scholarly journals Protective Effect of Melatonin Against Radiotherapy-Induced Small Intestinal Oxidative Stress: Biochemical Evaluation

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Eleojo Musa ◽  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
Haider Saadoon Qasim Alhilfi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Pelvic Malignancies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal

Background and Objectives: Radiation enteritis is a common side effect after radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic malignancies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of melatonin, known for its free radical scavenging ability, against radiotherapy-induced small intestinal oxidative damage. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups (5 rats in each) as follows: Group I (control group) rats received neither radiation nor melatonin; group II rats received only 8 Gy single dose of gamma radiation to their abdomen and pelvis regions; group III (administered with only 50 mg/kg melatonin); group IV (administered with only 100 mg/kg melatonin); group V (50 mg/kg melatonin + 8 Gy radiation), group VI (100 mg/kg melatonin + 8 Gy radiation). All rats were sacrificed after 5 days for biochemical assessments of their intestinal tissues. Results: Treatment with melatonin post irradiation significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as increased both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of the irradiated intestinal tissues. In addition, melatonin administration with different doses pre irradiation led to protection of the tissues. Moreover, the 100 mg/kg dose was more effective compared to 50 mg/kg. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that melatonin has a potent protective effect against radiotherapy-induced intestinal damage, by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant enzymes. We recommend future clinical trials for more insights.

Comparison of ameliorative effects of Taraxacum syriacum and N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rat liver and kidney

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Eshrati ◽  
Mahvash Jafari ◽  
Saeed Gudarzi ◽  
Afshen Nazari ◽  
Esmaeil Samizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Abstract Taraxacum syriacum (TS) with natural antioxidant and pharmacological activities may be considered for treatment of oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen (APAP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of the ethanol extract of TS root against hepatorenal toxicity induced by APAP in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a standard drug. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Control group; APAP (1 g/kg) group; APAP–NAC (160 mg/kg) group and APAP-TS100 and APAP-TS200 groups: APAP plus 100 and 200 mg/kg of TS extract, respectively. After 7 days treatment, serum and liver and kidney tissues were prepared and evaluated. TS extract ameliorated the increased lipid peroxidation level and decreased antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level in liver and kidney of APAP-treated rats. Moreover, treatment with the TS extract caused significant reduction in the histopathological damages and high levels of serum biochemical markers of hepatic and renal functions after APAP treatment. This study suggests that the extract of TS roots has dose-dependent ameliorative effect against APAP-induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. The overall efficacy of the extract at 200 mg/kg dose is comparable with NAC.

scholarly journals Protective effect of apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.) on hepatic steatosis and damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1767-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feral Ozturk ◽  
Mehmet Gul ◽  
Burhan Ates ◽  
I. Cetin Ozturk ◽  
Asli Cetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix

The present study was planned to investigate the protective effect of 10 % and 20 % apricot-containing feed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic steatosis and damage. Adult male Wistar rats (n42) were divided into six groups of seven each, as follows: control group; CCl4group; CCl4+10 % apricot group; CCl4+20 % apricot group; 10 % apricot group; 20 % apricot group. All apricot groups were fed with 10 % or 20 % apricot-containing feed for 5 months. CCl4injections were applied to the CCl4groups at the dose of 1 mg/kg for 3 d at the end of 5 months. In the CCl4group, vacuolated hepatocytes and hepatic necrosis were seen, especially in the centrilobular area. Hepatocytes showed an oedematous cytoplasmic matrix, large lipid globules and degenerated organelles. The area of liver injury was found significantly decreased with apricot feeding. Malondialdehyde and total glutathione levels and catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly changed in the CCl4group and indicated increased oxidative stress. Apricot feeding decreased this oxidative stress and ameliorated histological damage. We concluded that apricot feeding had beneficial effects on CCl4-induced liver steatosis and damage probably due to its antioxidant nutrient (β-carotene and vitamin) contents and high radical-scavenging capacity. Dietary intake of apricot can reduce the risk of liver steatosis and damage caused by free radicals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron petals in prevention of acetaminophen-induced renal damages in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Omidi ◽  
Narges Riahinia ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Montazer Torbati ◽  
Mohammad Ali Behdani
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Right

