scholarly journals Configuration of Novel Experimental Fractographic Reverse Engineering Approach Based on Relationship between Spectroscopy of Ruptured Surface and Fracture Behaviour of Rubber Sample

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4445
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Datta ◽  
Radek Stoček ◽  
Evghenii Harea ◽  
Ondřej Kratina ◽  
Martin Stěnička
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Rubber Sample ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Deformation Speed ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Tearing Energy ◽  
Absorbance Peak

A novel fractographic approach based on a combination of (i) mechanical behavior of cured rubber in uniaxial tensile loading and (ii) spectroscopy of fracture on a ruptured surface was experimentally validated. This approach related the migration of paraffin oil from a matrix to the ruptured rubber surface, to the tearing energy related to the deformation speed responsible for total rubber sample rupture, and the approach itself was configured experimentally. It was evaluated on cured natural rubber (NR) for two different paraffin oil concentrations. Single edge notched tensile (SENT) samples were subjected to uniaxial tensile loadings at two different deformation speeds. First, the tearing energy as a function of deformation speed was determined for each defined oil concentration. Secondly, at specific locations on the ruptured surfaces, infrared (IR) spectroscopy was performed to quantify a characteristic absorbance peak height of migrated paraffin oil during the rupture process. The results of the IR analyses were related to the deformation speed to understand the relation between the amount of migrated paraffin oil during the fracture process and the deformation speed which brought about such a fracture. This novel approach enhanced the reverse engineering process of rubber fracture related to the cause of tearing energies during critical failure.

LASRE: A Novel Approach to Large area Accelerated Segmentation for Reverse Engineering on SEM images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Wilson ◽  
Domenic Forte ◽  
Navid Asadizanjani ◽  
Damon L. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Daunting Task

Abstract In the hardware assurance community, Reverse Engineering (RE) is considered a key tool and asset in ensuring the security and reliability of Integrated Circuits (IC). However, with the introduction of advanced node technologies, the application of RE to ICs is turning into a daunting task. This is amplified by the challenges introduced by the imaging modalities such as the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) used in acquiring images of ICs. One such challenge is the lack of understanding of the influence of noise in the imaging modality along with its detrimental effect on the quality of images and the overall time frame required for imaging the IC. In this paper, we characterize some aspects of the noise in the image along with its primary source. Furthermore, we use this understanding to propose a novel texture-based segmentation algorithm for SEM images called LASRE. The proposed approach is unsupervised, model-free, robust to the presence of noise and can be applied to all layers of the IC with consistent results. Finally, the results from a comparison study is reported, and the issues associated with the approach are discussed in detail. The approach consistently achieved over 86% accuracy in segmenting various layers in the IC.

Novel Approach in the Design of Friction Piles Resting on the Rock – Reverse Engineering

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Kishore Yadla ◽  
R. K Agrawal ◽  
H. Takieddine Oussama
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Novel Approach

scholarly journals Direct Observations of the Structural Properties of Semiconducting Polymer: Fullerene Blends under Tensile Stretching

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3092
Author(s):  
Mouaad Yassine Aliouat ◽  
Dmitriy Ksenzov ◽  
Stephanie Escoubas ◽  
Jörg Ackermann ◽  
Dominique Thiaudière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Modified Polymer ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Impact

We describe the impact of tensile strains on the structural properties of thin films composed of PffBT4T-2OD π-conjugated polymer and PC71BM fullerenes coated on a stretchable substrate, based on a novel approach using in situ studies of flexible organic thin films. In situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) measurements were carried out to probe the ordering of polymers and to measure the strain of the polymer chains under uniaxial tensile tests. A maximum 10% tensile stretching was applied (i.e., beyond the relaxation threshold). Interestingly we found different behaviors upon stretching the polymer: fullerene blends with the modified polymer; fullerene blends with the 1,8-Diiodooctane (DIO) additive. Overall, the strain in the system was almost twice as low in the presence of additive. The inclusion of additive was found to help in stabilizing the system and, in particular, the π–π packing of the donor polymer chains.

A Novel Approach to Unsupervised Automated Extraction of Standard Cell Library for Reverse Engineering and Hardware Assurance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Wilson ◽  
Rabin Y. Acharya ◽  
Domenic Forte ◽  
Navid Asadizanjani ◽  
Damon Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Contact Layer ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Standard Cell ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Standard Cell Library ◽  
Cell Library ◽  
Standard Cells ◽  
Novel Approach

Abstract Reverse engineering today is supported by several tools, such as ICWorks, that assist in the processing and extraction of logic elements from high definition layer by layer images of integrated circuits. To the best of our knowledge, they all work under the assumption that the standard cell library used in the design process of the integrated circuit is available. However, in situations where reverse engineering is done on commercial off-the-shelf components, this information is not available thereby, rendering the assumption invalid. Until now, this problem has not been addressed. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for the extraction of standard cell library using the contact layer from these images. The approach is completely automated and does not require any prior knowledge on the construction or layout of the target semiconductor integrated circuit. The performance of the approach is evaluated on two AES designs with 10,000 cells compiled from standard libraries with 32nm and 90nm node technologies having 350 and 340 standard cells respectively. We were able to successfully extract 94% and 60% of the standard cells from the 32nm and 90nm AES designs using the proposed approach. We also perform a case study using a realworld sample extracted from a smartcard. Finally, we also investigate the various challenges involved in the extraction of standard cells from images and the steps involved in resolving them.

