Meta-Analysis of Prevalence of Depression in Dental Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the mental health of the population in general, and in college students in particular. Dental students have seen their teaching altered and their clinical practice reduced. This study was aimed at conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting levels of depression among dental students during the COVID-19 and estimating the pooled prevalence of depression. Materials and Methods: Medline via PubMed and other databases were searched for studies on the prevalence of depression in dental undergraduates, published from 1 December 2019 to 1 September 2021. The pooled proportions of depression were calculated with random effects models. Results: We identified 13 studies from 9 countries. The pooled prevalence of depression in dental students was 37% (95% CI: 26–49%) with no variation due to gender, response rate or methodological quality. We only found a significantly higher prevalence of depression in studies from Asia compared to Europe and America. Conclusions: Our results suggest that dental students are suffering from higher levels of depression compared with the general population or other college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, with differences across regions. Measures to improve mental health and wellbeing of dental students during the pandemic are needed.

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Prevalence of Depression among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10153406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 3406

Author(s):

Beatriz Olaya ◽

María Pérez-Moreno ◽

Juan Bueno-Notivol ◽

Patricia Gracia-García ◽

Isabel Lasheras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Medical Doctors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Common Mental Health Problems

Background: There is evidence of a high psychological toll from the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare workers. This paper was aimed at conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting levels of depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 and estimating the pooled prevalence of depression. Methods: We searched for cross-sectional studies listed on PubMed from 1 December 2019 to 15 September 2020 that reported prevalence of depression in healthcare workers, nurses, medical doctors, and COVID-19 frontline professionals. The pooled proportions of depression were calculated with random effects models. Results: We identified 57 studies from seventeen countries. The pooled prevalence of depression in healthcare workers was 24% (95% CI: 20%−28%), 25% for nurses (95% CI: 18%−33%), 24% for medical doctors (95% CI: 16%−31%), and 43% for frontline professionals (95% CI: 28%−59%). Conclusions: The proportion of depression in nurses and medical doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to that found in the general population as previously reported in other meta-analyses conducted with smaller numbers of studies. Importantly, almost half of the frontline healthcare workers showed increased levels of depression. There is need for a comprehensive, international response to prevent and treat common mental health problems in healthcare workers.

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Psychological distress among healthcare providers during COVID-19 in Asia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0257983

Author(s):

Siew Mooi Ching ◽

Kar Yean Ng ◽

Kai Wei Lee ◽

Anne Yee ◽

Poh Ying Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Funnel Plot ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction COVID-19 pandemic is having a devastating effect on the mental health and wellbeing of healthcare providers (HCPs) globally. This review is aimed at determining the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, fear, burnout and resilience and its associated factors among HCPs in Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods We performed literature search using 4 databases from Medline, Cinahl, PubMed and Scopus from inception up to March 15, 2021 and selected relevant cross-sectional studies. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence while risk factors were reported in odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. Results We included 148 studies with 159,194 HCPs and the pooled prevalence for depression was 37.5% (95%CI: 33.8–41.3), anxiety 39.7(95%CI: 34.3–45.1), stress 36.4% (95%CI: 23.2–49.7), fear 71.3% (95%CI: 54.6–88.0), burnout 68.3% (95%CI: 54.0–82.5), and low resilience was 16.1% (95%CI: 12.8–19.4), respectively. The heterogeneity was high (I2>99.4%). Meta-analysis reported that both females (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.30–1.68) and nurses (OR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.02–1.45) were at increased risk of having depression and anxiety [(Female: OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.49–1.85), (Nurse: OR = 1.36; 95%CI = 1.16–1.58)]. Females were at increased risk of getting stress (OR = 1.59; 95%CI = 1.28–1.97). Conclusion In conclusion, one third of HCPs suffered from depression, anxiety and stress and more than two third of HCPs suffered from fear and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia.

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Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in china during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with meta-analysis

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.1177/0091217420978005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009121742097800

Author(s):

