scholarly journals Trichromatic Vat Dyeing of Cationized Cotton

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5731
Author(s):  
Ana Sutlović ◽  
Martinia Ira Glogar ◽  
Ivana Čorak ◽  
Anita Tarbuk
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Vat Dye ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Color Depth ◽  
Very High

This article deals with cationization of cotton during mercerization and its effects on trichromatic vat dyeing. If cationization is carried out during the after-treatment, regardless of cotton pretreatment, the reaction takes place on the surface and blocks cellulose groups, subsequently resulting in uneven coloration. However, when cationization is carried out with an epihalohydrin during the mercerization process, new cellulose is formed in which the cationic compound is uniformly distributed and trapped between cellulose chains, resulting in uniform coloration after the dyeing process. The reaction time for the process during mercerization is 24 h, thus a more favorable process was researched. Based on electrokinetic analysis, it was found that 5 h was sufficient for the reaction with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC). The cationization of cotton contributed to the processes of vat dyeing. The change in charge upon cationization resulted in very high adsorption of vat-dye anions, indicating that ionic bonding occurred in addition to van der Waals forces. The color depth improved by more than 10 times. It should be emphasized that the colors with higher chroma and targeted color hue, especially in trichromatic dyeing, were obtained on cationized cotton, in contrast to standard cotton fabrics. The color differences obtained under the different light sources indicate the occurrence of metamerism. Considering the color fastness to laundering, vat-dyed cationized fabrics of all colors may be used in hospitals or other environments where high hygiene and oxidative bleaching are required.

scholarly journals Environmental Method for Preparation of Higher Color Strength Dyeing Cotton Fabrics with Colored Nanosilica Pigment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinping Zhang ◽  
Yonghe Li ◽  
Peibo Du ◽  
Zhiguang Guo ◽  
Zaisheng Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silica ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Green Method ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Color Depth

Abstract Dye wastewater into the water system would cause a severe threat to the natural environment. To reduce the dye discharge, it is highly essential to find a clean and green method to color cotton fabrics. Herein, this work has expediently designed the novel pigment with colored nanoparticles to dye cotton fabrics, which was based on the adsorption of dyes from dyes solution with the synthesis of worm-like hydrophilic porous silica (WHMS) and formed colored particles. It could be found that as-prepared WHMS exhibited with the larger surface area of 968.61 m2/g, the average size of 300 nm and the higher electronegativity on the surface of WHMS materials and could be favorable to capture dye to achieve the capacity above 500 mg/g for different cationic and reduce dyes discharge. The colored WHMS applied in dyeing cotton fabrics show the higher stability and stronger color strength by electrostatic attraction compared with original dyes, in which the mass of WHMS-dyes could be retained by above 80% in thermal decomposition, the color depth of WHMS-dyes dying fabrics increased by above1.2 times and the dye residues in the dyeing process were reduced. The high-quality dyeing fabrics can be obtained and nanospheres uniformly fixed on cotton fabrics through the binder to build a layer film, owing to its hydrophobicity and small sizes. The dyeing cotton fabrics exhibited good wet rubbing, washing fastness and hand feel. These results suggest that the WHMS-dyes can be suitable for cotton dyeing textiles as a sustainable coloring process.

Application of Poly2-Methyl Acrylate-N-Methyl Pyridinium Iodide in Salt-Free Dyeing of Reactive Dyes

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Shu Hang Zhang ◽  
Hong Wei Li ◽  
Le Lv
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Color Yield ◽  
Matching Performance ◽  
Cationic Cotton

Poly2-methyl acrylate-N-methyl pyridinium iodide (PMAMPI) was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The pretreated cationic cotton showed electropositive in the process of dyeing with reactive dye. The thesis has studied the optimized process for salt-free dyeing conditions. In the optimized salt-free dyeing process, the cotton fabrics treated with PMAMPI showed a good performance compared to those in the process of traditional salt dyeing. The results showed that color yield and color fastness of the reactive dyes on the cationic cotton were satisfied. The three dyes with best color matching performance include reactive dark red WGE, reactive navy blue WTE and reactive golden yellow WRE.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO: Al Films under Different Light Sources

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Pradhan ◽  
Juan Carlos Alonso ◽  
Monserrat Bizarro
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Degradation Rate