scholarly journals Analyzing Network Protocols of Application Layer Using Hidden Semi-Markov Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Cai ◽  
Jian-Zhen Luo ◽  
Fangyuan Lei
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Internet Protocols ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Protocol Reverse Engineering ◽  
New Applications

With the rapid development of Internet, especially the mobile Internet, the new applications or network attacks emerge in a high rate in recent years. More and more traffic becomes unknown due to the lack of protocol specifications about the newly emerging applications. Automatic protocol reverse engineering is a promising solution for understanding this unknown traffic and recovering its protocol specification. One challenge of protocol reverse engineering is to determine the length of protocol keywords and message fields. Existing algorithms are designed to select the longest substrings as protocol keywords, which is an empirical way to decide the length of protocol keywords. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to determine the optimal length of protocol keywords and recover message formats of Internet protocols by maximizing the likelihood probability of message segmentation and keyword selection. A hidden semi-Markov model is presented to model the protocol message format. An affinity propagation mechanism based clustering technique is introduced to determine the message type. The proposed method is applied to identify network traffic and compare the results with existing algorithm.

A NOVEL APPROACH FOR CUSTOMIZED PROSTHETIC SOCKET DESIGN

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitresh Nayak ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
Himanshu Chaudhary ◽  
Abhishek Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Maximum Comfort

The manufacturing of limb prosthesis socket that is comfortable for the amputee depends greatly on prosthetic practitioner’s knowledge of socket biomechanics and skill. It involves multistage manual corrections depending upon the clinical condition of the patient’s residual limb which may be affected by shrinkage or possible damage of plaster of paris (PoP) mold. The current work describes a novel process simplified through digitization, it integrates conventional PoP processes, reverse engineering (RE), and additive manufacturing (AM) technologies to design and develop a socket. The stereolithography (STL) file generated from the scan data was modeled on a fused deposition modeling (FDM) based AM. Its fitment was assessed with the help of INSPECTPLUS and GEOMAGIC reverse engineering tools. This approach takes the guess work out of prosthetic practitioner’s job, ensures better fitment, and shortens the total fabrication time leading to improved patient satisfaction. The proposed method is a part of the ongoing research and it will offer maximum comfort on demand to the patients through digitization.

scholarly journals Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) Compatibilized Binary Biobased Blends: Melt Fluidity, Morphological, Thermo-Mechanical and Micromechanical Analysis

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Laura Aliotta ◽  
Alessandro Vannozzi ◽  
Ilaria Canesi ◽  
Patrizia Cinelli ◽  
Maria-Beatrice Coltelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Epoxy Oligomer ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Twin Screw

In this work poly(lactic) acid (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) biobased binary blends were investigated. PLA/PBSA mixtures with different compositions of PBSA (from 15 up to 40 wt.%) were produced by twin screw-extrusion. A first screening study was performed on these blends that were characterized from the melt fluidity, morphological and thermo-mechanical point of view. Starting from the obtained results, the effect of an epoxy oligomer (EO) (added at 2 wt.%) was further investigated. In this case a novel approach was introduced studying the micromechanical deformation processes by dilatometric uniaxial tensile tests, carried out with a videoextensometer. The characterization was then completed adopting the elasto-plastic fracture approach, by the measurement of the capability of the selected blends to absorb energy at a slow rate. The obtained results showed that EO acts as a good compatibilizer, improving the compatibility of the rubber phase into the PLA matrix. Dilatometric results showed different micromechanical responses for the 80–20 and 60–40 blends (probably linked to the different morphology). The 80–20 showed a cavitational behavior while the 60–40 a deviatoric one. It has been observed that while the addition of EO does not alter the micromechanical response of the 60–40 blend, it profoundly changes the response of the 80–20, that passed to a deviatoric behavior with the EO addition.

Valence electron spectroscopy of inhomogeneous media

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1150-1151
Author(s):  
A. Howie ◽  
D.W. McComb
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Loss Peak ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Valence Electron Density ◽  
Electron Microscopist

The bulk loss function Im(-l/ε (ω)), a well established tool for the interpretation of valence loss spectra, is being progressively adapted to the wide variety of inhomogeneous samples of interest to the electron microscopist. Proportionality between n, the local valence electron density, and ε-1 (Sellmeyer's equation) has sometimes been assumed but may not be valid even in homogeneous samples. Figs. 1 and 2 show the experimentally measured bulk loss functions for three pure silicates of different specific gravity ρ - quartz (ρ = 2.66), coesite (ρ = 2.93) and a zeolite (ρ = 1.79). Clearly, despite the substantial differences in density, the shift of the prominent loss peak is very small and far less than that predicted by scaling e for quartz with Sellmeyer's equation or even the somewhat smaller shift given by the Clausius-Mossotti (CM) relation which assumes proportionality between n (or ρ in this case) and (ε - 1)/(ε + 2). Both theories overestimate the rise in the peak height for coesite and underestimate the increase at high energies.

Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3705-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Vyas ◽  
Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽  
Kirill Kiselyov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Platinum Resistance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Copper Chelation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

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