scholarly journals Characterization of an Insoluble and Soluble Form of Melanin Produced by Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21, a Sea Cucumber Associated Bacterium

Marine Drugs ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Joko Tri Wibowo ◽  
Matthias Y. Kellermann ◽  
Lars-Erik Petersen ◽  
Yustian R. Alfiansah ◽  
Colleen Lattyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Form ◽  
Insoluble Form ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Purification Protocol

Melanin is a widely distributed and striking dark-colored pigment produced by countless living organisms. Although a wide range of bioactivities have been recognized, there are still major constraints in using melanin for biotechnological applications such as its fragmentary known chemical structure and its insolubility in inorganic and organic solvents. In this study, a bacterial culture of Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21 produced two distinct forms of melanin: (1) a particulate, insoluble form as well as (2) a rarely observed water-soluble form. The here presented novel, acid-free purification protocol of purified particulate melanin (PPM) and purified dissolved melanin (PDM) represents the basis for an in-depth comparison of their physicochemical and biological properties, which were compared to the traditional acid-based precipitation of melanin (AM) and to a synthetic melanin standard (SM). Our data show that the differences in solubility between PDM and PPM in aqueous solutions may be a result of different adjoining cation species, since the soluble PDM polymer is largely composed of Mg2+ ions and the insoluble PPM is dominated by Ca2+ ions. Furthermore, AM shared most properties with SM, which is likely attributed to a similar, acid-based production protocol. The here presented gentler approach of purifying melanin facilitates a new perspective of an intact form of soluble and insoluble melanin that is less chemical altered and thus closer to its original biological form.

scholarly journals COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF BIOSOLID FOR AGRICULTURE USING LIVING ORGANISMS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia PONOGAYBO ◽  
Liudmila VORONINA
Keyword(s):  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Living Organisms

The use of biosolids (treated municipal sewage sludge) as a fertilizer is the best way of their disposal. However, not all of them are suitable for use as a fertilizer. Biosolids should be subject to mandatory laboratory control to confirm their safety. Two directions of research on biosolids are being improved: chemical and biological. Chemical analysis methods allow us to determine the qualitative composition of complex waste. The biological approach (use of living organisms) allows us to estimate the total toxicity of all the components. Accordingly, a distinctive characteristic of biological methods is the integrated approach. We examined biosolid extract using a wide range of bioassay methods. As test organisms, we took Daphnia magna Straus, Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg, Tetrahymena pyriformis, luminescent bacteria Escherichia coli. In addition, a phytotest was carried out on the culture of Avena sativa L. and Raphanus sativus L. None of the tests revealed a high toxicity of biosolid. Biosolid safety was confirmed by a low content of potentially toxic water-soluble elements – (μg /l): Al3+ – 980; Ba2+ – 19; B – 140; Mn – 360; Cu – 61; As – 57; Ni – 200; Pb – 1,4; Sr2+ – 302; Cr – 18; Zn2+ – 310; Co – 30; Mo – 56; (mg/l): Na+ – 16,8; Fe – 1,0. The bioassay methods make it possible to give an indicative safety assessment of this type of object by the effect of readily soluble (readily available) components from this object on living organisms and plants. The use of bioassay methods using soil extraction as a control tool allows to take into account the combined effect of the presence in the extraction of not only toxic elements that suppress the vital activity of organisms, but also of elements that attract and stimulate the activity of test-organisms.

scholarly journals Characterization of Andean Blueberry in Bioactive Compounds, Evaluation of Biological Properties and in vitro Bioaccessibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nieves Baenas ◽  
Jenny Ruales ◽  
Diego A. Moreno ◽  
Daniel Alejandro Barrio ◽  
Carla M. Stinco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zebrafish Embryogenesis

Andean blueberries are wild berries grown and consumed in Ecuador which contain high values of bioactive compounds, mainly anthocyanins, with powerful antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and contents of (poly)phenols and carotenoids in Andean blueberry by HPLC-DAD-MSn and determine a wide range of its biological activities. The antioxidant capacity of this fruit was evaluated in vitro by three different methods and in vivo using the zebrafish animal model, also the toxicity effect was determined by the zebrafish embryogenesis test. Besides, the antimicrobial activity and the capacity of Andean blueberry to produce hemagglutination in blood cells were evaluated. Finally, the bioaccessibility of (poly)phenols and related antioxidant capacity were determined in the different phases of an in vitro digestion. The global results indicated no toxicity of Andean blueberry, weakly bacteriostatic activity, and high contents of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity, which were partially bioaccesible in vitro (~ 50 % at the final intestinal step), contributing to the knowledge of its health benefits for consumers and its potential use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as functional ingredient.

