Pilot Scale Production of Precast Concrete Elements with Wood Biomass Ash

Downsizing fossil fuel dependence and greenhouse gas emissions is at the forefront of a sustainable future. The expansion of renewable energy while striving to minimize dependence on fossil fuels has led to biomass taking the lead among renewable energy sources, with wood having the broadest application. Along with the growing trend of using biomass as a renewable energy source, the combustion of wood biomass results in wood biomass ash (WBA), leading to compelling amounts of waste. In this study, the technical feasibility of fly WBA from different Croatian power plants was analyzed to evaluate its potential use in precast concrete drainage elements and curb units. By implementing a performance-based design, the influence of various factors in thermal processing of wood biomass was investigated, together with a detailed characterization of WBA in order to assess the feasibility of using WBA as a secondary raw material in a large-scale industrial batching plant. The compressive strength and durability properties (water absorption, permeability, and freeze–thaw resistance) of concrete mixtures with WBA as a replacement for 15 wt% cement were evaluated and compared with the precast concrete manufacturer’s technical requirements. The main concerns identified were compositional inconsistency of WBA, workability downturn, delay in initial reactivity rate, and increased water absorption. Concrete with WBA based on a circular design has been found to be a viable solution to cement depletion, stepping up from recycling to reuse of industrial waste.

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Potential of Using Wood Biomass Ash in Low-Strength Composites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1250

Author(s):

Ana Baričević ◽

Ivana Carević ◽

Jelena Šantek Bajto ◽

Nina Štirmer ◽

Marija Bezinović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Power Plants ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Setting Time ◽

The European Union ◽

Wood Biomass ◽

Biomass Ash ◽

Hydraulic Lime ◽

Volume Stability

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels is the cornerstone of all European climate and energy strategies. Consequently, renewable energy sources are becoming more competitive with fossil fuels. The largest source of bioenergy in the European Union is biomass-fired power plants. Therefore, the European coal phase-out strategy led to an increased use of wood biomass as a sustainable fuel, generating large amounts of wood biomass ash (WBA). In the research studies reported so far, WBA has been mainly used in cementitious composites. However, given the similarities between the chemical composition of WBA and hydraulic lime (HL), this research focused on its potential classification as a building lime. Overall, three different sources of fly WBA were considered for the preparation of binders as mixtures of WBA and coal fly ash (CFA) in different ratios. The contribution of each binder mixture on the paste and mortar properties was analyzed based on the chemical composition, setting time, volume stability, and contribution to the mortar strength (compressive and flexural). In general, it can be concluded that the studied binders can meet the criteria of EN 459-1. However, special attention should be paid to the volume deformations and the setting time.

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The application of biomass ashes in sewage sludge management – a SWOT analysis

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184400196 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 00196

Author(s):

Marta Wójcik ◽

Feliks Stachowicz

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Power Plants ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Biomass Combustion ◽

Biomass Ash ◽

Sludge Management ◽

Sewage Sludge Management ◽

By Products

Biomass plays an important role amongst renewable energy sources and for this reason, it is sometimes called as “future fuel”. According to different statistics, the share of biomass in renewable energy production is in excess of 50% and rising. The main disadvantage of biomass combustion in power plants is the production of combustion by-products, namely fly and bottom ash. In line with the sustainable development and waste hierarchy, biomass combustion by-products should be managed in different sectors of economy. Due to the specific properties, biomass ash might be applied as an effective reagent in sewage sludge management. This article shows the SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) associated with the use of biomass combustion by-products in sewage sludge treatment. The presented analysis could constitute the initial stage in implementation of new method in a big way in treatment plants.

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Analyzing Trade in Continuous Intra-Day Electricity Market: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3860

Author(s):

Priyanka Shinde ◽

Ioannis Boukas ◽

David Radu ◽

Miguel Manuel de Manuel de Villena ◽

Mikael Amelin

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Electricity Market ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Agent Based Modeling ◽

Market Liquidity ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Modeling Framework ◽

Agent Based

In recent years, the vast penetration of renewable energy sources has introduced a large degree of uncertainty into the power system, thus leading to increased trading activity in the continuous intra-day electricity market. In this paper, we propose an agent-based modeling framework to analyze the behavior and the interactions between renewable energy sources, consumers and thermal power plants in the European Continuous Intra-day (CID) market. Additionally, we propose a novel adaptive trading strategy that can be used by the agents that participate in CID market. The agents learn how to adapt their behavior according to the arrival of new information and how to react to changing market conditions by updating their willingness to trade. A comparative analysis was performed to study the behavior of agents when they adopt the proposed strategy as opposed to other benchmark strategies. The effects of unexpected outages and information asymmetry on the market evolution and the market liquidity were also investigated.

