scholarly journals Use of Steel Slag as an Alternative to Aggregate and Filler in Road Pavements

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Giulio Dondi ◽  
Francesco Mazzotta ◽  
Claudio Lantieri ◽  
Federico Cuppi ◽  
Valeria Vignali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
New Production ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Marshall Stability

Today the use of Construction and Demolition Materials (CDM) can be considered as a suitable solution for the construction or the rehabilitation of road pavements. In this context, it is central to minimizing waste production, favoring the reuse through new production cycles to replace virgin natural raw materials. As illustrated in this study, steel slag has mechanical properties that justify its use as aggregate in the manufacture of bituminous mixes. In road construction, their use is focused on the substitution of fine aggregate and filler in bituminous mixtures. Mechanical characterizations, Marshall stability and indirect tensile resilient modulus (ITSM) tests were used to evaluate the laboratory performance of the mixtures. The research aims are to provide the use of these materials for the construction of the entire road pavement structure; in this study authors used these materials both in the characterization of cementitious layers and in those with bituminous conglomerate. In both cases, the use of steel slag has favored an increase of stiffness in the mixtures.

scholarly journals Laboratory Investigation of Fatigue Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures with Steel Slag Aggregates

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ziari ◽  
Shams Nowbakht ◽  
Sajad Rezaei ◽  
Arash Mahboob
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Fatigue Characteristics ◽  
Marshall Stability

There are many steel-manufacturing factories in Iran. All of their byproducts, steel slag, are dumped randomly in open areas, causing many environmentally hazardous problems. This research is intended to study the effectiveness of using steel slag aggregate (SSA) in improving the engineering properties, especially fatigue life of Asphalt Concrete (AC) produced with steel slag. The research started by evaluating the physical properties of the steel slag aggregate. Then the 13 types of mixes which contain steel slag in portion of fine aggregates or in portion of coarse aggregates or in all portions of aggregates were tested. The effectiveness of the SSA was judged by the improvement in Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus, and fatigue life of the AC samples. It was found that replacing the 50% of the limestone coarse or fine aggregate by SSA improved the mechanical properties of the AC mixes.

scholarly journals Utilisation of Mining Waste from the Steel Industry, Ladle Furnace Slags, as a Filler in Bituminous Mixtures of Continuous Grading

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Nebreda-Rodrigo ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Evaristo Rafael Moreno-López ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ladle Furnace ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Furnace Slag

Road construction is an activity that involves a large consumption of raw materials, with the consequent high environmental impact. For this reason, various research projects are being developed in which waste is used as a raw material for bituminous mixtures. This avoids the extraction of raw materials, reduces the environmental impact and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. In this research, the incorporation of ladle furnace slag as a filler for continuous grading bituminous mixtures was evaluated. Firstly, the ladle furnace slag was chemically and physically characterised and its suitability for use as a filler was determined in accordance with the regulations. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with the slag and also with commercial fillers, calcareous and hornfels, in order to compare the results. Finally, the physical properties, Marshall stability and the effect of water were determined with the immersion–compression test on all families of samples. The results showed that the mixes conformed with ladle furnace slag had higher Marshall stability, less variation due to the effect of water and acceptable physical properties. Consequently, the suitability of utilisation of these slags in bituminous mixtures could be confirmed.

scholarly journals Steel Slag as an Aggregate Replacement in Malaysian Hot Mix Asphalt

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Fahmi Mohammad Sabri ◽  
Mohd Azizi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Anwar Sahul Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Design System ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Crushed Aggregate ◽  
Pavement Construction

As natural aggregate sources are becoming depleted due to high demand in road construction and the amount of disposed waste material keeps increasing, researchers are exploring the use of alternative materials which could preserve natural sources and save the environment. In this study, steel slag was used as an aggregate replacement in conventional dense graded asphalt mixes (ACW14 and ACB28). Steel slag was selected due to its characteristics, which are almost similar to conventional aggregates, and the fact that it is easily obtainable as a by-product of the steel industry. The same gradations of mixtures were produced using normal crushed aggregate as control samples. The Marshall mix design system was used for sample preparation in accordance with Malaysian specifications. Samples of asphaltic concrete were subjected to the resilient modulus test, creep test and rutting test. Samples made from steel slag show significantly better results than conventional aggregate. Therefore, utilization of steel slag will reduce land fill, save natural resources and improve the strength of pavement to sustain a higher volume of vehicles. This will shift the gear in sustainable pavement construction, which is most desirable in today’s energy deficient world.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of Steel Slag as Aggregate for Road Construction: Experimental Testing and Environmental Impact Assessment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3587
Author(s):  
Marina Díaz-Piloneta ◽  
Marta Terrados-Cristos ◽  
Jose Valeriano Álvarez-Cabal ◽  
Eliseo Vergara-González
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Bof Slag