scholarly journals Thiolato gold(i) complexes containing water-soluble phosphane ligands: a characterization of their chemical and biological properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (41) ◽  
pp. 10927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vergara ◽  
Elena Cerrada ◽  
Catherine Clavel ◽  
Angela Casini ◽  
Mariano Laguna
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble

scholarly journals A Field Investigation of Solubility and Food Chain Accumulation of Biosolid-Cadmium Across Diverse Soil Types

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike J. McLaughlin ◽  
Mark Whatmuff ◽  
Michael Warne ◽  
Diane Heemsbergen ◽  
Glenn Barry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Wide Range

Environmental Context. Cadmium is a potentially toxic metal that is an unwanted contaminant in urban wastewater biosolids, and has the potential to accumulate through the food chain. This study found that the accumulation of cadmium in wheat grain from application of urban biosolids to soils in Australia was less than when cadmium was applied in a water-soluble form. The critical soil cadmium concentration, above which wheat grain would exceed food contaminant limits, could also be simply predicted using soil pH (acidity) and clay content. Abstract. One of the pathways for transfer of cadmium (Cd) through the food chain is addition of urban wastewater solids (biosolids) to soil, and many countries have restrictions on biosolid use to minimize crop Cd contamination. The basis of these restrictions often lies in laboratory or glasshouse experimentation of soil–plant transfer of Cd, but these studies are confounded by artefacts from growing crops in controlled laboratory conditions. This study examined soil to plant (wheat grain) transfer of Cd under a wide range of field environments under typical agronomic conditions, and compared the solubility and bioavailability of Cd in biosolids to soluble Cd salts. Solubility of biosolid Cd (measured by examining Cd partitioning between soil and soil solution) was found to be equal to or greater than that of soluble Cd salts, possibly due to competing ions added with the biosolids. Conversely, bioavailability of Cd to wheat and transfer to grain was less than that of soluble Cd salts, possibly due to addition of Zn with the biosolids, causing reduced plant uptake or grain loading, or due to complexation of soluble Cd2+ by dissolved organic matter.

scholarly journals Inclusion Complex of Iloperidone with Sulfobutyl Ether Beta-Cyclodextrin: Characterization and Dissolution Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali Sanjay Bhadale ◽  
Vaishali Yogesh Londhe
Keyword(s):  
Classification Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
First Line ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bcs Class Ii ◽  
Kneading Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Sulfobutyl Ether

Iloperidone (ILO) is a second-generation antipsychotic drug and a first-line treatment approved by USFDA in May 2009. Iloperidone belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification Systems (BCS) class II; thus, it is poorly water-soluble, highly permeable, and has pH-dependent solubility. Cyclodextrins and their derivatives have a wide range of applications in different formulations due to their complexation ability, which improves the solubility, stability, safety, and bioavailability of a drug. We have tried the complexation of iloperidone with sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SEβCD) to improve its solubility and dissolution. Complexation was done by the kneading method. The characterization of the SEβCD complexes with Iloperidone was done by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), saturation solubility, etc. A multimedia dissolution of the complex was carried out and compared with the plain drug. A significant improvement in drug release was found from SEβCD complexes in all media when compared with the drug alone.

Biological and mechanical evaluation of mineralized-hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822199542
Author(s):  
Aitor Tejo-Otero ◽  
Alastair C Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calcium Minerals ◽  
The One ◽  
Calcium Compounds ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

Chitosan and gelatin have been extensively used in tissue engineering for a wide range of different applications, such as wound healing or bone regeneration, due to their advantages: excellent biocompatibility (promoting cell adhesion and proliferation), low price and biodegradability. Nonetheless, their main drawback is that they have poor mechanical properties, consequently restricting their use in bone tissue engineering. In previous studies, both materials were cross-linked, with added calcium minerals, which led to an improvement in both mechanical and biological properties. Therefore, this study carries out a mechanical and biological characterization of mineral-hydrogel scaffolds in order to find the best compositions. Different proportions of calcium compounds (CaCO3 and CaHPO4) are used to make up between 20% and 30% of the minerals used in a mineral-hydrogel mix. This addition of minerals enhances not only the mechanical properties, but also the biological ones. On the one hand, the higher the amount of minerals added to the composition, the better the mechanical properties obtained. Additionally, as the proportion of CaCO3 in comparison with CaHPO4 rises, the mechanical properties improve. On the other hand, both cell proliferation and mineralization are improved with the addition of calcium minerals.

