scholarly journals 3D Hierarchical Nanocrystalline CuS Cathode for Lithium Batteries

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Gulnur Kalimuldina ◽  
Arailym Nurpeissova ◽  
Assyl Adylkhanova ◽  
Nurbolat Issatayev ◽  
Desmond Adair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Films ◽  
Electrochemical Testing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cu Foam

Conductive and flexible CuS films with unique hierarchical nanocrystalline branches directly grown on three-dimensional (3D) porous Cu foam were fabricated using an easy and facile solution processing method without a binder and conductive agent for the first time. The synthesis procedure is quick and does not require complex routes. The structure and morphology of the as-deposited CuS/Cu films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron spectroscopy, respectively. Pure crystalline hexagonal structured CuS without impurities were obtained for the most saturated S solution. Electrochemical testing of CuS/Cu foam electrodes showed a reasonable capacity of 450 mAhg−1 at 0.1 C and excellent cyclability, which might be attributed to the unique 3D structure of the current collector and hierarchical nanocrystalline branches that provide fast diffusion and a large surface area.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Fe3O4/Graphene Aerogels for the Removal of Arsenic Ions from Water

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ye ◽  
Da Yin ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Qingwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Aerogels ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

We report the synthesis of three-dimensional Fe3O4/graphene aerogels (GAs) and their application for the removal of arsenic (As) ions from water. The morphology and properties of Fe3O4/GAs have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum inference device. The 3D nanostructure shows that iron oxide nanoparticles are decorated on graphene with an interconnected network structure. It is found that Fe3O4/GAs own a capacity of As(V) ions adsorption up to 40.048 mg/g due to their remarkable 3D structure and existence of magnetic Fe3O4nanoparticles for separation. The adsorption isotherm matches well with the Langmuir model and kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption process is pseudo-second-ordered. In addition to the excellent adsorption capability, Fe3O4/GAs can be easily and effectively separated from water, indicating potential applications in water treatment.

Effect of NABr on the Pore Size and Surface Morphology of Cu Foam Prepared by Hydrogen Bubble Templating

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela ◽  
Reginald E. Masirag ◽  
Francis O. Pacariem Jr. ◽  
Juicel Marie D. Taguinod
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Hydrogen Bubble ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Foam ◽  
Interconnected Pores

Binderless supercapacitor electrodes are currently being employed to increase the surface contact between the active material and current collector, leading to enhanced capacitance. In binderless electrodes, the active material is directly grown on the surface of the current collector, omitting the use of insulative polymer-based binders. In this work, Cu foam was successfully electrodeposited on Cu sheet by dynamic hydrogen bubble templating (DHBT) using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium bromide (NaBr) as additives. The current density was set at 3 A·cm-2 and electrodeposition was performed for 20 s. At 200 mg/L PEG, increasing the NaBr concentration from 0 to 80 mM produced Cu foam with decreasing pores sizes of about 75.15 to 34.10 μm. However, the walls of the interconnected pores became thicker as the pore diameters were reduced. This indicates that NaBr promotes Cu deposition rather than hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), leading to smaller pore sizes. X-ray diffraction confirms the oxidation of the Cu foam under ambient conditions forming cuprous oxide (Cu2O). The Cu2O/Cu foam was then utilized as binderless electrode for supercapacitor, resulting to a specific capacitance of 0.815 F·cm-2 at 5 mV·s-1. Results show the potential of the fabricated Cu2O/Cu foam as binderless electrode for pseudo-type supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Low-Zpolymer sample supports for fixed-target serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey K. Feld ◽  
Michael Heymann ◽  
W. Henry Benner ◽  
Tommaso Pardini ◽  
Ching-Ju Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Linac Coherent Light Source ◽  
Efficient Alternative

