scholarly journals Effects of Fucoidans from Five Different Brown Algae on Oxidative Stress and VEGF Interference in Ocular Cells

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Dörschmann ◽  
Kaya Saskia Bittkau ◽  
Sandesh Neupane ◽  
Johann Roider ◽  
Susanne Alban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Competitive Binding Assay ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Oxidative Stress Protection

Background: Fucoidans are interesting for potential usage in ophthalmology, and especially age-related macular degeneration. However, fucoidans from different species may vary in their effects. Here, we compare fucoidans from five algal species in terms of oxidative stress protection and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) interference in ocular cells. Methods: Brown algae (Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens, Fucus serratus, Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima) were harvested and fucoidans isolated by hot-water extraction. Fucoidans were tested in several concentrations (1, 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL). Effects were measured on a uveal melanoma cell line (OMM-1) (oxidative stress), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line ARPE19 (oxidative stress and VEGF), and primary RPE cells (VEGF). Oxidative stress was induced by H2O2 or tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Cell viability was investigated with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT or MTS) assay, and VEGF secretion with ELISA. Affinity to VEGF was determined by a competitive binding assay. Results: All fucoidans protected OMM-1 from oxidative stress. However, in ARPE19, only fucoidan from Saccharina latissima was protective. The affinity to VEGF of all fucoidans was stronger than that of heparin, and all reduced VEGF secretion in ARPE19. In primary RPE, only the fucoidan from Saccharina latissima was effective. Conclusion: Among the fucoidans from five different species, Saccharina latissima displayed the most promising results concerning oxidative stress protection and reduction of VEGF secretion.

scholarly journals Effects of Sulfated Fucans from Laminaria hyperborea Regarding VEGF Secretion, Cell Viability, and Oxidative Stress and Correlation with Molecular Weight

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Dörschmann ◽  
Georg Kopplin ◽  
Johann Roider ◽  
Alexa Klettner
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Sulfated Fucan ◽  
Oxidative Stress Protection

Background: Sulfated fucans show interesting effects in the treatment of ocular diseases (e.g., age-related macular degeneration), depending on their chemical structure. Here, we compared three purified sulfated fucans from Laminaria hyperborea (LH) regarding cell viability, oxidative stress protection, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in ocular cells. Methods: High-molecular-weight sulfated fucan (Mw = 1548.6 kDa, Fuc1) was extracted with warm water and purified through ultrafiltration. Lower-molecular-weight samples (Mw = 499 kDa, Fuc2; 26.9 kDa, Fuc3) were obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of ultrapurified sulfated fucan and analyzed (SEC-MALS (Size-exclusion chromatography-Multi-Angle Light Scattering), ICP-MS, and GC). Concentrations between 1 and 100 µg/mL were tested. Cell viability was measured after 24 h (uveal melanoma cell line (OMM-1), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line ARPE-19, primary RPE cells) via MTT/MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide/3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Oxidative stress protection was determined after 24 h (OMM-1, ARPE-19). VEGF secretion was analyzed via ELISA after three days (ARPE-19, RPE). Results: Fuc2 and Fuc3 were antiproliferative for OMM-1, but not for ARPE. Fuc1 protected OMM-1. VEGF secretion was lowered with all fucans except Fuc3 in ARPE-19 and RPE. The results suggest a correlation between molecular weight and biological activity, with efficiency increasing with size. Conclusion: The LH sulfated fucan Fuc1 showed promising results regarding VEGF inhibition and protection, encouraging further medical research.

Caveolin-1 promotes radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcoma through increased oxidative stress protection and DNA repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Silvia Codenotti ◽  
Francesco Marampon ◽  
Luca Triggiani ◽  
Marco Lorenzo Bonù ◽  
Stefano Maria Magrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Oxidative Stress Protection

scholarly journals Engineered EVs for Oxidative Stress Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Tolomeo ◽  
Santina Quarta ◽  
Alessandra Biasiolo ◽  
Mariagrazia Ruvoletto ◽  
Michela Pozzobon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line ◽  
Cytoprotective Activity ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Oxidative Stress Protection

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly studied as vectors for drug delivery because they can transfer a variety of molecules across biological barriers. SerpinB3 is a serine protease inhibitor that has shown a protective anti-apoptotic function in a variety of stressful conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate protection from oxidative stress-induced damage, using extracellular vesicles that overexpress SerpinB3 (EVs-SB3) in order to enhance the effect of extracellular vesicles on cellular homeostasis. EVs-SB3s were obtained from HepG2 cells engineered to overexpress SerpinB3 and they revealed significant proteomic changes, mostly characterized by a reduced expression of other proteins compared with EVs from non-engineered cells. These EV preparations showed a significantly higher protection from H2O2 induced oxidative stress in both the hepatoma cell line and in primary cardiomyocytes, compared to cells treated with naïve EVs or SerpinB3 alone, used at the same concentration. In conclusion, the induction of SerpinB3 transgene expression results in the secretion of EVs enriched with the protein product that exhibits enhanced cytoprotective activity, compared with naïve EVs or the nude SerpinB3 protein.