In recent years more attention has been given to herbal drugs in the treatment and prevention of drug toxicity because of the harmful effects of chemical drugs. In this study, directed for this purpose, research was conducted on the protective effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of saffron petals (SPE) against acetaminophen (APAP) induced acute nephrotoxicity. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups of six each. Group I, as a control group, received normal saline (0.09%) orally (PO). Group II, as an intoxicated group was treated with APAP, PO (600 mg/kg). In the groups III and IV, SPE in a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg along with APAP (600 mg/kg) was administered, respectively. At the end of the trial (8th day), blood was taken from the heart of rats for assessment of biochemical parameters and the right kidney was placed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological evaluations. In the APAP treatment group, higher serum creatinine and uric acid were observed. SPE in a dose of 20 mg/kg significantly reduced serum creatinine and uric acid. In pathologic evaluation, a dose of 20 mg/kg of SPE prevented the kidney injuries induced by APAP. Tissues changes were in accordance with biochemical findings. It is likely that the SPE contributed to the prevention of acute nephrotoxicity induced by APAP.

scholarly journals Sinapic Acid Ameliorates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Acute Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via the NF-κB-Mediated Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef A. Bin Jardan ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari ◽  
Mohammad Raish ◽  
Khalid M. Alkharfy ◽  
Abdul Ahad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

In the present study, we explored SA’s activity against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and revealed its underlying mechanisms. Male Wistar rats (weight, 190-210g; n=6) were randomly divided into four groups: group I, normal control; group II, DOX 15 mg/kg via intraperitoneal (ip) route; group III, administered DOX+SA 20 mg/kg; and group IV, administered DOX+captopril (CAP 30 mg/kg). SA and CAP were administered orally for seven days, and DOX (15 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally an hour before SA treatment on the fifth day. Forty-eight hours after DOX administration, animals were anesthetized and sacrificed for molecular and histology experiments. SA significantly mitigated the myocardial effects of DOX, and following daily administration, it reduced serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB to near normal values. Levels of oxidative stress markers, glutathione-peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, in the cardiac tissue were significantly increased, whereas malondialdehyde levels decreased after SA treatment in DOX-administered rats. Furthermore, DOX caused an inflammatory reaction by elevating the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and endothelin- (ET-) 1, as well as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) expression. Daily administration of SA significantly repressed TNF-α, IL-1β, ET-1, and NF-κB levels. caspase-3 and Bax expression, bcl-2-like protein and caspase-3 activities and levels. Overall, we found that SA could inhibit DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic damage.

scholarly journals The Potential Protective Effect ofPhysalis peruvianaL. against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Is Mediated by Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Downregulation of MMP-9 Expression

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebtisam M. Al-Olayan ◽  
Manal F. El-Khadragy ◽  
Ahmed M. Aref ◽  
Mohamed S. Othman ◽  
Rami B. Kassab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Group I

The active constituent profile in Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruvianaL.) juice was determined by GC-MS. Quercetin and kaempferol were active components in the juice. In this study we have evaluated its potential protective effect on hepatic injury and fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty-eight rats divided into 4 groups: Group I served as control group, and Group II received weekly i.p. injection of 2 mL CCl4/kg bwt for 12 weeks. Group III were supplemented with Physalis juice via the drinking water. The animals of Group IV received Physalis juice as Group III and also were intraperitoneally injected weekly with 2 mL CCl4/kg bwt for 12 weeks. Hepatoprotective effect was evaluated by improvement in liver enzymes serum levels, reduction in collagen areas, downregulation in expression of the fibrotic marker MMP-9, reduction in the peroxidative marker malonaldehyde and the inflammatory marker nitric oxide, and restoration of the activity of antioxidant enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, namely, glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities. The results show that the potential hepatoprotective effects ofPhysalis peruvianamay be due to physalis acts by promotion of processes that restore hepatolobular architecture and through the inhibition of oxidative stress pathway.

