scholarly journals Assessment of the Decomposition of Oxo- and Biodegradable Packaging Using FTIR Spectroscopy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6449
Author(s):  
Florentyna Markowicz ◽  
Agata Szymańska-Pulikowska
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
Industrial Composting

The strength and resistance of plastics at the end of their service life can hinder their degradation. The solution to this problem may be materials made of biodegradable and oxo-biodegradable plastics. The aim of this research was to determine the degree and nature of changes in the composition and structure of composted biodegradable and oxo-biodegradable bags. The research involved shopping bags and waste bags available on the Polish market. The composting of the samples was conducted in an industrial composting plant. As a result of the research, only some of the composted samples decomposed. After composting, all samples were analysed using FTIR (Fourier Transformation Infrared) spectroscopy. Carbonyl index and hierarchical cluster analysis method was used to detect similarities between the spectra of the new samples. The analysis of the obtained results showed that FTIR spectroscopy is a method that can be used to confirm the degradation and detect similarities in the structure of the analysed materials. The analysis of spectra obtained with the use of FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of compounds that may be a potential source of compost contamination. Plastics with certificates confirming their biodegradability and compostability should be completely biodegradable, i.e., each element used in their production should be biodegradable and safe for the environment.

scholarly journals Detection of drought events in Greece using daily precipitation

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kalamaras ◽  
H. Michalopoulou ◽  
H. R. Byun
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
Insight Into

In this study a method proposed by Byun & Wilhite, which estimates drought severity and duration using daily precipitation values, is applied to data from stations at different locations in Greece. Subsequently, a series of indices is calculated to facilitate the detection of drought events at these sites. The results provide insight into the trend of drought severity in the region. In addition, the seasonal distribution of days with moderate and severe drought is examined. Finally, the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis method is used to identify sites with similar drought features.

Evaluation Research on Agricultural Informatization Level in Tropical Areas of China Based on Entropy Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 280-285
Author(s):  
Lu Ye ◽  
Yu Ping Li ◽  
Xiao Li Qin ◽  
Yan Qun Liu ◽  
Wei Hong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Information Industry ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
Influence Degree ◽  
Research Situation

Based on construction and research situation of agricultural informatization in tropical areas of China, through building two-level evaluation index system of agricultural informatization level, agricultural informatization level in tropical areas of China was quantitatively calculated by entropy method, and main provinces in tropical areas of China were classified according to agricultural informatization level by hierarchical cluster analysis method. The results show that influence degree of agricultural informatization index from big to small in turn is information infrastructure, information resources, information talent, and information industry, and agricultural informatization of Eastern coastal in tropical areas of China develops more rapidly than Midwest. At last suggestions to promote agricultural informatization in tropical areas of China are put forward.

scholarly journals Common Behaviors of Spinor-Type Instantons in 2D Thirring and 4D Gursey Fermionic Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Aydogmus ◽  
Eren Tosyali
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Vector Field ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Classical Field ◽  
Pure Spinor ◽  
Conformal Invariant ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
Different Dimensions

We investigate two examples of conformal invariant pure spinor fermionic models, which admit particle-like solutions of the classical field equations. For different dimensions and quantum spinor numbers, the vector field visualizations of the models are constructed to provide a better understanding of the spinor-type instanton dynamics in phase space. The hierarchical cluster analysis method investigations of the models are also presented. Finally, the autocorrelation and power spectrum graphs of models are constructed and frequencies of motions are defined.

IMAGE THRESHOLDING BASED ON HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING ANALYSIS AND PERCENTILE METHOD FOR TUNA IMAGE SEGMENTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alifia Puspaningrum ◽  
Nahya Nur ◽  
Ozzy Secio Riza ◽  
Agus Zainal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Gabor Filter ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Percentile Method ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
2D Gabor Filter

Automatic classification of tuna image needs a good segmentation as a main process. Tuna image is taken with textural background and the tuna’s shadow behind the object. This paper proposed a new weighted thresholding method for tuna image segmentation which adapts hierarchical clustering analysisand percentile method. The proposed method considering all part of the image and the several part of the image. It will be used to estimate the object which the proportion has been known. To detect the edge of tuna images, 2D Gabor filter has been implemented to the image. The result image then threshold which the value has been calculated by using HCA and percentile method. The mathematical morphologies are applied into threshold image. In the experimental result, the proposed method can improve the accuracy value up to 20.04%, sensitivity value up to 29.94%, and specificity value up to 17,23% compared to HCA. The result shows that the proposed method cansegment tuna images well and more accurate than hierarchical cluster analysis method.

scholarly journals A Novel Analysis Method for Evaluating the Interplay of Oxygen and Ionizing Radiation at the Gene Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Jansen ◽  
Patricia Vieten ◽  
Francesca Pagliari ◽  
Rachel Hanley ◽  
Maria Grazia Marafioti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
The Impact

Whilst the impact of hypoxia and ionizing radiations on gene expression is well-understood, the interplay of these two effects is not. To better investigate this aspect at the gene level human bladder, brain, lung and prostate cancer cell lines were irradiated with photons (6 Gy, 6 MV LINAC) in hypoxic and normoxic conditions and prepared for the whole genome analysis at 72 h post-irradiation. The analysis was performed on the obtained 20,000 genes per cell line using PCA and hierarchical cluster algorithms to extract the most dominant genes altered by radiation and hypoxia. With the help of the introduced novel radiation-in-hypoxia and oxygen-impact profiles, it was possible to overcome cell line specific gene regulation patterns. Based on that, 37 genes were found to be consistently regulated over all studied cell lines. All DNA-repair related genes were down-regulated after irradiation, independently of the oxygen state. Cell cycle-dependent genes showed up-regulation consistent with an observed change in cell population in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle after irradiation. Genes behaving oppositely in their regulation behavior when changing the oxygen concentration and being irradiated, were immunoresponse and inflammation related genes. The novel analysis method, and by consequence, the results presented here have shown how it is important to consider the two effects together (oxygen and radiation) when analyzing gene response upon cancer radiation treatment. This approach might help to unrevel new gene patterns responsible for cancer radioresistance in patients.

Cluster Analysis Using N-gram Statistics for Daihinmin Programs and Performance Evaluations

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya Okubo ◽  
Takaaki Ayabe ◽  
Tetsuro Nishino
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Computer Experiments ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
N Gram ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Feature Values

In this paper, the authors elucidate the characteristics of the computer game Daihinmin, a popular Japanese card game that uses imperfect information. They first propose a method to extract feature values using n-gram statistics and a cluster analysis method that employs feature values. By representing the program card hands as several symbols, and the order of hands as simplified symbol strings, they obtain data that is suitable for feature extraction. The authors then evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method through computer experiments. In these experiments, they apply their method to ten programs that were used in the UEC Computer Daihinmin Convention. In addition, the authors evaluate the robustness of the proposed method and apply it to recent programs. Finally, they show that their proposed method can successfully cluster Daihinmin programs with high probability.

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