Synthesis and applications of functionalized silsesquioxane polymers attached to organic and inorganic matrices

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1593-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Gushikem ◽  
Edilson V. Benvenutti ◽  
Yuriy V. Kholin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Insoluble Form ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Electroactive Species

Organofunctionalized silsesquioxane polymers obtained in a water-soluble form can be used to coat various substrates such as SiO2, SiO2/Al2O3, Al2O3, cellulose/Al2O3, and graphite or, when obtained in a water-insoluble form, can be used directly. These organofunctionalized silsesquioxanes can also be attached to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymers. The functional groups constituted by neutral amine groups or cationic groups (pyridinium, 3- and 4-picolinium, or 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), mono- or -dicationic) have relatively high affinity for metal ion in ethanol solutions, as shown by their stability constants. Materials containing attached cationic functional groups have also been efficiently used to immobilize various electroactive species and to construct electrochemical sensors for analytical applications. This work discusses the preparation of silsesquioxane derivatives, their characterization as prepared and when dispersed on several substrates, and comments on some applications of these materials, with an emphasis on the metal adsorption process and manufacture of electrochemical sensors.

A novel water-soluble and self-doped conducting hybrid copolymer: poly(4-oxybenzenesulfonic acid)phosphazene-g-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2672-2677
Author(s):  
Elif Büşra Çelebi ◽  
Nebahat Demirhan ◽  
Ferda Hacıvelioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Hybrid Copolymers ◽  
Hybrid Copolymer ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Copolymer Poly

In this report we describe the efficient synthesis and characterization of a series of water-soluble, self-doped PEDOT hybrid copolymers based on a polyaryloxyphosphazene platform, which brings a new perspective to the challenging solubility problem of PEDOT.

scholarly journals The Role of Exosomes in Stemness and Neurodegenerative Diseases—Chemoresistant-Cancer Therapeutics and Phytochemicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6818
Author(s):  
Narasimha M. Beeraka ◽  
Shalini H. Doreswamy ◽  
Surya P. Sadhu ◽  
Asha Srinivasan ◽  
Rajeswara Rao Pragada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms

Exosomes exhibit a wide range of biological properties and functions in the living organisms. They are nanometric vehicles and used for delivering drugs, as they are biocompatible and minimally immunogenic. Exosomal secretions derived from cancer cells contribute to metastasis, immortality, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, stemness and chemo/radio-resistance. Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lnc RNAs) are involved in the pathophysiology of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells, astrocytes, macrophages, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are involved in the cancer progression and stemness as they induce chemotherapeutic drug resistance in several cancer cells. This review covered the recent research advances in understanding the role of exosomes in cancer progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness and drug resistance by illustrating the modulatory effects of exosomal cargo (ex. miRNA, lncRNAs, etc.) on cell signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and cancer stem cell growth and development. Recent reports have implicated exosomes even in the treatment of several cancers. For instance, exosomes-loaded with novel anti-cancer drugs such as phytochemicals, tumor-targeting proteins, anticancer peptides, nucleic acids are known to interfere with drug resistance pathways in several cancer cell lines. In addition, this review depicted the need to develop exosome-based novel diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of cancers and neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, the role of exosomes in stroke and oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Construction and Characterization of Phthalocyanine-Loaded Particles of Curdlan and Their Photosensitivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglin Liu ◽  
Dongfeng Wang ◽  
Xun Sun ◽  
Qingjie Sun ◽  
Yanjiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wavelength Radiation ◽  
Low Solubility

To optimize the physicochemical properties of phthalocyanine (PC), we examined its behavior in particles of triple helix glucan curdlan (CUR). CUR was denatured and renatured in DMSO, in the presence of PC. Infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that PC and CUR formed an inclusion complex, in which PC was trapped inside CUR molecules. This redshifted the absorption peak of PC, which would improve its usefulness as a photosensitizer, because infrared light can penetrate more deeply into human tissues. The conductivity of the solution of CUR-PC was higher than the conductivities of either a CUR solution or a PC dispersion, indicating that CUR-PC is more water soluble than PC. In addition, CUR-PC was highly stable in water. Thus, the use of CUR as a carrier of PC improves several of its physical properties. PC is used as a photosensitizer for killing cancer cells, but its use is hampered by its low solubility. Further, its absorption range limits its use to a depth of 1–3 mm in tissues. CUR-PC, with its high solubility and infrared absorption peak, was highly effective as a photosensitizer. It killed 84% of HeLa cells under 15 min of long wavelength radiation and had little cytotoxicity in the absence of light. These results demonstrate that CUR-PC has promise as a photosensitizer, as well as provide theoretical support for a wide range of applications for PC and CUR.

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