grasped the post and tried to pull it out. The force required to dislodge each post was recorded in Newtons. To evaluate the fracture resistance, the samples were subjected to compressive loads at an angle. The load required was then recorded in Newtons. Results: The mean retention values for Stainless Steel post were significantly greater than those for Glass fiber post and Ceramic post. The mean retention values of glass-fiber post and ceramic post were not statistically different. The fracture load of the post system, it was revealed that highest mean value was seen in Stainless Steel post and was significant than ceramic post and glass-fiber post. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that the pre-fabricated stainless steel post exhibits a significantly higher fracture resistance and also the retention was more as compared to Glass fiber post and Ceramic post.

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