scholarly journals The Influence of External Environmental Conditions on Properties of Ceramic Building Materials with Waste Material Additives

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
Maria Wesołowska ◽  
Anna Kaczmarek ◽  
Jerzy Hoła
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Porosity Structure ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Ceramic Building ◽  
Masonry Units

In this paper, we analyze the state of conservation of ceramic building materials (clay masonry units) containing a large share of waste materials in the form of ash and slag from coal combustion and sawdust from wood processing, operated for several decades in facing walls of religious buildings, in external environment conditions. For the purpose of this analysis, comparative tests were carried out on the samples of ceramic materials cut out from facing walls and samples extracted from the same ceramic materials; they were stored in laboratory conditions for the entire time. The following were investigated: initial water absorption, capillary rise, and porosity structure determined with mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The research has shown, among other things, that the ceramic materials exploited in the external environment are characterized by an almost twofold increase in the initial rate of water absorption and by a different size of dominant pores and a pore size distribution in comparison with ceramic materials stored in laboratory conditions. The results, obtained for ceramic building materials (clay masonry units) containing the above-mentioned waste materials in their composition, constitute a novelty. They fill a gap in the literature by establishing how decades-long operation in natural conditions affected the capillary properties and the porosity structure of the ceramics under investigation. Based on the obtained research results, conclusions of cognitive and practical significance have been formulated that relate to the possibility of the exploitation of facing walls made of investigated ceramic materials.

scholarly journals Utilisation of Products of the Thermal Reclamation of Post Reclamation Dusts in the Production Technology of Ceramic Building Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Holtzer ◽  
R. Dańko ◽  
J. Dańko ◽  
Z. Pytel
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Ceramic Building ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reclamation Process

Abstract The problem related to the management of post reclamation dusts generated in the reclamation process of waste moulding sands with organic binders is presented in the hereby paper. Waste materials generated in this process are products hazardous for the environment and should be utilised. The prototype stand for the utilisation of this dangerous material in its co-burning with coal was developed and patented in AGH in Krakow. The stand was installed in one of the domestic casting houses. As the utilisation result the transformed waste product is obtained and its management in the production of ceramic materials constitutes the subject of the presented publication.

Environmental Friendly Ceramic Building Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyohiko Sugiyama ◽  
Keiji Kusumoto ◽  
Masayoshi Ohashi ◽  
Akinori Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Solar Reflectance ◽  
Ceramic Building

The global warming is one of the most serious problems. The decrease of CO2 emissions in our daily life is an important subject today. Recently, an application of water retentive materials as a paving material has attracted a great deal of attention in Japan. This material is effective for reducing heat island phenomenon, which is also a recent problem in many cities in Japan. Water retained in the material during rainfall evaporates when heated by sunshine. The latent heat absorbed by evaporating water works to cool the surroundings. The water retentive ceramic products are expected to be useful for building materials as well as pavements. Several performances are required on the water retentive ceramics when it is used as building materials. Its cost and quality are the important factors. Porous ceramic materials formed by pressing without firing is one of ideal low cost and eco-friendly candidates. The porous ceramics is also expected to be produced from recycled ceramic materials. By optimizing its composition and forming method, a water retentive material with high performance was developed. The trial product had the properties as follows; fracture toughness: 1300N, bending strength: 175N/cm, water absorption: larger than 30%, and precision in size (length): +-0.5mm for 150mm. The product showed also enough frost resistance. In this paper, the fundamental properties of the porous ceramics prepared without firing are discussed with referring to the results of the field experiments.Another subject recently studied by several tile manufactures in Japan is the glazed tile with high solar reflectance. The exterior walls covered with such a high solar reflectance tile keeps the surface temperature of the wall lower under the strong sunshine of summer. It is effective against heat-island phenomenon. In this paper, the outline of the research results on visible and infrared reflectance of many kinds of glazes is also discussed.

scholarly journals Pozzolanic mortars based on waste building materials for the restoration of historical buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Pasalic ◽  
Snezana Vucetic ◽  
Dmitar Zoric ◽  
Vilma Ducman ◽  
Jonjaua Ranogajec
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Clay Materials

