scholarly journals Interlaboratory Comparison as a Source of Information for the Product Evaluation Process. Case Study of Ceramic Tiles Adhesives

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Cristina Stancu ◽  
Jacek Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Constant Quality ◽  
Tensile Adhesion

In this study, the results obtained by 19 laboratories participating in 2 editions of the interlaboratory comparison (ILC) determining 2 properties of ceramic tiles adhesives (CTAs), i.e., initial tensile adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength after water immersion following EN 12004, were analyzed. The results show that participating laboratories maintain a constant quality of their work. The use of z-score analysis, under ISO 13528, allows for classifying 89.5% to 100% of laboratories as satisfactory, depending on the measurement’s kind and edition. The remaining laboratories are classified as questionable. The investigation of the predominant mode of failure of the CTA’s samples tested in the two editions shows significant differences. From the perspective of laboratories, the goal of the ILC has been achieved. From the standpoint of a manufacturer who evaluates a product’s properties when placing it on the market, the results indicate the necessity of a particular treatment of the product evaluation process because the variability of the obtained results is significant. It increases the possibility of the product failing to meet the assessment criteria verified by the construction market supervision authorities. The manufacturer must consider all possible variations in the risk analysis, including the ILC results, to improve the assessment process of CTAs.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Constancy of Performance of Cementitious Adhesives for Ceramic Tiles: Analysis of the Test Results Commissioned by Polish Market Surveillance Authorities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6561
Author(s):  
Mateusz Łukasik ◽  
Bartosz Michałowski ◽  
Jacek Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Market Surveillance ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Open Time ◽  
Construction Supervision ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Rule Method ◽  
Tensile Adhesion

Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) is a complex process. Without it, the manufacturer cannot mark the product with the Conformitè Europëenne (CE) marking and place it on the EU market. The verification of the correctness of the AVCP is carried out by market surveillance. In Poland, supervision authorities regularly check manufacturers by collecting construction products that exist on the market for inspection. Among the dry-mix mortars, adhesives for ceramic tiles (CTA) constitute an essential group. The requirements for CTAs are specified in EN 12004. According to the standard, the basic characteristics of cementitious CTAs are tensile adhesion strength and open time. The adhesion measurements are performed after various laboratory conditions tests. The study analyzes the results obtained for 129 samples of cementitious CTAs, collected between the years 2016 and 2019 from the market, and tested in notified laboratories at the request of Polish construction supervision authorities. Many tested products did not meet the threshold values, which resulted in removing them from the market. The paper discusses the complexity of the tensile adhesion strength measurement. The obtained test results are considered in various dimensions, including using the simple acceptance rule method when evaluating the results, which does not consider the measurement uncertainty.

Effect of the Conservation Treatment of Historical Ceramic Tiles on the Tensile Adhesion Strength

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Ariana Russo ◽  
Maria Rosário Veiga ◽  
Maria Fátima Vaz ◽  
Ana Paula Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Tensile Adhesion

Developing an Effective Framework for the Augmentative and Alternative Communication Evaluation Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste R. Helling ◽  
Jamila Minga
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Expressive Communication ◽  
Communication Evaluation ◽  
Communication Needs

A comprehensive augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation is critical to providing a viable means of expressive communication for nonverbal people with complex communication needs. Although a number of diagnostic tools are available to assist AAC practitioners with the assessment process, there is a need to tailor the evaluation process to the specific communication needs of the AAC user. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for developing an effective and clinically driven framework for approaching a user-tailored AAC evaluation process.

