scholarly journals FEM Simulation of the Riveting Process and Structural Analysis of Low-Carbon Steel Tubular Rivets Fracture

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Jan Jasinski ◽  
Michal Tagowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Explicit Integration

Riveted joints are a common way to connect elements and subassemblies in the automotive industry. In the assembly process, tubular rivets are loaded axially with ca. 3 kN forces, and these loads can cause cracks and delamination in the rivet material. Such effects at the quality control stage disqualify the product in further assembly process. The article presents an analysis of the fracture mechanism of E215 low-carbon steel tubular rivets used to join modules of driver and passenger safety systems (airbags) in vehicles. Finite element method (FEM) simulation and material testing were used to verify the stresses and analysis of the rivet fracture. Numerical tests determined the state of stress during rivet forming using the FEM-EA method based on the explicit integration of central differences. Light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition analysis (SEM-EDS) were performed to investigate the microstructure of the rivet material and to analyze the cracks. Results showed that the cause of rivet cracking is the accumulation and exceeding of critical tensile stresses in the rivet flange during the tube processing and the final riveting (forming) process. Moreover, it was discovered that rivet fracture is largely caused by structural defects (tertiary cementite Fe,Mn3CIII along the boundaries of prior austenite grains) in the material resulting from the incorrectly selected parameters of the final heat treatment of the prefabricate (tube) from which the rivet was produced. The FEM simulation of the riveting and structural characterization results correlated well, so the rivet forming process and fracture mechanism could be fully investigated.

Measurement and Calculation of Elastic Properties in Low Carbon Steel Sheet

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1591-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Luzin ◽  
S. Banovic ◽  
Thomas Gnäupel-Herold ◽  
Henry Prask ◽  
R.E. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Elastic Property ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Steel Sheet

Low carbon steel (usually in sheet form) has found a wide range of applications in industry due to its high formability. The inner and outer panels of a car body are good examples of such an implementation. While low carbon steel has been used in this application for many decades, a reliable predictive capability of the forming process and “springback” has still not been achieved. NIST has been involved in addressing this and other formability problems for several years. In this paper, texture produced by the in-plane straining and its relationship to springback is reported. Low carbon steel sheet was examined in the as-received condition and after balanced biaxial straining to 25%. This was performed using the Marciniak in-plane stretching test. Both experimental measurements and numerical calculations have been utilized to evaluate anisotropy and evolution of the elastic properties during forming. We employ several techniques for elastic property measurements (dynamic mechanical analysis, static four point bending, mechanical resonance frequency measurements), and several calculation schemes (orientation distribution function averaging, finite element analysis) which are based on texture measurements (neutron diffraction, electron back scattering diffraction). The following objectives are pursued: a) To test a range of different experimental techniques for elastic property measurements in sheet metals; b) To validate numerical calculation methods of the elastic properties by experiments; c) To evaluate elastic property changes (and texture development) during biaxial straining. On the basis of the investigation, recommendations are made for the evaluation of elastic properties in textured sheet metal.

Microstructure Integrated Modeling of Multiscan Laser Forming

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Y. Lawrence Yao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Forming ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Laser forming of steel is a hot forming process with high heating and cooling rate, during which strain hardening, dynamic recrystallization, and phase transformation take place. Numerical models considering strain rate and temperature effects only usually give unsatisfactory results when applied to multiscan laser forming operations. This is mainly due to the inadequate constitutive models employed to describe the hot flow behavior. In this work, this limitation is overcome by considering the effects of microstructure change on the flow stress in laser forming processes of low carbon steel. The incorporation of such flow stress models with thermal mechanical FEM simulation increases numerical model accuracy in predicting geometry change and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Impact of Cold-Rolling and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Treated Low Carbon Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Le Van Long ◽  
Dinh Van Hien ◽  
Nguyen Truong Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Chi Tho ◽  
Van Thom Do
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Good Ductility ◽  
Rolling Deformation

The low carbon steel has good ductility that is favorable for forming process, but its low strength leads to limiting their application for forced structures. This paper studied improving strength of low-carbon steel via rolling deformation and dual-phase treatment. The results showed that the dual-phase treated steel had a combination of high strength and good ductility; its tensile ultimate strength reached 740 MPa with elongation at fracture of over 15%, while that of the cold-rolled steel only reached 700 MPa with elongation at fracture of under 3%. Based on the obtained results, relationships between mechanical properties and dual-phase processing parameters were established to help users choose suitable-processing parameters according to requirements of products.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Experimental Study of Bimetal-Pipe Hydroforming

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Dezhi ◽  
Deng Kuanhai ◽  
Shi Taihe ◽  
Lin Yuanhua ◽  
Zhu Hongjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy

The corrosion of oil country tubular goods (OCTG) gets more and more serious especially in the acidic environment. So, it is very important to develop a perfect anticorrosion technology for exploring sour oil and gas fields economically and safely. Analysis indicates that the bimetal-pipe (BP) which consists of the base layer of low carbon steel and a corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) cladding layer is an economic and reliable anticorrosion technology and has broad application prospects in the transportation of acid medium. However, theoretical study of hydraulic expansion mechanism for BP is not enough. In this paper, the deformation compatibility condition of BP was obtained by studying the deformation rule of the (CRA) liner and the outer pipe of carbon steel in the forming process; the mechanical model which can compute the hydroforming pressure of BP has been established based on the nonlinear kinematic hardening characteristics of material; furthermore, based on the stress strain curve of inner pipe simultaneously, the calculation method of the plastic hardening stress has been proposed. Thus, the accurate method for computing the forming pressure was obtained. The experimental data show that results are consistent with results of the proposed model. It indicates that the model can be used to provide theoretical guidance for the design and production as well as use of BP.