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) offer a new avenue to the structural probing of complex materials, including biomolecules. Delivery of precious sample to the XFEL beam is a key consideration, as the sample of interest must be serially replaced after each destructive pulse. The fixed-target approach to sample delivery involves depositing samples on a thin-film support and subsequent serial introductionviaa translating stage. Some classes of biological materials, including two-dimensional protein crystals, must be introduced on fixed-target supports, as they require a flat surface to prevent sample wrinkling. A series of wafer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-style grid supports constructed of low-Zplastic have been custom-designed and produced. Aluminium TEM grid holders were engineered, capable of delivering up to 20 different conventional or plastic TEM grids using fixed-target stages available at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). As proof-of-principle, X-ray diffraction has been demonstrated from two-dimensional crystals of bacteriorhodopsin and three-dimensional crystals of anthrax toxin protective antigen mounted on these supports at the LCLS. The benefits and limitations of these low-Zfixed-target supports are discussed; it is the authors' belief that they represent a viable and efficient alternative to previously reported fixed-target supports for conducting diffraction studies with XFELs.

Three-dimensional morphology of anatase nanocrystals obtained from supercritical flow synthesis with industrial grade TiOSO4 precursor

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Yu ◽  
Frederik Søndergaard-Pedersen ◽  
Aref Mamakhel ◽  
Paolo Lamagni ◽  
Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Titanyl Sulfate ◽  
Supercritical Flow ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Anatase TiO2 (a-TiO2) nanocrystals are vital in catalytic applications both as catalysts (e.g. photodegradation) and as a carrier material (e.g. NOx removal from exhaust). The synthesis of a-TiO2 nanocrystals and their properties have been heavily scrutinized, but there exists a clear gap between the scientific literature, and the scale and price expectation of industrial application. Here it is demonstrated that the industrially most attractive Ti precursor, titanyl sulfate (TiOSO4), can be combined with the green, scalable and fast supercritical flow method to produce phase pure and highly crystalline a-TiO2 nanoparticles with high specific surface area. Control of the nanocrystal morphology is important since it is known that certain facets substantially promote catalytic activity. It is, however, in itself challenging to determine nanocrystal morphology to provide a rational basis for the synthesis control. Here we advocate the use of advanced Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data including anisotropic size broadening models in aiding to establish the sample three-dimensional morphology. This relatively quick and robust method assists in overcoming the often encountered ambiguity inherent in two-dimensional to three-dimensional reconstruction of selected particle morphologies with transmission electron microscopy and tomography techniques.

A novel three-dimensional tetranuclear CoII coordination polymer with water hexamers based on the V-shaped tetracarboxylate ligand 4-(2,4-dicarboxylatophenoxy)phthalate

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 863-868
Author(s):  
Shao-Dong Li ◽  
Feng Su ◽  
Miao-Li Zhu ◽  
Li-Ping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solvothermal Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Building Units ◽  
Point Symbol

A new coordination polymer (CP), namely, poly[[diaquatris[μ2-1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene]bis[μ6-4-(2,4-dicarboxylatophenoxy)phthalato]tetracobalt(II)] hexahydrate], {[Co4(C16H6O9)2(C12H10N4)3(H2O)2]·6H2O} n , has been synthesized by solvothermal reaction. The CP was fully characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It presents a three-dimensional (3D) structure based on tetranuclear CoII secondary building units (SBUs) with a tfz-d net and point symbol (43)2(46·618·84). The 4-(2,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phthalic acid (H4dcppa) ligands are completely deprotonated and link {Co4(COO)4}4− SBUs into two-dimensional (2D) layers. Furthermore, adjacent layers are connected by 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene (bib) ligands, giving rise to a 3D supramolecular architecture. Interestingly, there are numerous elliptical cavities in the CP where isolated unique discrete hexameric water clusters have been observed. The results of thermogravimetric and magnetic analyses are described in detail.

scholarly journals Synthesis of NiW Supported on an Al-Modified Cubic Ia3d Mesoporous KIT-5 Catalyst and Its Hydrodenitrogenation Performance of Quinoline

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Shaoqing Guo ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Lijing Yuan ◽  
Hongyu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Sulfide Catalysts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Pore Size

