scholarly journals New Strategies for Treatment of Sepsis

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Antonio Mirijello ◽  
Alberto Tosoni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Standardized Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Strategies

Sepsis represents a major global health concern and is one of the most feared complications for hospitalized patients, being the cause, directly or indirectly, of about half of all hospital deaths. According to the last definition, sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and defined septic shock as a subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormalities are profound enough to significantly increase mortality. Sepsis is a time-dependent disease and requires a prompt recognition and a standardized treatment. The Special Issue “New Strategies for Treatment of Sepsis” has been thought to connect the experience of physicians involved in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of sepsis at every stage of disease, from emergency departments to general and intensive wards. The focus will be pointed on new approaches to this syndrome, such as early recognition based on clinical features and biomarkers, management in non-ICUs, non-invasive treatment strategies, including non-antimicrobial agents, and, of course, invasive approaches. This Special Issue will highlight the many different facets of sepsis, seen through the eyes of different specialists. We hope to spread the knowledge of a new blueprint for treatment.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy-associated neutropenic enterocolitis of the transverse colon post right hemicolectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R Principe ◽  
Regina M Koch ◽  
Tova M Bergsten ◽  
Jonathan Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Colon ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Neutropenic Enterocolitis ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Standardized Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis

Abstract Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a life-threatening infection of the immunocompromised. NE ubiquitously affects the cecum, often with involvement of the ascending colon and ileum. Classically, NE is associated with high mortality leading to the frequent use of aggressive treatment strategies including surgery. Although conservative approaches are often successful, there are currently no standardized treatment guidelines for NE and it is unclear when such strategies should be implemented. Here, we describe a patient with suspected chemotherapy-associated NE despite having previously undergone a right hemicolectomy. As computed tomography imaging failed to provide a conclusive diagnosis, we performed a gentle endoscopic evaluation that affirmed a diagnosis of NE of the transverse colon, and suggested the patient would benefit from conservative treatment. This case demonstrates that endoscopy can be a safe and useful tool in the diagnosis of NE, and is an important reminder that NE can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials as Delivery Vehicles and Components of New Strategies to Combat Bacterial Infections: Advantages and Limitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Naskar ◽  
Kwang-sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
New Strategies

Life-threatening bacterial infections have been well-controlled by antibiotic therapies and this approach has greatly improved the health and lifespan of human beings. However, the rapid and worldwide emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria has forced researchers to find alternative treatments for MDR infections as MDR bacteria can sometimes resist all the present day antibiotic therapies. In this respect, nanomaterials have emerged as innovative antimicrobial agents that can be a potential solution against MDR bacteria. The present review discusses the advantages of nanomaterials as potential medical means and carriers of antibacterial activity, the types of nanomaterials used for antibacterial agents, strategies to tackle toxicity of nanomaterials for clinical applications, and limitations which need extensive studies to overcome. The current progress of using different types of nanomaterials, including new emerging strategies for the single purpose of combating bacterial infections, is also discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Extensive brainstem infiltration, not mass effect, is a common feature of end-stage cerebral glioblastomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R Drumm ◽  
Karan S Dixit ◽  
Sean Grimm ◽  
Priya Kumthekar ◽  
Rimas V Lukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Survival ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Current Series ◽  
Autopsy Series ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Postmortem Studies ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract Background Progress in extending the survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients has been slow. A better understanding of why patient survival remains poor is critical to developing new strategies. Postmortem studies on GBM can shed light on why patients are dying. Methods The brains of 33 GBM patients were autopsied and examined for gross and microscopic abnormalities. Clinical-pathologic correlations were accomplished through detailed chart reviews. Data were compared with older published autopsy GBM studies that predated newer treatment strategies, such as more extensive surgical resection and adjuvant temozolomide. Results In older GBM autopsy series, mass effect was observed in 72% of brains, with herniation in 50% of all cases. Infiltration of tumor into the brainstem was noted in only 21% of those older cases. In the current series, only 10 of 33 (30%) GBMs showed mass effect (P = 0.0003), and only 1 (3%) showed herniation (P < 0.0001). However, extensive GBM infiltration of the brainstem was present in 22 cases (67%, P < 0.0001), with accompanying destruction of the pons and white matter tracts. There was a direct correlation between longer median patient survival and the presence of brainstem infiltration (16.1 mo in brainstem-invaded cases vs 9.0 mo in cases lacking extensive brainstem involvement; P = 0.0003). Conclusions With improving care, severe mass effect appears to be less common in GBM patients today, whereas dissemination, including life-threatening brainstem invasion, is now more pronounced. This has major implications regarding preclinical GBM models, as well as the design of clinical trials aimed at further improving patient survival.