The environmental aspects of waste building materials have been of great interest in recent years. For the sector of building materials this means increased recycling, reduction of energy consumption and natural resources preservation. This also presents an important contribution in the field of environmental protection. The work deals with the development of pozzolanic mortars made of waste building materials, ground red structure bricks and raw clay materials of inadequate characteristics for the production of ceramic materials. Based on the results of historical mortar characterizations, a group of mortars with specific characteristics (satisfied durability, good compatibility with a historical mortar) was prepared. The potential of the waste materials and domestic clay materials application in the production of pozzolanic mortars was confirmed. In addition to the waste management, pozzolanic mortars were designed taking into account the existing conventions in the area of culture heritage.

scholarly journals Optimization of compaction pressure on brick

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Ade Indra ◽  
Edison Edison ◽  
Hendri Nofrianto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Suction Rate

Bricks are one of the building materials that serves as a wall or anchoring the load. Therefore, it must be made according to the standards. In our previous observations, many found bricks were traditionally not quality, because the process of making bricks that are not right. Bricks are a class of ceramic materials that must be hard and should not be crushed when immersed in water. The method in this study focuses on optimizing compaction pressures, with printed pressures that are varied in MPa units. The results obtained as follows, in terms of mechanical properties of Compressive Strength increases with the addition of compaction pressure, an increase of 36% (brick becomes strong). In terms of physical properties of Density increased (porosity becomes smaller). For Suction rate down, this shows less water absorption. The results obtained in accordance with national and international quality standards.

Ceramic Brick with High Water Retentivity Prepared from Ceramic Waste and by Products

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 2235-2239
Author(s):  
Toyohiko Sugiyama ◽  
Hajime Nagae ◽  
Kazuo Suzuki ◽  
Kenichi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
High Water ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Heat Of Evaporation

Many kinds of industrial waste were examined as potential constituents of ceramic bricks or tiles. The basic physical properties of these materials were measured, such as sintering temperature, water absorption, porosity, density, color, chemical stability and bending strength. Several kinds of sintered ceramics containing large amounts of waste materials were obtained by adjusting the amount of the waste materials added to the ceramics. These were fired at temperatures lower than 1000°C. A lowering of firing temperature results in a reduction of discharge of CO2 on the production process. Ceramic brick with high water retention is expected to mitigate the heatisland phenomenon by the latent heat of evaporation. Porous ceramics were prepared using industrial waste, burned ash and recycled roofing tile as raw materials. The permeability, water retentivity, water absorption, and other properties of the porous recycled ceramics were investigated. The pF value of the ceramics was measured as an indicator of water retentivity. An appropriate method of characterizing water retentive ceramic materials was also discussed based on results of fundamental examination of the ceramics under practical conditions.

scholarly journals Devising technology for utilizing water treatment waste to produce ceramic building materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10 (109)) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Larysa Spasonova ◽  
Іrіna Subota ◽  
Аnastasia Sholom
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Ceramic Building

Based on the modern ideas about environmental protection, this paper reports a study into the utilization of water-treated waste from heavy metals (using copper(II) compounds as an example) for the manufacture of ceramic building materials. The examined clay minerals from local deposits and the optimal conditions for their heat treatment (at 1,100 °C) have been proposed for the sorption removal of pollutants of inorganic origin from wastewater. The use of wastewater after its treatment makes it possible to address several tasks at the same time: to protect the environment from pollution by technological wastewater, as well as to reuse wastewater in order to resolve the issue of water scarcity. Ceramic building materials were manufactured based on water purification waste (in the amount of 5 %) and clay raw materials. Their structural-mechanical and physicochemical characteristics have been comprehensively studied. Sintering processes begin at lower temperatures, which is why, with an increase in the annealing temperature to 1,000 °C and higher, their strength rapidly decreases. In the temperature range of 600‒1,100 °C, there are possibilities to apply ceramic technology to immobilize heavy metals in ceramic matrices. The prospect of utilizing water purification waste in the technological process of manufacturing inorganic ceramic materials has been shown. The safety of the building materials, manufactured by leaching pollutants from the ceramic samples using various aggressive environments (leaching to 6.4 %, 0.083 mg·cm2/day) has been investigated. The high strength and degree of the copper ion fixation in the structure of polymineral clay have been confirmed while secondary environmental pollution is almost absent

Prospects for the Development of Building Ceramics, Based on Stale Slags from the Non-Ferrous Metallurgy of Orenburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Gurieva ◽  
Anastasia A. Ilyina
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Fusible Clay ◽  
Ceramic Building