Oral glutamine attenuates indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasree BASIVIREDDY ◽  
Molly JACOB ◽  
Kunissery A. BALASUBRAMANIAN
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Small Intestinal

The use of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), although of great therapeutic value clinically, is limited by their tendency to cause mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal tract. In the small intestine, the effects these drugs have been shown to produce include inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase, mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical-induced oxidative changes, all of which contribute to the mucosal damage seen. Glutamine is a fuel preferentially used by enterocytes and is known to contribute to maintaining the integrity of these cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of glutamine on indomethacin-induced changes in the small intestinal mucosa. Rats were given 2% glutamine or glutamic acid or isonitrogenous amino acids, glycine or alanine, in the diet for 7 days. Indomethacin was then administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight. After 1 h, the small intestine was removed and used for the measurement of parameters of oxidative stress and mitochondrial and BBM (brush border membrane) function. Evidence of oxidative stress was found in the mucosa of the small intestine of drug-treated rats, as indicated by significantly increased activity of xanthine oxidase (P<0.001) and myeloperoxidase (P<0.001), with corresponding decreases in the levels of several free radical scavenging enzymes and α-tocopherol (P<0.001 in all cases). Levels of products of peroxidation were also significantly elevated (P<0.001 for all the parameters measured). In addition, oxidative stress was evident in isolated intestinal mitochondria and BBMs (P<0.001 for all the parameters measured), with associated alterations in function of these organelles (P<0.001 for all the parameters measured). Supplementation of the diet with glutamine or glutamic acid prior to treatment with indomethacin produced significant amelioration in all the effects produced by the drug in the small intestine (P<0.001 for all the parameters measured). Glycine and alanine were found to be much less effective in these respects.

scholarly journals The protective effect of the aqueous extract of parsley (Petroselinum sativum ) seeds on experimentally – induced oxidative stress in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
K. K. Khudiar ◽  
B. N. Abdullah ◽  
K. A. Al-Mzaien
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group I

In this study, the potential protective effect of aqueous extract of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) seeds against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) – induced oxidative stress in male rats was assessed. Three groups of male albino rats were randomly divided (n=7) and were handled for twenty-eight days as follows: rats in group I served as control; animals in group || were provided with drinking water containing 0.5% H2O2 and those in group III received orally 8 mg/100 gm B.W. of aqueous extract of parsley seeds plus 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water. After four weeks experimental period, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation products (MDA), and decrease in glutathione (GSH) concentrations were observed in plasma, kidney, liver and heart tissues of H2O2 treated animals as compared with the control group. These biomarkers (GSH and MDA) are interrelated and indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) concentration was significantly increased in H2O2 treated rats. By administration of aqueous extract of parsley along with H2O2, plasma and tissue GSH levels were significantly increased while the elevation in MDA level was diminished in plasma and different tissues examined. A decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration was recorded in H2O2 and parsley treated group as compared with the control one and H2O2 treated groups. These results indicate that aqueous extract of parsley have hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effect.

scholarly journals The beneficial effect of a phytonutrient-rich product against cadmium chloride-induced hepatorenal toxicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Omotayo Babatunde Ilesanmi ◽  
Ridwan Abiodun Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract. This study was designed to investigate the hepatorenal protective effects of trévo, on cadmium-induced renal and hepatic injury in male Wistar rats. Methods. Fifteen healthy male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of five rats per group. Group I (control); group II (35mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2); Group III (2 ml/kg trévo+ CdCl2. The rats were treated with trévo (2ml/kg orally) and administered CdCl2 3 hrs later. Twenty-four hours after the last administration rats were sacrificed and blood was collected via cardiac puncture and processed for hematological parameters and assessment of urea, creatinine (CREA), and uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin (ALB). The liver and kidney were excised and processed for markers of oxidative stress. Results intraperitoneal administration of 35 mg/kg of CdCl2 caused a significant increase in serum concentration of urea, CREA, UA, AST, ALT, while the concentration of ALB was significantly lower (P<0.0001). CdCl2 caused a significant reduction in packed cell volume, hemoglobin while the total white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were increased. Oxidative stress was significantly pronounced in the liver and kidney of rats exposed to CdCl2 as observed in the high concentration of malondialdehyde, decreased concentration of glutathione, the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Pretreatment with trévo was able to significantly prevent the anemic, oxidative damage, renal and hepatic injury initiated by CdCl2. Conclusions. The study reveals that trévo is effective in attenuating cadmium-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male Wistar rats.