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Portfolio optimization of power plants by using renewable energy in Iran

International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies ◽

10.1093/ijlct/ctaa079 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seyedeh Asra Ahmadi ◽

Seyed Mojtaba Mirlohi ◽

Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽

Majid Ameri

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Portfolio Optimization ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Modern Society ◽

Sustainable Growth ◽

Electricity Sector ◽

Capital Costs

Abstract Lack of investment in the electricity sector has created a huge bottleneck in the continuous flow of energy in the market, and this will create many problems for the sustainable growth and development of modern society. The main reason for this lack of investment is the investment risk in the electricity sector. One way to reduce portfolio risk is to diversify it. This study applies the concept of portfolio optimization to demonstrate the potential for greater use of renewable energy, which reduces the risk of investing in the electricity sector. Besides, it shows that investing in renewable energies can offset the risk associated with the total input costs. These costs stem from the volatility of associated prices, including fossil fuel, capital costs, maintenance, operation and environmental costs. This case study shows that Iran can theoretically supply ~33% of its electricity demand from renewable energy sources compared to its current 15% share. This case study confirms this finding and predicts that Iran, while reducing the risk of investing in electricity supply, can achieve a renewable energy supply of ~9% with an average increase in supply costs. Sensitivity analysis further shows that with a 10% change in input cost factors, the percentage of renewable energy supply is only partially affected, but basket costs change according to the scenario of 5–32%. Finally, suggestions are made that minimize risk rather than cost, which will bring about an increase in renewable energy supply.

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Power Cycles of Generation III and III+ Nuclear Power Plants

Volume 5: Innovative Nuclear Power Plant Design and New Technology Application; Student Paper Competition ◽

10.1115/icone22-30151 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexey Dragunov ◽

Eugene Saltanov ◽

Igor Pioro ◽

Pavel Kirillov ◽

Romney Duffey

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Thermal Power Plants

It is well known that the electrical-power generation is the key factor for advances in any other industries, agriculture and level of living. In general, electrical energy can be generated by: 1) non-renewable-energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear; and 2) renewable-energy sources such as hydro, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and marine. However, the main sources for electrical-energy generation are: 1) thermal - primary coal and secondary natural gas; 2) “large” hydro and 3) nuclear. The rest of the energy sources might have visible impact just in some countries. Modern advanced thermal power plants have reached very high thermal efficiencies (55–62%). In spite of that they are still the largest emitters of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Due to that, reliable non-fossil-fuel energy generation, such as nuclear power, becomes more and more attractive. However, current Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are way behind by thermal efficiency (30–42%) compared to that of advanced thermal power plants. Therefore, it is important to consider various ways to enhance thermal efficiency of NPPs. The paper presents comparison of thermodynamic cycles and layouts of modern NPPs and discusses ways to improve their thermal efficiencies.

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Kazakhstan: Assessment of Renewable Energy Support and a Green Economy

Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism ◽

10.14505//jemt.v12.3(51).03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 631

Author(s):

Sergey BESPALYY

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

The State ◽

Green Economy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) shows the desire of the government of Kazakhstan to meet challenges that affect the welfare and development of the state. National targets, government programs, policies influence renewable energy strategies. In the future, renewable energy technologies will act as sources of a green economy and sustainable economic growth. The state policy in the field of energy in Kazakhstan is aimed at improving the conditions for the development and support of renewable energy sources, amendments are being made to provide for the holding of auctions for new RES projects, which replaces the previously existing system of fixed tariffs. It is expected that the costs of traditional power plants for the purchase of renewable energy will skyrocket, provided that the goals in the field of renewable generation are achieved. This article provides an assessment of international experience in supporting renewable energy sources, as well as analyzes the current situation in the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and the impact on sustainable development and popularization of the «green» economy. The study shows that by supporting the development of renewable energy sources, economic growth is possible, which is achieved in an environmentally sustainable way.

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Performance Comparative Analysis of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Single Diode Solar Panel Models using the Five Parameters Method

Frontier Energy System and Power Engineering ◽

10.17977/um049v1i1p14-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Rizal Akbarudin Rahman ◽

Aripriharta Aripriharta ◽

Hari Putranto

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Input Data ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Panel Models ◽

The Cost ◽

Module Performance

The use of renewable energy as a source of electrical energyincreases every year. Unfortunately, Indonesia does not have manypower plants that utilize renewable energy sources. The mostpotential renewable energy in Indonesia is the sunlight with the helpof solar panels that converts solar energy into electrical energy.However, the environment could affect the solar panel module andin turn, affect the performance of solar panels or the generatedelectric energy. This research calculated the performance of solarpanels with a single-diode model using the Five Parameters methodthat required solar panel module specification data, the totalradiation absorbed by the solar panel module, and the temperatureof the environment. The Five Parameters method is a methodmodeled after solar panel module performance in the form of thesingle-diode equivalent circuit. The Five Parameters method isreliable in predicting the energy produced by the solar panels whenthe input data is limited. The results for using the Five Parametersin monocrystalline solar panels were Isc = 1.827 A, Imp = 0.662 A,Voc = 18.221 V, Vmp = 15.019 V, Pmp = 9.955 W. And the results inpolycrystalline solar panels were Isc = 1.926 A, Imp = 0.686 A, Voc =17.594 V, Vmp = 14.166 V, Pmp = 9.722 W. Based on the results; itwas concluded that the most efficient and optimised types of solarpanels on natural conditions in Sendang Biru Beach was themonocrystalline solar panel because it produced electrical outputpower of 9.955 W. Therefore, there could be a manufacturer ofsolar energy power plants to reduce the cost of electricity in thecoastal area, such as in Sendang Biru Beach.