The article deals with the problems of using wastes formed after extraction of copper, nickel, gold, etc. from slags. A review of existing developments in the field of using technogenic products for the production of ceramic building materials with desired properties was carried out. The results of the study of the prospects of using stale slags from non-ferrous metallurgy on the example of the slags from the Mednogorsk Copper-Sulfur Plant of the Orenburg region in combination with fusible clay from the Alimsaysky deposit for the production of ceramic brick are presented. The data of studying the technological properties of raw materials, the development of compositions are given. The effect of the material composition of the clay / slag mixture on the strength, shrinkage, water absorption and density of experimental samples – bricks after calcination in the range of 900– 1200 ° C is determined.

scholarly journals Applying Mixture of Municipal Incinerator Bottom Ash and Sewage Sludge Ash for Ceramic Tile Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3863
Author(s):  
Deng-Fong Lin ◽  
Wei-Jhu Wang ◽  
Chia-Wen Chen ◽  
Kuo-Liang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Kiln Temperature ◽  
Sludge Ash

Municipal incinerator bottom ash (MIBA) and sewage sludge ash (SSA) are secondary wastes produced from municipal incinerators. Landfills, disposal at sea, and agricultural use have been the major outlets for these secondary wastes. As global emphasis on sustainability arises, many have called for an increasing reuse of waste materials as valuable resources. In this study, MIBA and SSA were mixed with clay for ceramic tile manufacturing in this study. Raw materials firstly went through TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) to ensure their feasibility for reuse. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM), clay’s smooth surface was contrasted with the porous surface of MIBA and SSA, which led to a higher water requirement for the mixing. Specimens with five MIBA mix percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (wt) and three SSA mix percentages of 0%, 10%, and 20% (wt) were made to compare how the two waste materials affected the quality of the final product and to what extent. Shrinkage tests showed that MIBA and SSA contributed oppositely to tile shrinkage, as more MIBA reduced tile shrinkage, while more SSA encouraged tile shrinkage. However, as the kiln temperature reached 1150 °C, the SiO2-rich SSA adversely reduced the shrinkage due to the glass phase that formed to expand the tile instead. Both MIBA and SSA increased water tile absorption and reduced its bending strength and wear resistance. Increasing the kiln temperature could effectively improve the water absorption, bending strength, and wear resistance of high MIBA and SSA mixes, as SEM showed a more compact structure at higher temperatures. However, when the temperature reached 1100 °C, more pores appeared and seemingly exhausted the benefit brought by the higher temperature. Complex interactions between kiln temperature and MIBA/SSA mix percentage bring unpredictable performance of tile shrinkage, bending strength, and water absorption, which makes it very challenging to create a sample meeting all the specification requirements. We conclude that a mix with up to 20% of SSA and 5% of MIBA could result in quality tiles meeting the requirements for interior or exterior flooring applications when the kiln temperature is carefully controlled.

Comprehensive Characterization of Agricultural By-Products for Bio-Aggregate Based Concrete

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herinjaka Haga Ratsimbazafy ◽  
Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽  
Camille Magniont ◽  
Philippe Evon
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
West Part ◽  
Hemp Shiv ◽  
By Products

The valorization of available agricultural by-products is important for the development of bio-aggregate based concretes as eco-friendly solutions for building materials. However, their diversity requires to assess their potential of use in vegetal concretes. This study aims to propose simple and relevant multi-physical characterization methods for plant aggregates. Basic and complementary characterizations were carried out on hemp shiv as a reference plant aggregate, and nine by-products available in the South-West part of France, i.e., oleaginous flax shiv, sunflower pith and bark, coriander straw, wheat straw, wheat chaff, corn shuck, miscanthus stem and vine shoot. The basic characterizations performed were those recommended by the TC-RILEM 236 BBM, i.e., particle size distribution, bulk density, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Complementary characterizations have also been proposed, taking into account the possible environment of the binder and the vegetal concrete manufacturing method. The additional tests developed or adapted from previous research assess the following properties: the content of water-soluble compounds at pH 7 and 12, the dry density of plant aggregates compacted in wet state, the real water absorption after compaction and the compression behavior of these compacted aggregates. This complete characterization highlights the distinct behavior of the different agroresources and allows to correlate these characteristics to the use properties of hardened composites.

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