scholarly journals q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Competition Graphs with Application in the Soil Ecosystem

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Habib ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Adeel Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Edge Clique Cover ◽  
Competition Number

The q-rung orthopair fuzzy set is a powerful tool for depicting fuzziness and uncertainty, as compared to the Pythagorean fuzzy model. The aim of this paper is to present q-rung orthopair fuzzy competition graphs (q-ROFCGs) and their generalizations, including q-rung orthopair fuzzy k-competition graphs, p-competition q-rung orthopair fuzzy graphs and m-step q-rung orthopair fuzzy competition graphs with several important properties. The study proposes the novel concepts of q-rung orthopair fuzzy cliques and triangulated q-rung orthopair fuzzy graphs with real-life characterizations. In particular, the present work evolves the notion of competition number and m-step competition number of q-rung picture fuzzy graphs with algorithms and explores their bounds in connection with the size of the smallest q-rung orthopair fuzzy edge clique cover. In addition, an application is illustrated in the soil ecosystem with an algorithm to highlight the contributions of this research article in practical applications.

Representation of competitions by complex neutrosophic information

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 7881-7897
Author(s):  
Saba Siddique ◽  
Uzma Ahmad ◽  
Wardat us Salam ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Florentin Smarandache
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Minimal Graph ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Competition Graph ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Extended Approach ◽  
Generalized Complex ◽  
Neutrosophic Graph ◽  
Competition Number

The concept of generalized complex neutrosophic graph of type 1 is an extended approach of generalized neutrosophic graph of type 1. It is an effective model to handle inconsistent information of periodic nature. In this research article, we discuss certain notions, including isomorphism, competition graph, minimal graph and competition number corresponding to generalized complex neutrosophic graphs. Further, we describe these concepts by several examples and present some of their properties. Moreover, we analyze that a competition graph corresponding to a generalized complex neutrosophic graph can be represented by an adjacency matrix with suitable real life examples. Also, we enumerate the utility of generalized complex neutrosophic competition graphs for computing the strength of competition between the objects. Finally, we highlight the significance of our proposed model by comparative analysis with the already existing models.

scholarly journals Jaccard and Dice Similarity Measures Based on Novel Complex Dual Hesitant Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Ubaid Ur Rehman ◽  
Zeeshan Ali ◽  
Ronnason Chinram
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Hesitant Fuzzy Set ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dual Hesitant Fuzzy Set ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Operational Laws

Complex dual hesitant fuzzy set (CDHFS) is a combination of two modifications, called complex fuzzy set (CFS) and dual hesitant fuzzy set (DHFS). CDHFS makes two degrees, called membership valued and nonmembership valued in the form of a finite subset of a unit disc in the complex plane, and is a capable method to solve uncertain and unpredictable information in real-life problems. The goal of this study is to describe the notion of CDHFS and its operational laws. The novel approach of the complex interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy set (CIvDHFS) and its fundamental laws are also described and defended with the help of an example. Further, the vector similarity measures (VSMs), weighted vector similarity measures (WVSMs), hybrid vector similarity measure, and weighted hybrid vector similarity measure are additionally explored. These similarity measures (SM) are applied to the environment of pattern recognition and medical diagnosis to assess the capability and feasibility of the interpreted measures. We additionally solved some numerical examples utilizing the established measures. We examine the dependability and validity of the proposed measures by comparing them with some existing measures. The advantages, comparative analysis, and graphical portrayal of the investigated interpreted measures and existing measures are additionally described in detail.

scholarly journals Extension of competition graphs under complex fuzzy environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Aqsa Sattar ◽  
Faruk Karaaslan ◽  
Sovan Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Unit Circle ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Complex Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Phase Term

Abstract A complex fuzzy set (CFS) is a remarkable generalization of the fuzzy set in which membership function is restricted to take the values from the unit circle in the complex plane. A CFS is an efficient model to deal with uncertainties of human judgement in more comprehensive and logical way due to the presence of phase term. In this research article, we introduce the concept of competition graphs under complex fuzzy environment. Further, we present complex fuzzy k-competition graphs and p-competition complex fuzzy graphs. Moreover, we consider m-step complex fuzzy competition graphs, complex fuzzy neighborhood graphs (CFNGs), complex fuzzy economic competition graphs (CFECGs) and m-step complex fuzzy economic competition graphs with interesting properties. In addition, we describe an application in ecosystem of our proposed model. We also provide comparison of proposed competition graphs with existing graphs.

scholarly journals Spherical Fuzzy Graphs with Application to Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Danish Saleem ◽  
Talal Al-Hawary
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Picture Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Evaluation Information

In a network model, the evaluation information given by decision makers are occasionally of types: yes, abstain, no, and refusal. To deal with such problems, we use mathematical models based on picture fuzzy sets. The spherical fuzzy model is more versatile than the picture fuzzy model as it broadens the space of uncertain and vague information, due to its outstanding feature of vast space of participation of acceptable triplets. Graphs are a mathematical representation of networks. Thus to deal with many real-world phenomena represented by networks, spherical fuzzy graphs can be used to model different practical scenarios in a more flexible manner than picture fuzzy graphs. In this research article, we discuss two operations on spherical fuzzy graphs (SFGs), namely, symmetric difference and rejection; and develop some results regarding their degrees and total degrees. We describe certain concepts of irregular SFGs with several important properties. Further, we present an application of SFGs in decision making.

scholarly journals New Concepts of Picture Fuzzy Graphs with Application

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cen Zuo ◽  
Anita Pal ◽  
Arindam Dey
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Cartesian Product ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fuzzy Graph ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Strong Product ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Picture Fuzzy Set