Metallic nanopopcorns: A new multimodal approach for theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Shende ◽  
Gauraja Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Near Future

Background: Nanopopcorns are novel class of metallic nanoparticles that demonstrate structural similarity to the grains of popcorns with theranostic activities for diseases like cancer and bacterial infection using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-based detection. Objective: The objective of the present article is to highlight the importance of popcorn-shaped nanoparticles for the treatment of various disease conditions like cancer, diabetes, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Methods: Nanopopcorns enter the target cells via conjugation with various proteins, aptamers, etc. to kill the diseased cell. Moreover, external magnetic radiations are provided to heat these metallic nanopopcorns for creating hotspots. All such activities can be tracked via SERS mechanism. Results: Nanopopcorns create alternative and minimally-invasive treatment strategies for inflammatory conditions and life-threatening diseases. Conclusion: In the near future, nanopopcorn-based drug delivery system can be an interesting field for research in medicinal nanotechnology.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Cardiogenic Shock – Developments and Treatment Strategies

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Seabra-Gomes ◽  
Jorge Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Cardiogenic shock remains one of the most serious and challenging conditions in cardiology and is responsible for the highest in-hospital mortality associated with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The only significant treatment strategy that has been shown to reduce its incidence and inherent mortality is emergent coronary revascularisation. Prevention should aim at early recognition of symptoms, appropriate pre-hospital emergency medical care and prompt primary revascularisation. Once established, cardiogenic shock still has an unacceptably high mortality rate. Approaches that include new pharmacological therapies and other forms of mechanical haemodynamic support are under investigation. The possible role of systemic inflammatory response has led to the investigation of nitric oxide synthase inhibition, although initial results with tilarginine were disappointing. The use of percutaneous left ventricular assist devices looks promising, but hard data regarding mortality benefit are still missing. Cardiogenic shock remains a perplexing and often fatal condition. The future may require more basic, translational and clinical research.

Religious Narrative

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Armin Geertz
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Religious Narrative ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

This introduction to the special issue on narrative discusses various ways of approaching religious narrative. It looks at various evolutionary hypotheses and distinguishes between three fundamental aspects of narrative: 1. the neurobiological, psychological, social and cultural mechanisms and processes, 2. the many media and methods used in human communication, and 3. the variety of expressive genres. The introduction ends with a definition of narrative.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

Development of Peptides that Inhibit Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and β-Lactamases for Control of Resistant Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011-1026
Author(s):  
Bruna O. Costa ◽  
Marlon H. Cardoso ◽  
Octávio L. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Target Interaction ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections

: Aminoglycosides and β-lactams are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in clinical practice. This occurs because they are capable of acting in the treatment of acute bacterial infections. However, the effectiveness of antibiotics has been constantly threatened due to bacterial pathogens producing resistance enzymes. Among them, the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and β-lactamase enzymes are the most frequently reported resistance mechanisms. AMEs can inactivate aminoglycosides by adding specific chemical molecules in the compound, whereas β-lactamases hydrolyze the β-lactams ring, preventing drug-target interaction. Thus, these enzymes provide a scenario of multidrug-resistance and a significant threat to public health at a global level. In response to this challenge, in recent decades, several studies have focused on the development of inhibitors that can restore aminoglycosides and β-lactams activity. In this context, peptides appear as a promising approach in the field of inhibitors for future antibacterial therapies, as multiresistant bacteria may be susceptible to these molecules. Therefore, this review focused on the most recent findings related to peptide-based inhibitors that act on AMEs and β-lactamases, and how these molecules could be used for future treatment strategies.

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