EFFECT OF DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS ON CITRULLINE CONCENTRATION IN THE SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSA AND PLASMA BLOOD IN RATS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317-1321
Author(s):  
Roman І. Skrypnyk ◽  
Ganna S. Maslova ◽  
Igor N. Skrypnyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Plasma Citrulline ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Small Intestinal

The aim: Is to investigate the effect of doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress on plasma citrulline and citrulline concentration in the small intestinal (SI) mucosa of rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Materials and methods: The studies were carried out on 30 white non-linear adult rats, 15 (50%) males, 15 (50%) females, weighing 160-220 g. The rats were divided into three groups: І (n=10) – rats without NASH, received a standard diet, subsequently were injected with doxorubicin in cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg; ІI (n=10) – rats with NASH, received a high-calorie diet with doxorubicin injection similarly to group I; ІІІ (n=10) –control group, received a standard diet, were injected with placebo. In the SI mucosa, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), citrulline and catalase were determined. Also the level of plasma citrulline was analyzed. Results: Doxorubicin injection resulted in induction of oxidative stress in rats of group I and II, which was characterized by 2.1 (p=0.002) and 1.4 times (р=0.0059) increase in TBARS and in 3.4 (р=0.002), and 5.2 times (р=0.002) decrease in catalase activity respectively comparing with the control group. Simultaneously plasma citrulline level in group I and II was in 1.4 (р=0.0039) and 1,5 times (р=0.0039) respectively lower, compared to the control group. Conclusions: Doxorubicin-induced SI injury was associated with a significant decrease in plasma citrulline in rats regardless of NASH. The plasma citrulline could become an important marker in the assessment of the SI injury in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Low Molecular Weight Seleno-Aminopolysaccharide on the Intestinal Mucosal Oxidative Damage

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Shun Wen ◽  
Zhen Tang ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Tian-Long Zhu ◽  
You-Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Weaning Piglets

Low molecular weight seleno-aminopolysaccharide (LSA) is an organic selenium compound comprising selenium and low molecular weight aminopolysaccharide (LA), a low molecular weight natural linear polysaccharide derived from chitosan. LSA has been found to exert strong pharmacological activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of LSA on intestinal mucosal oxidative stress in a weaning piglet model by detecting the growth performance, intestinal mucosal structure, antioxidant indices, and expression level of intracellular transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its related factors. Our results indicated that LSA significantly increased the average daily gain and feed/gain (p < 0.05), suggesting that LSA can effectively promote the growth of weaning piglets. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) microscopy showed that LSA effectively reduced intestinal damage, indicating that LSA improved the intestinal stress response and protected the intestinal structure integrity. In addition, diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactic acid (d-LA) levels remarkably decreased in LSA group compared with control group (p < 0.05), suggesting that LSA alleviated the damage and permeability of weaning piglets. LSA significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels, but decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, indicating that LSA significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress in weaning piglets. RT-PCR results showed that LSA significantly increased GSH-Px1, GSH-Px2, SOD-1, SOD-2, CAT, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 gene expression (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that LSA activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway by downregulating the expression of Keap1 and upregulating the expression of Nrf2 to protect intestinal mucosa against oxidative stress. Collectively, LSA reduced intestinal mucosal damage induced by oxidative stress via Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in weaning stress of infants.

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