scholarly journals Construction and Characterization of Phthalocyanine-Loaded Particles of Curdlan and Their Photosensitivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglin Liu ◽  
Dongfeng Wang ◽  
Xun Sun ◽  
Qingjie Sun ◽  
Yanjiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wavelength Radiation ◽  
Low Solubility

To optimize the physicochemical properties of phthalocyanine (PC), we examined its behavior in particles of triple helix glucan curdlan (CUR). CUR was denatured and renatured in DMSO, in the presence of PC. Infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that PC and CUR formed an inclusion complex, in which PC was trapped inside CUR molecules. This redshifted the absorption peak of PC, which would improve its usefulness as a photosensitizer, because infrared light can penetrate more deeply into human tissues. The conductivity of the solution of CUR-PC was higher than the conductivities of either a CUR solution or a PC dispersion, indicating that CUR-PC is more water soluble than PC. In addition, CUR-PC was highly stable in water. Thus, the use of CUR as a carrier of PC improves several of its physical properties. PC is used as a photosensitizer for killing cancer cells, but its use is hampered by its low solubility. Further, its absorption range limits its use to a depth of 1–3 mm in tissues. CUR-PC, with its high solubility and infrared absorption peak, was highly effective as a photosensitizer. It killed 84% of HeLa cells under 15 min of long wavelength radiation and had little cytotoxicity in the absence of light. These results demonstrate that CUR-PC has promise as a photosensitizer, as well as provide theoretical support for a wide range of applications for PC and CUR.

Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Su ◽  
Ying Yun Lin ◽  
Yu Li Fu ◽  
Fan Qian ◽  
Xiu Pei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Transmission Electron

Water-soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared using 2-mercapto-4-methyl-5- thiazoleacetic acid (MMTA) as a stabilizing agent and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. The AuNPs product was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The TEM image shows that the particles were well-dispersed and their average particle size is about 5 nm. The UV-vis absorption and FTIR spectra confirm that the MMTA-AuNPs was stabilized by the carboxylate ions present on the surface of the AuNPs.

scholarly journals Characterization of an Insoluble and Soluble Form of Melanin Produced by Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21, a Sea Cucumber Associated Bacterium

Marine Drugs ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Joko Tri Wibowo ◽  
Matthias Y. Kellermann ◽  
Lars-Erik Petersen ◽  
Yustian R. Alfiansah ◽  
Colleen Lattyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Form ◽  
Insoluble Form ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Purification Protocol

Melanin is a widely distributed and striking dark-colored pigment produced by countless living organisms. Although a wide range of bioactivities have been recognized, there are still major constraints in using melanin for biotechnological applications such as its fragmentary known chemical structure and its insolubility in inorganic and organic solvents. In this study, a bacterial culture of Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21 produced two distinct forms of melanin: (1) a particulate, insoluble form as well as (2) a rarely observed water-soluble form. The here presented novel, acid-free purification protocol of purified particulate melanin (PPM) and purified dissolved melanin (PDM) represents the basis for an in-depth comparison of their physicochemical and biological properties, which were compared to the traditional acid-based precipitation of melanin (AM) and to a synthetic melanin standard (SM). Our data show that the differences in solubility between PDM and PPM in aqueous solutions may be a result of different adjoining cation species, since the soluble PDM polymer is largely composed of Mg2+ ions and the insoluble PPM is dominated by Ca2+ ions. Furthermore, AM shared most properties with SM, which is likely attributed to a similar, acid-based production protocol. The here presented gentler approach of purifying melanin facilitates a new perspective of an intact form of soluble and insoluble melanin that is less chemical altered and thus closer to its original biological form.

scholarly journals Novel Carbon Dots Derived from Puerariae lobatae Radix and Their Anti-Gout Effects