Blast Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag represents one of the largest waste fractions from steelmaking. Therefore, slag valorisation technologies are of high importance regarding the use of slag as a secondary resource, both in the steel sector and in other sectors, such as the construction or cement industries. The main issue regarding the use of BOF slag is its volumetric instability in the presence of water; this hampers its use in sectors and requires a stabilisation pre-treatment. These treatments are also cost-inefficient and cause other environmental issues. This paper analyses the use of untreated BOF slag from a technical and environmental point of view, suggesting it as an alternative to natural aggregates in road surface layers and asphalt pavements. A comprehensive analysis of the requirements to be met by raw materials used in asphalt mixes was performed, and a pilot test was carried out with two different mixtures: one mix with limestone as coarse aggregate and another with 15% BOF slag. Furthermore, the global warming impacts derived from each mix with different aggregates were measured by Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), and a transport sensitivity analysis was also performed. The results show how the utilization of BOF slag as coarse aggregate in road construction improves the technical performance of asphalt mixtures (Marshall Quotient 4.9 vs. 6.6). Moreover, the introduction of BOF slag into the asphalt mix as a coarse aggregate, instead of limestone, causes a carbon emissions reduction rate of more than 14%.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LONG-TERM STORAGE OF ELECTRIC STEEL SMELTING SLAGS IN DUMPS ON THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Aleksey Pogromskiy ◽  
Tat'yana Anikanova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Electric Steel ◽  
Steel Smelting ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Main Component

construction, repair and reconstruction of roads require high costs of mineral raw materials in the form of sand, gravel, mineral powder. However, its reserves on the territory of our country are distributed unevenly, which causes significant transportation costs for the delivery of mineral resources to construction sites. In addition, mineral resources are inevitably reduced over time, which requires extensive involvement in the construction of roads of non-traditional types of raw materials, as well as industrial waste. The paper presents the results of studies of the properties of electric steel slag, the current output and stored in the dumps for several years. The main component of electric steel-smelting slags, both fresh and dumped, lying in dumps for about 20 years, is shannonite or γ-modification of calcium orthosilicate C2S. It has been established that the mineralogical composition of the Oskol Electrometallurgical Combine's slag is represented by hematite, wuistite, calcite, periclase, and also portlandite, formed during quenching of lime. Analysis of diffractograms of slags of different shelf life shows that in the initial periods of slag storage in the dumps there is a final quenching of lime and its carbonization with the formation of calcite. The results of the determination of the granulometric composition of the slag of different storage periods showed a decrease with time of the number of fine fractions and an increase in large fractions. It is established that when using electric steel-smelting slags in the construction and repair of highways, it is necessary to take into account changes in the physical and mechanical properties of materials. The processes that take place during the maintenance of slags in dumps determine the suitability of the use of slag mineral materials in road construction.

scholarly journals REPLACEMENT OF NATURAL AGGREGATES USED IN ROAD STRUCTURES WITH STEEL SLAG

2021 ◽  
Vol XXVIII (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Ion Chiricuta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Modern Technologies

This work facilitates the application of modern technologies for road construction, by using steel slag instead of natural stone aggregates. This procedure will result in a significant decrease in the cost of works (slag, being an industrial waste, is much cheaper than natural aggregate). In the same time, the use of slag aggregates can result in protection of the environment, by eliminating slag storage spaces and by preserving the natural environment (extraction of natural aggregates may disturb groundwater and intensify erosion etc). Marshall stability, flow index and bulk density were determined for both kinds of aggregates, in order to find if the steel slag can safely replace the natural aggregates. By comparing the experimental results obtained for the two kinds of aggregates, it was confirmed the possibility of successfully using of steel slag as a substitute for natural aggregates in the base layer of a road structure.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of steel slag replaced mineral aggregate for road base/sub-base application based Vietnam and Japan standard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Tung Dang ◽  
Manh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Tan Phong Nguyen ◽  
Tomoo Isawa ◽  
Yasutaka Ta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Steelmaking Slag ◽  
Mineral Aggregate ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Volume Stability ◽  
Road Pavement