Application of Automobile Modelling Optimization Design Based on Virtual Reality Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
C. B. Sivaparthipan ◽  
Ivan Sanz-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Automobile Design

Automobile architecture is a crucial phase in the process of design. The model assessment process in the hybrid vehicle modeling assessment becomes more in-depth, and designers exchange ideas. The critical aspect of automotive modeling is that various models have varying views on vehicle styling. The evaluation process is long, complicated, and efficient in automotive simulation. The evaluation process takes time. Therefore, in the paper, an Automobile Modelling Optimization Design Based on Virtual Reality Technology (AMOD-VRT) is proposed to improve automobile modeling and design research to be more interactive. Computational Design Method is used to create and design the entire vehicle as well as its surrounding environment. An Integrated Virtual Analysis can enclose the models mentioned above and create a virtual environment in which the user can interact to design a model virtually by themselves. The paper provides complete virtual design modeling of an automobile, allowing the user to work more efficiently based on the results. By applying virtual reality technology in the automobile design phase, interactive and network-based remote research on automobile modeling can make the automobile design progression more appropriate, easier to communicate with designers and decrease automobile design’s development cost and cycle. The simulation analysis is performed based on safety, performance, and efficiency, proving the reliability of the proposed framework. Various parameters obtain the simulation results on automobile design as the automobile vehicle design performance ratio is 87.16%, increasing the visual effects in AMOD ratio is 88.77%, improving visual effects with optimized design ratio is 84.5%, interaction and collaboration of automobile modeling ratio are 82.26% and reduce vehicles accident using virtual reality ratio is 93.80%. The computer-based virtual reality technology in the automotive industry can effectively accelerate new product development in the future.

scholarly journals EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN NO. 12 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG TUNTUTAN PENGELOLAAN KURIKULUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dwi Deswary
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Process Learning ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This study aims to determine (1) The results of the input evaluation; (2) The results of the evaluation process; and (3) The results of the product evaluation on the policy implementation of Act 12 of the year 2012 on the Program Study of Education Management, Postgraduate Program, University State of Jakarta (UNJ). The research method was a qualitative evaluation approach. Data collected by conducting an analysis of document-based curriculum KKNI to determine the success of the implementation by stages conducted at Postgraduate Program Study of Education Management. The data were analysed descriptively and meaning on any research findings conducted qualitatively. Stages of meaning carried out through the following stages: (1) Data Collection; (2) Data Reduction; and (3) Data Display. Based on the results of input evaluation which performed on the curriculum document, known that the preparation Program Study based on curriculum KKNI of Education Management Postgraduate Program is equipped with a clear legal basis, the formulation of goals and objectives. In the aspect of supporting resources for curriculum development, Progam Study has form data analysis of curriculum results, planned programs and implementation strategies. In the process, learning strategies are divided into two approaches, namely direct and indirect approaches. In evaluating, the results are more geared towards the achievement of the program on implementation of policies based on curriculum KKNI in Postgraduate Program Study of Education Management by a predetermined time phase, namely the achievement during the short-term period (1 to 2 years).

scholarly journals The Information Technology & Communication and University Evaluation Indicators in Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Antonio Cardona Rodríguez ◽  
Miren Barrenetxea Ayesta
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Ict In Education ◽  
Institutional Evaluation ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
University Evaluation ◽  
Technology And Communication ◽  
The University

Since all institutions are reaffirming the importance of Information Technology and Communication (ICT) in education, but did you have this in mind when evaluating universities, Is reflected in the indicators for evaluation In Spain, as in other neighboring countries, universities are undergoing an institutional evaluation process. The catalog of indicators is a fundamental part of the assessment process. This paper is a brief analysis of the catalog of indicators proposed by the University Coordination Council in relation to its ability to measure the incorporation of ICT in universities.

Measures to combat money laundering and terrorist financing in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murrar Firas
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Terrorist Financing ◽  
Mutual Evaluation ◽  
Combat Money Laundering