Optimization of Diamond-Coated Drawing Dies for Low Carbon Steel Tubes Based on the FEM Simulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Chao Lin ◽  
Bin Shen ◽  
Fang Hong Sun ◽  
Z.M. Zhang ◽  
H.S. Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Diamond Coatings ◽  
Nonlinear Fem ◽  
Drawing Dies

Diamond-coated drawing dies are considered as ideal drawing dies for their unique characteristics, such as high hardness, wear resistance and low friction. In order to utilize the superior characteristics of diamond coatings towards improving the drawing performance, the nonlinear FEM simulation is used to simulate the whole low carbon steel tube hollow sinking process, with 2D axi-symmetric elastic-plastic element. Based on the simulation results, the distributions of the axial stress and radial stress are analyzed, the influence of parameters of drawing dies on the diameter shrinkage is investigated. Optimal die parameters are obtained.

Effects of Cr-Mo Infiltration Source Cathode Different Mixing Proportion on the Thickness of Alloy Layer

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 1006-1010
Author(s):  
Jing Chun Zhang ◽  
Jin Yong Xu ◽  
Yong Yong Deng ◽  
Ya Juan Liu ◽  
Cheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Plasma Surface ◽  
Microstructure Observation

Based on the plasma nitriding technique, the double glow plasma surface metallurgy (DG-PSM) technology was developed. This technology is also known as the Xu-Tec Process which utilizes solid metallic elements such as Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Ti, Al, Nb, Zr and their combinations to accomplish plasma surface alloying. Mo-Cr strengthened coating was prepared on the surface of low carbon steel Q235 by this technology. This coating is used to high wear resistant cold die LD steel. By experiment of the three different prescriptions in source cathode, the effect of source cathode composition on the coating has been studied. The technological parameters were as follows: The ratio of Mo and Cr were 2:1, 4:1 and 6:1. The work-piece material is Q235 low carbon steel. Holding time is 4h. Holding temperature 1050°C.Source cathode structure was threadiness. The consequences of composition analysis and microstructure observation results show that, most approaches the purpose of this research is the ratio of Mo and Cr is 6:1, and the alloyed layer has stronger adhesion with substrate.

scholarly journals Fatigue Fracture Mechanism of an Ion-nitrided Low Carbon Steel S 15 CK.

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (657) ◽  
pp. 899-905
Author(s):  
Takashi MAKISHI ◽  
Chobin MAKABE ◽  
Hideo KANESHIRO ◽  
Shinji TAMAKI
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Fatigue Fracture ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fatigue Fracture Mechanism

Fracture Mechanism of Thermomechanically Processed Low-Carbon Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Nurguyana D. Petrova ◽  
Afanasiy M. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Power Intensity ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Low Temperature Impact Toughness

The article deals with the fracture mechanism of thermomechanically processed low-carbon steel tested at low temperatures The low temperature impact toughness of the low-carbon Fe360 steel was defined in the initial (as delivered) state and after its combined treatment: quenching and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) as well as quenching, equal channel angular pressing, and annealing. It was stated that the combination of quenching and the equal channel angular pressing provided higher strength and led to increased resistance to brittle fracture. Post-deformation annealing, due to high ductility of the material, allows for higher values of impact toughness and power intensity of fracture.

Study for Rectangular Box Drawing of Segmented Variable Blank Holder Force

2009 ◽  
Vol 628-629 ◽  
pp. 523-528
Author(s):  
Xi Ning Li ◽  
Cheng Yu Jiang ◽  
Zhong Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Penalty Function Method ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Blank Holder Force ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Blank Holder ◽  
Drawing System

The sheet forming simulation of rectangular box was conducted by finite element method (FEM), the forming process experiment, further, was investigated, so as to understand the effect of the form of blank holder and the manner of blank holder force (BHF) on the complicated parts forming. In my study, a kind of low carbon steel was investigated, and its mechanical properties were obtained by simple tension tests. The outermost contour of the blank shape was determined by “one step method”. Furthermore, the finite element model was constructed by ANSYS parametric design language (APDL), which has characteristic of grid meshing by Belytschko-Tsay (BT) shell element, applying anisotropic constitutive equation of Barlat yield criterion, dealing contact by penalty function method and using adaptive mesh algorithm in the simulation process. Then the forming process simulation of rectangular box with segmented variable BHF was conducted. On the basis of analyzing the work principle and technical parameters of XP3CEF-100 hydraulic press, the rectangular box drawing system of segmented VBHF was established, which was made of hydraulic press, rectangular box drawing die of segmented blank holder, hydraulic part of blank holder and control part. Finally the low carbon steel forming tests were fulfilled by the rectangular box drawing system on the basis of the simulation result.

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