AbstractSteelmaking slag is one of the most massive industrial by-products generated during steelmaking processes. This paper presents the current steelmaking slag production status and its potential to use as mineral aggregates in base/sub-base layer of road pavement. The mechanical properties of steelmaking slag were confirmed by the test method specified in Vietnam specification. The volume stability test of the slag was conducted based on JIS A 5015-2018 (Japanese Industrial Standard: Iron and steel slag for road construction). From the results, it was confirmed that steelmaking slag can satisfy all the mechanical requirements specified in Vietnam specification and the requirements regarding stability specified in JIS A 5015-2018. In addition, it was found that the elastic modulus of steelmaking slag applied as a base or sub-base layer in pavement was higher than that of the conventional graded aggregate made from mineral aggregate. Therefore, the thickness of pavement can be reduced by using steelmaking slag, and the construction cost can be lower.

scholarly journals Analisis Kinerja Campuran Aspal Beton (AC–BC) Menggunakan Liquid Asbuton Dengan Penambahan Serpih Sampah HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Daud Nawir ◽  
Achmad Zultan M
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Ideal Plastic ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
The Ideal

The use of asphalt (Liquid asbuton) as a road pavement material can be an economical and efficient choice for road construction and maintenance because, in addition to being cheaper and having better work abilities compared to other types of buton asphalt, a new step is carried out by using Asbuton liquid in a hot mix. One of the materials used is high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste. The ideal plastic prohibition needs to be balanced with waste management and financial incentives to change the habits of consumers and industry players. This research was conducted to determine the effect of using HDPE type plastic as an addition to the Asphalt Layer mixture Concrete (Laston) in terms of Marshall characteristics by using liquid asbuton and the level of plastic addition used was 2%, 4%, and 6% The results achieved were the addition of plastic waste flakes into the asphalt concrete mixture AC-BC can save asphalt 6% to the weight of asphalt The characteristics of the AC-BC mixture can be explained that with the addition of plastic waste flakes, stability will rise, flow decreases, Marshal Quotien (MQ) increases, VIM decreases, VMA decreases, VFB increases with increasing levels of effective asphalt, remaining marshall stability can be reached above 90%, and the cavity in the cam Puran at the refusal density can be achieved in the range greater than 2%.

scholarly journals Research on the use of Ferro-Chrome slag in civil engineering applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalifa S. Al-Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Ferrochrome Slag

Over recent decades there has been rapid increase in the industrial waste materials and by-products yields due to the progressive growth rate of population, development of industry and technology and the growth of consumerism. With the growing environmental pressures to reduce waste and pollution, Intensive research studies have been conducted to explore all suitable reuse methods. Wastes such as construction waste, blast furnace, steel slag, coal fly ash and bottom ash have been approved in many places as alternative materials in bridges, roads, pavements, foundations and building construction. The use of industrial solid waste as a partial replacement of raw materials in construction activities not only saves landfill space but also reduces the demand for extraction of natural raw materials. Ferrochrome slag is a by-product from the production of chrome. There are environmental and economic advantages in seeing slags as a potentially useful resource rather than as waste products. Slag management at ferrochrome producing companies has been influenced by the limited space available and financial cost implications of the slag dumps. Internationally, e.g. South Africa, India, Norway, Turkey, East Europe, China, Sweden and USA, ferrochrome slag is used commercially in the road and construction Industries. This material is being used for road construction, as aggregates in concrete industry, brick manufacturing, and in pavement construction as engineering fill and has recently been tried in cement. This paper presents an overview of the recent advances of the use of ferrochrome slag in various civil engineering applications such as road construction, and cement and concrete industries.

scholarly journals Development of Cold In-Place Recycling with Bitumen Emulsion and Biomass Bottom Ash

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Limestone Aggregate ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Biomass Fly Ash

Power generation from biomass is one of the most promising energy sources available today. However, this industry has a series of wastes derived from its activity, mainly biomass fly ash and biomass bottom ash. Biomass bottom ash is a waste that has no current use and, in most cases, is deposited in landfills. In turn, road construction is one of the activities that produces the most pollution, as it requires huge amounts of raw materials. Therefore, this research proposes the use of biomass bottom ashes, in an unaltered form, for the formation of cold in-place recycling with bitumen emulsion. This type of mixture, which is highly sustainable owing to the use of a high percentage of waste, was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement, biomass bottom ash, water, and bitumen emulsion. To this end, the grading curve of the materials was analyzed, different bituminous mixtures were made with varying percentages of emulsion and water, and the mechanical properties of the mixtures were analyzed. At the same time, the same type of mix was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement and commercial limestone aggregate, in order to compare the results. The tests showed a better mechanical behavior of the bituminous mixes made with biomass bottom ash, maintaining physical properties similar to those of conventional mixes. In short, it was confirmed that the production of this type of mix with biomass bottom ash was feasible, creating sustainable materials that reuse currently unused waste and avoid landfill disposal.

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