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IMPACT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS ON THE OVERALL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Contemporary Materials ◽

10.7251/comen1302094k ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandra Kanevče ◽

Igor Tomovski ◽

Ljubčo Kocarev

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Electric Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electric Power System ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Republic Of Macedonia ◽

Photovoltaic Power ◽

The Republic

In this paper we analyze the impact of the renewable energy sources on the overall electric power system of the Republic of Macedonia. Specifically, the effect of the photovoltaic power plants is examined. For this purpose we developed an electricity production optimization model, based on standard network flow model. The renewable energy sources are included in the model of Macedonia based on hourly meteorological data. Electricity producers that exist in 2012 are included in the base scenario. Two more characteristic years are analyzed, i.e. 2015 and 2020. The electricity producers planned to be constructed in these two years (which include the renewable energy sources) are also included. The results show that the renewable energy sources introduce imbalance in the system when the minimum electricity production is higher than the electricity required by the consumers. But, in these critical situations the production from photovoltaic energy sources is zero, which means that they produce electricity during the peak load, and do not produce when the consumption is at minimum.

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Improvement of turbogenerators as a technical basis for ensuring the energy independence of Ukraine

Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics ◽

10.20998/2074-272x.2021.4.03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-30

Author(s):

V. V. Shevchenko ◽

A. N. Minko ◽

M. Dimov

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Electric Power ◽

Energy Security ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electric Power Industry ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The World ◽

Energy Independence

The paper defines the directions of improving turbogenerators as the basis for ensuring the energy independence of Ukraine. The analysis of the state, problems and prospects for the development of modern electric power industry. Goal of the work is to identify promising directions for sustainable development of the national electric power industry in order to ensure energy security of Ukraine, to conduct a comparative analysis of electricity sources, to confirm the need to improve the main sources – turbogenerators. Methodology. During the research, an analytical analysis of the electricity sources, which are installed at power plants in Ukraine and the world, was carried out, taking into account the growth of the planet's population and its energy activity. Cyclic theory was chosen as the theoretical basis for forecasting. On the basis of this theory, global development trends, advantages and disadvantages of currently used sources of electricity - thermal (including nuclear) power plants and stations that operate from renewable energy sources - have been established. A review of literary sources on the methods of the energy sector forecasting the development, including the development of the energy sector in Ukraine, has been carried out. Originality. It has been established that due to the active growth of the planet's population, with the increase in its energy activity, obtaining electricity from renewable energy sources is not enough, that for the next 20-30 years nuclear power plants will be the main sources of electricity. The internal and external threats to the energy security of Ukraine, directions of development of turbogenerator construction, ways to improve turbogenerators, to increase their energy efficiency, power per unit of performance, to increase the readiness and maneuverability factors, and overload capacity have been identified. Practical significance. The need to continue the modernization and improvement of the turbogenerators of nuclear power plant units, as the main sources of electricity, has been proved. The directions of their improvement are established: increasing the power in the established sizes, making changes to the design of the turbogenerators inactive elements, replacing the cooling agent to keep Ukrainian turbogenerators at the world level, improving auxiliary systems, improving and increasing the reliability of the excitation system, introduction of automatic systems for monitoring the state turbogenerators. Possible limits of use, advantages, disadvantages and problems of using renewable energy sources for Ukraine have been established.

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Modern Trends in the Development of Renewable Energy: the Experience of the EU and Leading Countries of the World

Mechanism of an economic regulation ◽

10.21272/mer.2020.89.09 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 117-133

Author(s):

L.Hr. Melnyk ◽

O.N. Derykolenko ◽

Yu.O. Mazin ◽

O.I. Matsenko ◽

V.S. Piven

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Global Economy ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

The World ◽

The Eu

Energy security and independence is one of the key points in sustainable development. In modern conditions of rapid growth and development of technologies, more and more attention is paid to finding practical solutions for environmentally friendly and inexpensive energy production. For a long time, scientists from various fields of scientific activity around the world have been engaged in the development and use of alternative energy sources. The share of renewable energy sources in the generation of electricity around the world is growing steadily, which indicates an increase in the use of energy obtained from alternative sources, such as, for example, wind and sun. These trends testify to the desire of consumers to abandon the use of fossil energy sources and nuclear power plants as much as possible in order to ensure further sister development. Under the current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for electricity worldwide has decreased, however, as the study shows, this pandemic has not affected the development of renewable energy. The article analyzes modern trends in the development of renewable energy, taking into account the experience of the EU countries and leading countries of the world in this area. As a result, it was concluded that in modern conditions, to achieve sustainable development, transformation processes are needed in such an important area as energy. Various processes in the global economy, which contributed to the intensive development of alternative energy sources, served as a powerful impetus for such changes. Many countries have made significant progress in the development of renewable energy.

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