Syeda Beenish Bareeqa ◽

Syed Ijlal Ahmed ◽

Syeda Sana Samar ◽

Waqas Yasin ◽

Sani Zehra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Early Period ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Health Issues ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Care Workers ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Background The novel coronavirus disease which is believed to have initially originated in Wuhan city of China at the end of 2019 was declared as pandemic by March 2020 by WHO. This pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of communities around the globe. This project draws data from available research to quantify COVID-19 mental health issues and its prevalence in China during the early period of the COVID-19 crisis. It is believed that this pooling of data will give fair estimate of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Methods We conducted this study in accordance with PRISMA guidelines 2009. The protocol for this review is registered and published in PROSPERO (CRD42020182893). The databases used were Pubmed, Medline, Google scholar and Scopus. The studies were extracted according to pre-defined eligibility criteria and risk of bias assessment was conducted. The Meta-analysis was done using OpenMeta [analyst]. Results Total of 62382 participants in nineteen studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Stress was the most prevalent (48.1%) mental health consequence of Covid-19 pandemic, followed by depression (26.9%) and anxiety (21.8%). After performing subgroup analysis, prevalence of depression and anxiety in both females and frontline health care workers were high as compared to the prevalence in general Chinese population. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety is moderately high whereas pooled prevalence of stress was found to be very high in Chinese people during this Covid-19 crisis.

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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Li ◽

Aiwen Wang ◽

Yalin Wu ◽

Nana Han ◽

Huiming Huang

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Students ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Health Problems ◽

Chinese College Students ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Registration Number ◽

Psychological Pressure ◽

Review Protocol

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been spreading and brought unprecedented psychological pressure on people across the entire globe since December 2019.ObjectivesTo synthesize the existing evidence of the prevalence of mental health status during the epidemic and provide the basis for mental health education.Materials and methodsThe literature search was conducted in nine databases from December 2019 to October 2020. The risk of bias for each study was assessed, and the random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of specific mental health problems. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42020208619.ResultsAbout 27 studies were included in the analysis with a total of 706,415 participants combined, and 14 mental health problems were gathered. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of depression was 39% (95% CI: 27–51%) and that of anxiety was 36% (95% CI: 26–46%). Subgroup analysis indicated that the prevalence of depression and anxiety varied among nations and due to the survey date. The prevalence of depression (60%, 95% CI: 46–74%) and anxiety (60%, 95% CI: 46–74%) in non-Chinese college students was higher than those in Chinese college students (26%, 95% CI: 21–30% and 20%, 95% CI: 14–26%). The proportion of depression (54%, 95% CI: 40–67%) and anxiety (37%, 95% CI: 26–48%) was higher after March 1 than before it (21%, 95% CI: 16–25% and 19%, 95% CI: 13–25%).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis results presented that the prevalence of depression (39%) or anxiety (36%) among college students greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the mental health of college students is affected by the nations and the survey date. It was necessary to take measures to reduce mental health risks during the pandemic.

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Prevalence of depression among school going adolescents in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 833

Author(s):

Prashanthi Kamath ◽

Sushma Marita Dsouza ◽

Subhransu Mahapatra ◽

Sruthi Jayakumar

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

High School ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Based ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

The objective of this systematic review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression among schoolgoing adolescents in India by using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI 1 or BDI 2). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Google Scholar to identify cross-sectional school-based studies published during 1990-2020. Studies with pre-identified mental illness were excluded. Heterogeneity between studies were examined and estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot and Egger’s test. We included 13 studies in the meta-analysis. The random effect meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of depression among school going adolescents was 53% (95% CI: 41% - 65%). By gender, the prevalence was 50% (95 % CI: 38%–62%) in males and 57% (95% CI: 46% - 69%) in females. The subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence increased with the education levels (High school: 42%; High school and pre-university: 55%; and Pre-university: 67%). In this review we found that more than half of the school going adolescents in India suffered from depression that ranged from mild to severe. These results draw attention to re-look at the mental health policy and newer public health approaches to address depression. Further, strengthening school-based mental health services, along with the community and center-based care is crucial to prevent and effective management of depression among adolescents.

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Depression and Coping Styles of College Students in China During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.613321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Shengyu Guo ◽

Atipatsa Chiwanda Kaminga ◽

Jie Xiong

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Students ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Information Dissemination ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Background: The rapid spread and uncertain outcome of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) around the world have caused worry, fear, and stress among the general population. Nevertheless, the prevalence of depression among college students in China during lockdown, following the COVID-19 pandemic, and their coping strategies have not been quantitatively assessed.Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression among college students in China during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic and assess their coping strategies.Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the prevalence of depression among college students in China and their coping strategies.Results: The results indicated that, during lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence rates of college students in China suffering from mild, moderate, and severe depression were 25% (95% CI = 17–33%), 7% (95% CI = 2–14%), and 2% (95% CI = 1–5%), respectively. Besides, the proportion of college students who use WeChat and Weibo to acquire COVID-19 knowledge was 39% (95% CI = 13–68%), whereas the proportion of college students using mental health application services (APPs) to deal with depression was 59% (95% CI = 41–73%).Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among college students in China was high during the lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, considering the adverse outcomes of depression, it is imperative to screen college students in China for depression during the CIVID-19 pandemic and provide them with necessary psychological interventions to control and prevent depression. Social media platforms, such as WeChat and Weibo, and mental health APPs could provide an opportunity for psychological health information dissemination for college students. However, their effectiveness in reducing depression will have to be assessed.