The picture fuzzy set is an efficient mathematical model to deal with uncertain real life problems, in which a intuitionistic fuzzy set may fail to reveal satisfactory results. Picture fuzzy set is an extension of the classical fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set. It can work very efficiently in uncertain scenarios which involve more answers to these type: yes, no, abstain and refusal. In this paper, we introduce the idea of the picture fuzzy graph based on the picture fuzzy relation. Some types of picture fuzzy graph such as a regular picture fuzzy graph, strong picture fuzzy graph, complete picture fuzzy graph, and complement picture fuzzy graph are introduced and some properties are also described. The idea of an isomorphic picture fuzzy graph is also introduced in this paper. We also define six operations such as Cartesian product, composition, join, direct product, lexicographic and strong product on picture fuzzy graph. Finally, we describe the utility of the picture fuzzy graph and its application in a social network.

q-Rung orthopair fuzzy graphs under Hamacher operators

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1367-1390
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Samirah Alsulami ◽  
Faruk Karaaslan ◽  
Ayesha Khan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Set ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Selection Of

A q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) is more practical and powerful than intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) to model uncertainty in various decision-making problems. In this research article, we introduce the notion of q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher graphs (q-ROFHGs). We utilize the Hamacher operators because they are flexible and parameterized in decision making. We determine the energy of q-ROFHGs as well as the energy of splitting and shadow q-ROFHGs. In addition, we propose the Randić energy of q-ROFHG and its some substantial results. Further, we present the idea of q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher digraphs (q-ROFHDGs). We solve a decision-making numerical example related to the selection of best housing society for investment by calculating the energy and Randić energy of q-ROFHDGs and an algorithm to exhibit the applicability of the presented concepts in decision making. Finally, we present the conclusion.

Analytical Study of Violence Theme in Victoria Schwab’s This Savage Song

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Right

This research article focuses on the theme of violence and its representation by the characters of the novel “This Savage Song” by Victoria Schwab. How violence is transmitted through genes to next generations and to what extent socio- psycho factors are involved in it, has also been discussed. Similarly, in what manner violent events and deeds by the parents affect the psychology of children and how it inculcates aggressive behaviour in their minds has been studied. What role is played by the parents in grooming the personality of children and ultimately their decisions to choose the right or wrong way has been argued. In the light of the theory of Judith Harris, this research paper highlights all the phenomena involved: How the social hierarchy controls the behaviour. In addition, the aggressive approach of the people in their lives has been analyzed in the light of the study of second theorist Thomas W Blume. As the novel is a unique representation of supernatural characters, the monsters, which are the products of some cruel deeds, this research paper brings out different dimensions of human sufferings with respect to these supernatural beings. Moreover, the researcher also discusses that, in what manner the curse of violence creates an inevitable vicious cycle of cruel monsters that makes the life of the characters turbulent and miserable.

Identifying Ethics: Dysfunction as Representation of Societal Relationship in Ian McEwans’s Sweet Tooth

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. Yacob ◽  
S. Veeramani
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Code ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Ian Mcewan

In the novel, Sweet Tooth, McEwan has employed an ethical code of conduct called, Dysfunction of Relationship. The analysis shows that he tries to convey something extraordinary to the readers. If it is not even the reader to understand such a typical thing, He himself represents a new ethical code of conduct. The character of the novel, Serena is almost a person who is tuned to such a distinct one. It is clear that the character of this type is purely representational. Understanding reality based on situation and ethics has been a new field of study in terms of Post- Theory. Intervening to such aspect of Interpretation, this research article establishes a new study in the writings of Ian McEwan. In the novel, Dysfunction is not on the ‘Self’ but it is on the ‘Other’. The author tries to integrate the function of the Character Serena, instead of fragmenting the self. Hence, Fragmentation makes sense only in the dysfunction of relationship.

scholarly journals Microparticles, Microspheres, and Microcapsules for Advanced Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miléna Lengyel ◽  
Nikolett Kállai-Szabó ◽  
Vince Antal ◽  
András József Laki ◽  
István Antal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Inhaled Insulin ◽  
Formulation Factors ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Significant Production

Microparticles, microspheres, and microcapsules are widely used constituents of multiparticulate drug delivery systems, offering both therapeutic and technological advantages. Microparticles are generally in the 1–1000 µm size range, serve as multiunit drug delivery systems with well-defined physiological and pharmacokinetic benefits in order to improve the effectiveness, tolerability, and patient compliance. This paper reviews their evolution, significance, and formulation factors (excipients and procedures), as well as their most important practical applications (inhaled insulin, liposomal preparations). The article presents the most important structures of microparticles (microspheres, microcapsules, coated pellets, etc.), interpreted with microscopic images too. The most significant production processes (spray drying, extrusion, coacervation, freeze-drying, microfluidics), the drug release mechanisms, and the commonly used excipients, the characterization, and the novel drug delivery systems (microbubbles, microsponges), as well as the preparations used in therapy are discussed in detail.

ANALYSIS OF FUZZY QUEUES BY USING PENTAGONAL FUZZY NUMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Gurcharan Singh ◽  
◽  
Baljodh Singh ◽  
Neelam Kumari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Number ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Linguistic Terms

This paper deals with the fact thatpentagonal fuzzy numbers are pre-owned and systematic outcomes are discussed in real-life situations. The fuzzy set supposition is combined with well-established classical queuing theory but the classical queuing theory is far away from real-life situations. In this approach, we can use both fuzzy and probability theory to make this work more realistic with the help of the α-cut technique. Symmetric pentagonal fuzzy numbers are used to elaborate on the situation of the queue in linguistic terms.

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