ZnO and Al doped ZnO films were produced by spray pyrolysis. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the decomposition of the methyl orange dye using different light sources: ultraviolet light, artificial white light, and direct sunlight. The films were also tested under darkness for comparison. The ZnO films were able to degrade the test pollutant under UV and sunlight in more than a 60% after 180 min of irradiation and a scarce degradation was obtained using white light. However, the Al doped ZnO films presented a very high degradation rate not only under UV and sunlight (100% degradation), but also under white light (90% degradation after the same irradiation time). An unexpected high degradation was also obtained in the dark, which indicates that a nonphotonic process is taking place parallel to the photocatalytic process. This can be due to the extra electrons—provided by the aluminum atoms—that migrate to the surface and produce radicals favoring the decomposition process even in the dark. The high activity achieved by the ZnO: Al films under natural conditions can be potentially applied to water treatment processes.

Highway Tunnel Lighting Research Based on Mesopic Vision

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 4061-4064
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Chuan Zheng Zhu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
B Value ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
White Led ◽  
Mesopic Vision ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Function Fitting ◽  
Sodium Lamp ◽  
High Pressure Sodium Lamp

The white LED and high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS) are used to simulate highway tunnel lighting under different background brightness (abbreviated as B) conditions, from a series of reaction time tests, the result shows that white LED can provide shorter reaction time for observers compared with HPS, further research suggests under the mesopic vision, different kinds of light sources maybe have unlike brightness, although which is identical under the photopic vision. From the luminous spectrum test and mesopic vision spectral luminous efficiency function fitting calculation, the mesopic equivalent brightness can be determined with certain light source and B value. This conclusion would provide a more accurate and lower energy consumption lighting design method for highway tunnel.

Research on the Dyeing Property of Natural Food Pigments on Cotton Fabric

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Xia Zhu ◽  
Qing Tao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Dyeing Property ◽  
Washing Fastness ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Mordant Dyeing ◽  
Color Depth

t is pre-mordant dyeing. Dyeing property of Carmine, gardenia yellow and sodium copper chlorophyll on cotton fabrics which were pre-treated by metal mordant (FeSO4AlCl3 and ZnCl2 ) was studied. The reasonable pre-treatment was determined by comparing the color depth (K/S value) of dyed samples. And then, the dyed samples were treated with no-iron finishing resin 931-33 to fix the color. The result shows that the color depth of cotton fabric is greatly improved after determined pre-treatment, and the washing fastness is improved after color fixing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Aircrew Low-Intensity Threat Laser Eye Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Reddix ◽  
Matthew E Funke ◽  
Micah J Kinney ◽  
John L Bradley ◽  
Greg Irvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Color Symbol

Abstract Prototype low-intensity threat laser eye protection (LIT-LEP) spectacles were evaluated for US Coast Guard (USCG) cockpits and night vision goggle compatibility. The impetus for interest in aviation LIT-LEP is driven in part by the fact that easily accessible 0.5–2.0 W high-power laser pointers exceed safety standards for direct on-axis viewing. A repeated-measures experimental design was used to assess LIT-LEP performance relative to a no-LEP control for the following tasks: Near- and far contrast acuity, night vision goggle far-contrast acuity, emissive and non-emissive light source color-vision screening, and USCG multifunctional display color symbol discrimination reaction time and accuracy. Near- and far-contrast acuity results demonstrated good LIT-LEP performance for typical in- and out-of-cockpit lighting conditions. Night vision goggle performance suffered marginally at only one contrast level (85%; 20/30 acuity line). Color vision test results showed good color balance in that S-, M-, and L-cone performance did not demonstrate a clinical diagnostic color defect for emissive or non-emissive light sources when wearing LIT-LEP. Color symbol discrimination reaction-time-task results based on inverse efficiency scores revealed that some non-primary flight display colors exhibited a combination of slower speed and decreased accuracy. The findings will contribute to an acquisition decision as well as guide future LEP designs.