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Changes in College Students’ Mental Health: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis

Acta Psychologica Sinica ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1041.2012.00664 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 664-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Zi-Qiang XIN ◽

Mei ZHANG ◽

Lin HE

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Students ◽

Meta Analysis

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Dyslipidaemia and mortality in COVID-19 patients - a meta-analysis

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab071 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Zuin ◽

Gianluca Rigatelli ◽

Claudio Bilato ◽

Carlo Cervellati ◽

Giovanni Zuliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Effects ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Short Term ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity ◽

Trim And Fill

Abstract Objective The prevalence and prognostic implications of pre-existing dyslipidaemia in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing dyslipidaemia. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. We searched MEDLINE and Scopus to locate all the articles published up to January 31, 2021, reporting data on dyslipidaemia among COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidaemia was calculated using a random effects model and presenting the related 95% confidence interval (CI), while the mortality risk was estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects models with odds ratio (OR) and related 95% CI. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic. Results Eighteen studies, enrolling 74.132 COVID-19 patients [mean age 70.6 years], met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 17.5% of cases (95% CI: 12.3-24.3%, p < 0.0001), with high heterogeneity (I2=98.7%). Pre-existing dyslipidaemia was significantly associated with higher risk of short-term death (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.19-2.41, p = 0.003), with high heterogeneity (I2=88.7%). Due to publication bias, according to the Trim-and-Fill method, the corrected random-effect ORs resulted 1.61, 95% CI 1.13-2.28, p < 0.0001 (one studies trimmed). Conclusions Dyslipidaemia represents a major comorbidity in about 18% of COVID-19 patients but it is associated with a 60% increase of short-term mortality risk.

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Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Health-Care Professionals in China: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Observational Surveys

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838018774429 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 498-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Li Lu ◽

Min Dong ◽

Shi-Bin Wang ◽

Ling Zhang ◽

Chee H. Ng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Policies And Procedures ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: In China, workplace violence (WPV) toward health-care professionals has been a major concern, but no meta-analysis on this topic has been published. This study is a meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of WPV against health-care professionals in China and its associated risk factors. Method: English- (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase) and Chinese-language (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Data on the prevalence of WPV and the subtypes of violence experienced by health-care professionals in China were extracted and pooled using random-effects models. Findings: A total of 47 studies covering 81,771 health-care professionals were included in the analyses. The overall prevalence of WPV from 44 studies with available data was 62.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [59.4%, 65.5%]). The estimated prevalence of physical violence, psychological violence, verbal abuse, threats, and sexual harassment were 13.7% (95% CI [12.2%, 15.1%]), 50.8% (95% CI [46.2%, 55.5%]), 61.2% (95% CI [55.1%, 67.4%]), 39.4% (95% CI [33.4%, 45.4%]), and 6.3% (95% CI [5.3%, 7.4%]), respectively. Males were more likely to experience WPV than females. Interpretation: WPV against health-care professionals appears to be a significant issue in China. Relevant policies and procedures related to WPV should be developed. Staff should be provided with adequate training, education, and support to implement violence management policies to ensure safety at the workplace.

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Exploring the impact of social inequality and poverty on the mental health and wellbeing and attainment of children and young people in Scotland

Improving Schools ◽

10.1177/1365480219835323 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 204-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joan Gaynor Mowat

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young People ◽

Social Inequality ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Children And Young People ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Impact

The poverty-related attainment gap is an internationally recognised problem. There is growing recognition that it cannot either be understood or addressed without taking cognisance of children’s mental health and wellbeing. The focus of this conceptual article is to examine the impact of social inequality and poverty on the mental health and wellbeing and attainment of children and young people in Scotland through the lens of resilience. While not a ‘state of the art’ literature review, a systematic approach was adopted in the selection of the literature and in the identification of themes to emerge from it. A range of risk and protective factors at the individual, social, societal and political levels emerged as impacting on the mental health and wellbeing and attainment of children living in poverty, and three important mediating variables are the negative impact of social stratification and adverse childhood experiences and the positive impact of a supportive adult. Schools alone cannot solve the problem. The findings revealed that there is a need to build a strong infrastructure around families and schools and to examine how economic, social, health and educational policy interact with each other as a starting point in addressing the problem, supported by inter-disciplinary research.

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