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4152
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Wang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Meiling Zhang ◽  
Hui Kong ◽  
Suna Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Gout is a disease with a high incidence and causing great harm, and the current treatment drugs are not satisfactory. In this study, novel water-soluble carbon dots (CDs) with anti-gout effect, named Puerariae lobatae Radix CDs (PLR-CDs), are reported. PLR-CDs were synthesized with an improved pyrolysis method at 300 °C, and their characterization was performed with multifaceted approaches, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, the biocompatibility of PLR-CDs was studied using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 in LO2 cells and RAW264.7 cells, and the anti-gout activity of PLR-CDs was examined on animal models of hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis. The characterization of PLR-CDs indicated that they were nearly spherical, with diameters ranging from 3.0 to 10.0 nm, and the lattice spacing was 0.283 nm. The toxicity experiment revealed that PLR-CDs were non-poisonous for LO2 cells and RAW264.7 cells at concentrations below 250 μg/mL. The results of pharmacodynamic experiments showed that PLR-CDs could lower the blood uric acid level in model rats by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase and reduce the degree of swelling and pathological damage of gouty arthritis. Thus, PLR-CDs with anti-gout biological activity and good biocompatibility have the prospect of clinical application for the treatment of gout.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of highly blue emitting fluorescent carbon nano-dots using Pongammia pinnata fresh leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindaraju K ◽  
K. Vijai Anand ◽  
S. Muthamilselvan ◽  
M. Kannan ◽  
M. Elanchezhiyan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydrothermal Technique ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Soluble Carbon ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Abstract In this study, a simple environmental benign approach have been adopted for the preparation of highly luminescent (blue emitting) water soluble carbon nano-dots using Pongammia pinnata (Pp) leaves via hydrothermal technique. The prepared Pp-carbon nano- dots were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The Pp-carbon nano-dots are spherical in shape with an average size of 32 nm.

Controlling the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Nanocrystals Produced by Ion Implantation

2001 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Beaty ◽  
A. Meldrum ◽  
J.P. Franck ◽  
K. Sorge ◽  
J. R. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Co Nanoparticles

ABSTRACTIon implantation coupled with annealing is a versatile and flexible approach to creating ferromagnetic near-surface nanocomposites that represent a wide range of particle/host combinations. We have used ion implantation and thermal processing to create a layer of Co nanoparticles in a sapphire host that was subsequently irradiated with Xe, Pt, or Pb in order to systematically modify the magnetic properties of the composite. Transmission electron microscopy (reported in an accompanying paper in this volume) was used to carry out a detailed characterization of the microstructure of the resulting near-surface composites whose magnetic properties were determined using SQUID magnetometry or magnetic circular dichroism. These composites exhibit magnetic hysteresis with coercivities ranging from near zero (i.e., superparamagnetism) up to 1.2 kG - depending on the composition and microstructure. We also present the results of preliminary experiments in which we attempt to control the spatial distribution of magnetic elements within ion-implanted ferromagnetic nanocomposites. The results demonstrate methods for tailoring the magnetic properties of nanocomposites produced by ion implantation for specific applications.

scholarly journals Metallic Nanoparticles Embedded in a Dielectric Matrix: Growth Mechanisms and Percolation

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. García del Muro ◽  
Z. Konstantinovic ◽  
M. Varela ◽  
X. Batlle ◽  
A. Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Percolation Threshold ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Particle Coalescence ◽  
Sharp Interfaces

We present a study of the preparation and structural characterization of granularAg-ZrO2,Co-ZrO2, andAu-ZrO2thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in a wide range of volume fractionxof metal (0.08<xAg<0.28,0.06<xCo<0.40, and0.08<xAu<0.55). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed regular distribution of spherical Au, Co, and Au nanoparticles having very sharp interfaces with the amorphous matrix. The structural results are compared aiming to stress the effect of the actual microstructure on the percolation threshold. Two different mechanisms of particle growing as a function of the metal content are evidenced: nucleation and particle coalescence, with their relative significance depending strongly on the type of metal, giving rise to very different values of the percolation threshold (xc(Ag)∼0.28,xc(Co)∼0.35, andxc(Au)∼0.55).

Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Cu2+-Doped ZnSe Quantum Dots

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 2043-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Li ◽  
Fu Tian Liu ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
Xiu Xiu Chen ◽  
Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Green Emission ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zinc Blende ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Uv Excitation ◽  
Zinc Blende Structure

Cu2+-doped ZnSe quantum dots (ZnSe:Cu) were prepared via a green and simple route, namely the chemical coprecipitation method. Under 365 nm UV excitation, green emission is observed. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) shows that ZnSe:Cu nanoparticle is cubic zinc blende structure; the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibits that the average diameter of ZnSe:Cu nanocrystals is less than 10 nm. UV-vis spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer indicate that ZnSe:Cu nanocrystals have good fluorescence effects.

Preparation and Characterization of Soap-Free Cationic Polystyrene Microspheres Using a Water Soluble Monomer

2014 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Qian Zhao ◽  
Bu Qin Xu ◽  
Gui Long Xu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Polystyrene Microspheres ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Micro Morphology

Soap-free Cationic polystyrene microspheres were prepared by emulsion polymerization using a water soluble monomer Methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MADAC). Experimental studies were performed in detail to check the effect of the synthesis process of the microspheres, the MADAC dosage, and initiator dosage on the particle size and distribution. The chemical structure of latex particles was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The micro-morphology of latex particles were observed by Transmission electron microscope. The results show that different particle sizes of polystyrene microspheres with good monodispersity were finally obtained by seeded semi-continuous emulsion polymerization.

scholarly journals Inclusion Complex of Iloperidone with Sulfobutyl Ether Beta-Cyclodextrin: Characterization and Dissolution Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali Sanjay Bhadale ◽  
Vaishali Yogesh Londhe
Keyword(s):  
Classification Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
First Line ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bcs Class Ii ◽  
Kneading Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Sulfobutyl Ether

Iloperidone (ILO) is a second-generation antipsychotic drug and a first-line treatment approved by USFDA in May 2009. Iloperidone belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification Systems (BCS) class II; thus, it is poorly water-soluble, highly permeable, and has pH-dependent solubility. Cyclodextrins and their derivatives have a wide range of applications in different formulations due to their complexation ability, which improves the solubility, stability, safety, and bioavailability of a drug. We have tried the complexation of iloperidone with sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SEβCD) to improve its solubility and dissolution. Complexation was done by the kneading method. The characterization of the SEβCD complexes with Iloperidone was done by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), saturation solubility, etc. A multimedia dissolution of the complex was carried out and compared with the plain drug. A significant improvement in drug release was found from SEβCD complexes in all media when compared with the drug alone.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Solubility of Diclofenac Sodium by Pastillation Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Sopan Pund ◽  
Nilesh Mahajan ◽  
Purushottam Gangane ◽  
Amol Warokar
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Solubility Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Selection Of

The Diclofenac Sodium is BCS class II drug which comes under the antipyretic class drug, and has a wide range of use. But due to its low solubility it has low dissolution rate and hence reduced bioavailability. There are several methods for the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate. Pastillation technique is widely employed in chemical industry for solidification and better handling. Pastilles are solidified discrete units, acquired directly from the melt mass. However, this method of pastillation has not been explored for the drug delivery system yet. Literature revels that it can be used as a novel, effective and easiest method for the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate. The selection of polymer was done by the solubility studies and Kolliphor HS 15 was used to make the pastilles of Diclofenac Sodium. Formation of pastilles were confirmed by FT-IR and further evaluated for % yield, drug contents, solubility study and dissolution test. From the results it was concluded that, solubility of Diclofenac Sodium was increased by pastillation method by 2-fold and dissolution rate was also enhanced by double than that of the drug. Thus, pastillation can be an effective and easiest method to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs having good permeability.  Keywords: Diclofenac Sodium, Pastillation, Kolliphor HS 15, Solubility enhancement, Solid dispersion.

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