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) procedures in Palestine since 2004 in accordance with the standards issued by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). Design/methodology/approach This study is qualitative in nature and involves studying the most important improvements made by Palestinian authorities in the state’s legislative and institutional frameworks to enhance the AML/CFT regime. Findings Palestine has established the necessary legal basis to combat money laundering and terrorist financing crimes. At the institutional level, the Financial Follow-up Unit was granted all the required powers of Financial Intelligence Units. The National Committee for Combating Money Laundering and Financing Terrorism has also played a vital role in issuing policies and plans to respond to the outcomes of the National Risk Assessment process. In contrast, a number of challenges still exist mainly with respect to the political factors and their expected consequences on the process of preparing for and conducting the mutual evaluation process for Palestine. Originality/value This study focusses on the AML/CFT efforts in Palestine owing to the nature and specificity of the Palestinian situation, as Palestine’s AML/CFT procedures have not been subject to any previous mutual evaluation process by the MENAFATF. Such efforts have rarely addressed the Palestinian case, making this study important to researchers and those interested in this field.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Adhesion Failure between Waterproof Coatings and Terrace Tiles under Usage Loads

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Barbara Francke ◽  
Artur Piekarczuk
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Adhesive Layers ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Adhesion Failure ◽  
Functional Factors ◽  
Tensile Adhesion ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyses the mechanism of the loss of functional properties of water-impermeable products used under ceramic tiles bonded with adhesives. Recorded damages were caused by selected ageing factors and were measured by the loss of adhesion of individual layers of the set. The analyzed phenomenon is found mainly on terraces and balconies located in a mid-European transitional climate, i.e., exposed to temperatures passing through 0 °C for three seasons a year. The tests reflected the action of three main functional factors, i.e., temperatures, water and freeze/thaw cycles. Tested waterproof coatings were grouped into three types, i.e., dispersion, cementitious and reaction resin-based products. Research kits consisted of liquid-applied water-impermeable products laid on a concrete substrate, adhesives and tiles. Comparing the effects of the action of the above-mentioned ageing factors revealed that water has the greatest impact on the reduction of the tensile adhesion strength of such sets. The adhesion of waterproof coatings to the concrete substrate showed higher values than the adhesion between the waterproof coating and the tile adhesive layers, regardless of the coating material. Both for samples not exposed to ageing factors, and for those exposed to such impacts, failure usually occurred in the adhesive layer or between the tile adhesive and the waterproof coating, without damaging the waterproof layer. The loss of adhesion of finishing layers to the substrate was not accompanied by a loss of tightness of the waterproof coating. The impact of negative water ageing was particularly destructive on the adhesion of cement-based tile adhesives to waterproof coatings made of polymer with a water dispersion of absorbability above 7% (V/V). There was no correlation among the results of adhesion of the finishing layers to the waterproofing layer after the action of the three ageing factors, i.e., water contact, elevated temperature and freeze/thaw cycles.

Consumer Comprehension of OTC Medication Labels and the Scope for Improvement in Font Size

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanya Murty ◽  
Sujit S Sansgiry
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Univariate Anova

Background: On March 17, 1999, the FDA mandated a new standardized format called “Drug Facts” and a minimum font size of 6 points for the labeling of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Yet, some text legibility studies report consumer preference for font sizes of at least 10 points. The possibility therefore exists that the minimum font size mandated by the FDA might be too small for certain consumers to read. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 3 labeling formats—old, new, and simulated labels (SLs)—using the OTC medication Label Evaluation Process Model (LEPM). Methods: A within-subjects experimental design was used. SLs designed for this study contained similar information as the new labels plus a larger font size. English-speaking consumers viewed these label formats and completed a questionnaire that requested consumer demographic information and measured their responses on 5 domains of the LEPM: ease of use, product knowledge, attitude toward product label, product evaluation, and purchase intention. These 5 domains were the dependent variables for this study. The independent variable was the label format. Data were analyzed using the SAS 9.1 software. A multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a univariate ANOVA determined the effect of label format on the dependent variables. Results: Each label format differed significantly from the others in terms of ease of use, attitude, product evaluation, and purchase intention, with the highest mean scores reported for SLs. SLs were the only label format that significantly improved consumers' product knowledge. Conclusions: Although the new standardized OTC labels are an improvement from the old unstandardized label format, there is a need for further improvement in OTC medication labeling, especially regarding the font size on these labels.

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