scholarly journals FHL-1 interacts with human RPE cells through the α5β1 integrin and confers protection against oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawshan Choudhury ◽  
Nadhim Bayatti ◽  
Richard Scharff ◽  
Ewa Szula ◽  
Viranga Tilakaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Bruch's Membrane ◽  
Bruch’S Membrane ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Age Related

AbstractRetinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that underlie the neurosensory retina are essential for the maintenance of photoreceptor cells and hence vision. Interactions between the RPE and their basement membrane, i.e. the inner layer of Bruch’s membrane, are essential for RPE cell health and function, but the signals induced by Bruch’s membrane engagement, and their contributions to RPE cell fate determination remain poorly defined. Here, we studied the functional role of the soluble complement regulator and component of Bruch’s membrane, Factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1). Human primary RPE cells adhered to FHL-1 in a manner that was eliminated by either mutagenesis of the integrin-binding RGD motif in FHL-1 or by using competing antibodies directed against the α5 and β1 integrin subunits. These short-term experiments reveal an immediate protein-integrin interaction that were obtained from primary RPE cells and replicated using the hTERT-RPE1 cell line. Separate, longer term experiments utilising RNAseq analysis of hTERT-RPE1 cells bound to FHL-1, showed an increased expression of the heat-shock protein genes HSPA6, CRYAB, HSPA1A and HSPA1B when compared to cells bound to fibronectin (FN) or laminin (LA). Pathway analysis implicated changes in EIF2 signalling, the unfolded protein response, and mineralocorticoid receptor signalling as putative pathways. Subsequent cell survival assays using H2O2 to induce oxidative stress-induced cell death suggest hTERT-RPE1 cells had significantly greater protection when bound to FHL-1 or LA compared to plastic or FN. These data show a non-canonical role of FHL-1 in protecting RPE cells against oxidative stress and identifies a novel interaction that has implications for ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Annamaria Tisi ◽  
Marco Feligioni ◽  
Maurizio Passacantando ◽  
Marco Ciancaglini ◽  
Rita Maccarone
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the maintenance of a finely regulated microenvironment. The outer BRB, composed by the choriocapillaris, the Bruch’s membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium, undergoes structural and functional changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness worldwide. BRB alterations lead to retinal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Several risk factors have been associated with AMD onset in the past decades and oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key factor, even if the exact AMD pathophysiology has not been exactly elucidated yet. The present review describes the BRB physiology, the BRB changes occurring in AMD, the role of oxidative stress in AMD with a focus on the outer BRB structures. Moreover, we propose the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new powerful anti-oxidant agent to combat AMD, based on the relevant existing data which demonstrated their beneficial effects in protecting the outer BRB in animal models of AMD.

scholarly journals Sulforaphane Enhances the Ability of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell against Oxidative Stress, and Its Effect on Gene Expression Profile Evaluated by Microarray Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ye ◽  
Ting Yu ◽  
Yanqun Li ◽  
Bingni Chen ◽  
Jinshun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Pigment Epithelial

To gain further insights into the molecular basis of Sulforaphane (SF) mediated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) 19 cell against oxidative stress, we investigated the effects of SF on the regulation of gene expression on a global scale and tested whether SF can endow RPE cells with the ability to resist apoptosis. The data revealed that after exposure to H2O2, RPE 19 cell viability was increased in the cells pretreated with SF compared to the cell not treated with SF. Microarray analysis revealed significant changes in the expression of 69 genes in RPE 19 cells after 6 hours of SF treatment. Based on the functional relevance, eight of the SF-responsive genes, that belong to antioxidant redox system, and inflammatory responsive factors were validated. The up-regulating translation of thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and the nuclear translocation of Nuclear factor-like2 (Nrf2) were demonstrated by immunoblot analysis in SF treated RPE cells. Our data indicate that SF increases the ability of RPE 19 cell against oxidative stress through up-regulating antioxidative enzymes and down-regulating inflammatory mediators and chemokines. The results suggest that the antioxidant, SF, may be a valuable supplement for preventing and retarding the development of Age Related Macular Degeneration.

scholarly journals Superoxide Dismutase-1 Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated Apoptosis in Murine Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 463-466
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase 1 ◽  
Central Vision Loss ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pigment Epithelial Cells

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complicated ocular disease which occurs in elderly people and leads to central vision loss. The AMD generated because of overproduction of oxidative stress which leads to RPE cell death. The present study investigates whether SOD1 induced MRPE cell death based on that overexpression of SOD1 in MRPE cells which induced cell death. The SOD1 gradually increased ROS production and fragmentation of nuclei. To explore the ER stress persuaded UPR via GRP78, and CHOP, protein expression level analyses were carried out by western blotting. Together, our results represent that SOD1 could possibly produce the oxidant induced MRPE cell death.

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