Simultaneous Fixation of Wrinkle-Free Finish and Reactive Dye on Cotton Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharjeel Abid ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Ahsan Nazir ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Raza ◽  
Amna Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Recovery Angle

In printing and resin finishing of cotton fabrics, the curing step is involved twice, firstly for fixation of reactive dye and secondly for the fixation of resin for proper cross-linking. In developing country like Pakistan, where cotton is a major portion of textile exports, the elimination of one fixation stage is economical and advantageous. This study dealt with the simultaneous fixation of wrinkle-free finish (resin) and reactive dye printing for cost effectiveness. The processed route of treatment imparted a maximum dry crease recovery angle of 230° and color strength up to 89.89%. The produced fabrics were characterized using crocking fastness (dry and wet), color strength sum %, color fastness to laundry, crease recovery angle, and wrinkle recovery by appearance method. Response surface optimizer gave good composite desirability value (0.08300) with color strength % of up to 73.73 and dry crease recovery angle up to 218°.

scholarly journals What Color Does the Consumer See? Perceived Color Differences in Plastic Products in an LED-Lit Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dou ◽  
Chih-Fu Wu ◽  
Kai-Chieh Lin ◽  
Jeih-Jang Liou
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Actual Color ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
Perceived Color ◽  
Plastic Products

To attract customers and increase market opportunities, retailers frequently use lighting to highlight the color of their products. However, differences between perceived and actual color, triggered by display lighting, can motivate buyers to discard products after purchase. Few studies have been reported on differences in perceived color, caused by LEDs. This study focuses on two correlated color temperatures (2800 K, 4000 K) and illuminance levels (500 lx, 1500 lx) to create four LED-lit environments, and measures the differences in the color perceived by 20 observers on acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) plastics, with different surfaces, under these four environments. The results reveal that correlated color temperature results in larger perceived differences in color than illuminance, and the effects of LED light sources on green and yellow ABS plastic products are more obvious than their effects on red and blue products. One possible reason for this can be attributed to the visual sensitivity effect of human eyes. The results of this study can serve as a reference for designers fabricating ABS plastic products for practical lighting applications, and improving the role of LED lighting in sustainable development.

scholarly journals Dyeing of Polyester with 4-Fluorosulfonylphenylazo-5-pyrazolone Disperse Dyes and Application of Environment-Friendly Aftertreatment for Their High Color Fastness

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Yoon ◽  
Byunghun Choi ◽  
Md Morshedur Rahman ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Shekh Md Mamun Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitro Group ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Disperse Dyes ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Fastness Properties ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Pyrazolone Derivatives ◽  
Dyeing Effluent

Dyeing and fastness properties of a series of 4-fluorosulfonylphenylazo-5-pyrazolone dyes on polyester were investigated in this study. The 4-nitrophenylazo-5-pyrazolone dyes were also synthesized to compare their dyeing and fastness properties on polyester with those of fluorosulfonyl-substituted analogues. The substantivity of 4-arylazo-5-pyrazolone derivatives containing a p-fluorosulfonyl group in the diazo component was lower than that of their nitro analogues which have a higher extinction coefficient and higher affinity because of the polar nitro group. They showed relatively hypsochromic color and lower chroma on polyester compared with their nitro analogues because of the relatively weaker electron-accepting power of the fluorosulfonyl group compared to the nitro group. Disperse dyeing of polyester with 4-fluorosulfonylphenylazo-5-pyrazolone disperse dyes achieved high color fastness and reduces the adverse environmental impact of the dyeing process by providing the option of performing alkali clearing instead of reductive clearing, which has high biological oxygen demand when discharged into the dyeing effluent and generates carcinogenic aromatic amines.

Study on Dyeing Properties of Black Rice Pigment on Tussah Silk

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Mei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Natural Pigment ◽  
Dyeing Properties ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dyed Fabric ◽  
Mordant Dyeing ◽  
Color Depth

To enrich the color of natural dyes, a natural pigment was extracted from black rice and used to dye tussah silk. The stability of the extract to mordant ions was investigated by Visible Spectrum and the effect of the dyeing pH, dyeing temperature, dyeing time as well as mordant process on dyeing properties (K/S value) were studied, the optimum dyeing process was obtained. The results show that the optimized direct dyeing process is pH value 4. 5, dyeing at 90 °C for 60 min, the color of dyed fabric various with metal ions. In comparison, the fabric post-mordant dyeing with ferrous sulfate exhibits the higher color depth and better color fastness.

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