Pure KIT-5 and a series of Al-KT-X materials modified by different amounts of aluminum were synthesized by a direct hydrothermal method and acted as supports for the catalysts of a quinoline hydrodenitrification reaction with the NiW active phases supported. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 isotherm absorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) for the supports indicated that Al species were embedded into the framework of the KIT-5 materials with a large pore size, pore volume, and specific surface area. The Pyridine-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Py-IR) result of the catalysts demonstrated that the addition of aluminum atoms enhanced the acidity of the catalysts. The results of the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) characterizations for the sulfide catalysts indicated that the embedded Al species could facilitate the dispersion of active metals and the formation of the active phases. Among all the catalysts, NiW/Al-KT-40 showed the maximal hydrodenitrogenation conversion (HDNC) due to its open three-dimensional pore structure, appropriate acidity, and good dispersion of active metals.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Three-dimensional Porous Compound: [Cu(H2O)6][{Cu(H2O)2}2{Cu(H2O)4H4W12O42}] · 12H2O

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-jing Zhang ◽  
Ya-guang Chen ◽  
Dong-mei Shi ◽  
Hai-jun Pang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

A novel transition metal polyoxotungstate, [Cu(H2O)6][{Cu(H2O)2}2{Cu(H2O)4H4W12O42}] · 12H2O (1), has been synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and UV/vis spectroscopy, and TG analysis. The paradodecatungstate anions [H2W12O42]10− are linked by CuO6 octahedra, forming a three-dimensional (3D) structure. The magnetic susceptibility of compound 1 in the temperature range 2 - 300 K shows the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions within the uniform Cu2・ ・ ・Cu3 chains

Quantitative SiGe TEM Elemental Analysis in FinFET Test Structures

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Demarest ◽  
John Bruley
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Germanium ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Device Scaling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Calibration Samples ◽  
Performance Gains

Abstract As semiconductor device scaling continues to reduce the structure size, device geometries are also changing to three dimensional structures such as finFETs, and the materials which compose the devices are also evolving to obtain additional device performance gains. The material change studied in this paper is the introduction of silicon germanium into the electrically active region of a finFET test structure. The paper demonstrates a quantitative energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique through the use of blanket film calibration samples of known concentration characterized by X-ray diffraction. The technique is used to identify a test structure issue which could only be diagnosed with a technique having nanometer spatial resolution and atomic percent sensitivity. The results of the test structure analysis are independently verified by the complementary TEM electron energy loss spectroscopy technique.

Facile Synthesis of Bi2S3/MoS2/g-C3N4 Ternary Photocatalysts and Photocatalytic Properties

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150085
Author(s):  
Dongen Zhang ◽  
Youxiang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dimensional Network

Bi2S3/MoS2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized using a solid-state method for the first time. Thiourea and bulk Bi2MoO6 were used as the precursors and were reacted under a nitrogen atmosphere. Bi2S3/MoS2/g-C3N4 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microcopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The structure of Bi2S3/MoS2/g-C3N4 is a three-dimensional network structure formed by uniform loading of g-C3N4 and MoS2 around the rod-like Bi2S3 framework. The photodegradation performance was evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B during irradiation by a 350 W Xe lamp. The degradation rate of Bi2S3/MoS2/g-C3N4 towards rhodamine B reached 95.1% after irradiation for 150[Formula: see text]min. This study will provide new insights into the design of efficient and stable heterostructures for photocatalytic applications.

Crystallization kinetics of yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12)

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1795-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley R. Johnson ◽  
Waltraud M. Kriven
Keyword(s):  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum ◽  
Temperature Transformation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Dimensional Crystal

The kinetics and pathways for crystallization of solid, amorphous, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) were studied using isothermal differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The activation energy for crystallization was 437 KJ/mol and the measured Avrami exponent was 2.74, which corresponded to three-dimensional crystal growth with a constant number of nuclei. Time–temperature–transformation (T–T–T) curves were developed from the data to predict crystallization rates as a function of temperature. The crystallization pathway for YAG in this system is compared to others reported in the literature.

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