scholarly journals Silica Nanoparticles Reinforced Ionogel as Nonvolatile and Stretchable Conductors

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Shanshan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Pei Huang ◽  
Yamei Lu ◽  
Pengfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Breaking Strain ◽  
Ethyl Sulfate ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽  
Stretchable Conductors ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

Ionogels combine the advantages of being conductive, stretchable, transparent and nonvolatile, which makes them suitable to be applied as conductors for flexible electronic devices. In this paper, a series of ionogels based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl-sulfate ([C2mim][EtSO4]) and polyacrylic networks were prepared. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were dispersed into the ionogel matrix to enhance its mechanical properties. The thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of the ionogels with various contents of crosslinking agents and SNPs were studied. The results show that a small amount of SNP doping just increases the breaking strain/stress and the nonvolatility of ionogels, as well as maintaining adequate conductivity and a high degree of transparency. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate that SNP-reinforced ionogels can be applied as conductors for dielectric elastomer actuators and stretchable wires, as well as for signal transmission.

scholarly journals METAL COMPLEXES AS NEW PRO-ECOLOGICAL CROSSLINKING AGENTS FOR CHLOROPRENE RUBBER BASED ON HECK COUPLING REACTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dziemidkiewicz ◽  
Martyna Pingot ◽  
Magdalena Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Crosslinking Process ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

ABSTRACT The influence of new pro-ecological curing agents on the crosslinking process of chloroprene rubber (CR) was examined. The proposed curing system used a simpler recipe (no need to apply harmful products such as zinc oxide and ethylene thiourea) and cost less than standard metal oxides. It was expected that the mechanism of crosslinking would be similar to that of Heck-type reactions. Heck-type reactions are powerful tools for the creation of new C=C bonds. They provide the simplest and most efficient way to synthesize a variety of important compounds used in many areas, such as pharmaceuticals, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and industrial applications. However, despite their wide application, Heck-type reactions have not been used in the rubber industry so far. Rubber blends containing acetylacetonates with different transition metals as new crosslinking agents were filled with fumed silica Aerosil 380 or carbon black Corax N-550. It was found that metal complexes are active crosslinking agents of the CR composites. The obtained vulcanizates were characterized by a high degree of crosslinking and good mechanical properties. Considering the high tensile strength and degree of crosslinking, iron acetylacetonate was the most effective curing agent of the used metal complexes. Compared with the reference sample cured with metal oxides, the CR samples crosslinked using metal acetylacetonates had a higher activity.

Ceramic Siloxane Composite as a Future Elastomer Dielectric for Micro-Actuator Realization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiane Soulimane ◽  
Wen-Pin Shih ◽  
Marc Vedrenne ◽  
Henri Camon
Keyword(s):  
Actuation Voltage ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Micro Actuator ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Electrostatic Pressure

Polymer materials have been proposed to be good candidates for the development of new actuators. Due to their tunable mechanical and electrical properties, they can be used as electro-active devices. In this contribution, we focus on dielectric elastomers based actuators, and word toward establishing innovative and alternative integration/miniaturization processes inspired from microelectronics and MEMS technology. Dielectric elastomer actuators are made of an elastomer dielectric layer sandwiched between two conductive electrodes. Upon voltage application attraction forces between the electrodes generates a mechanical displacement correlated with the elastomer Young modulus and permittivity. Here, we propose to use the polydimethylesiloxane (PDMS) due to its high elasticity and its permittivity made adjustable by addition of ceramic nanoparticles. An original process for structuring PDMS layers is developed to overcome the technological challenges encountered during the integration of such materials in a micro-actuator. In this paper, we present several results of characterization that allowed us to better understand the physicochemical mechanisms involved at different technological steps for both the material alone or mixed with Titanate of Barium (TiO3Ba) nanoparticles. We also measured the permittivity and the elasticity modulus of these materials at the end of the manufacturing process thereby verifying the conservation and the enhancement of the initial properties that set our choice. These results are very promising for increasing the electrostatic pressure or to lower the actuation voltage. To make a prediction of permittivity by a mixing rule, we inspect some theories in this aim. Finally, we demonstrate that the actuation response of charged elastomer with TiO3Ba nanoparticles follows a hyperelastic behavior. This result is particularly helpful for the design of a micro-actuator in a given application.

Properties of a Trans-1,5-Polypentenamer Produced by Polymerization through Ring Cleavage of Cyclopentene

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Haas ◽  
K. Nützel ◽  
G. Pampus ◽  
D. Theisen
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Tire Industry ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

Abstract Trans-1,5-polypentenamer can be produced with a high degree of uniformity by solution polymerization using complex catalysts of the Ziegler/Natta type. The state of order of the polymer indicates a rubber with good low temperature properties and crystallization behavior similar to that of natural rubber. There is therefore a fundamental difference between this material and other synthetic rubbers of the general purpose type. Trans-1,5-polypentenamer is easy to process, can be heavily loaded, and is therefore inexpensive to compound. Even when small amounts of the crosslinking agents are used, a high cross-linking yield is obtained and this makes it possible to produce vulcanizates that are resistant to dynamical stresses. As high green strength and good tack are present simultaneously, the material is suitable for use in the tire industry, particularly in carcass production.

scholarly journals Effect of Filler Alignment on Piezo-Resistive and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Kim ◽  
Soon-Kook Hong ◽  
Jae-Kwan Ryu ◽  
Sung-Hoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Cyclic Stretching ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Polarized Raman ◽  
High Degree

Highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) polymer composites were fabricated via a roll-to-roll milling process; the alignment of the MWCNTs could be controlled by varying the speed of the rotating rolls. The effect of MWCNT alignment on the polymer matrix was morphologically observed and quantitatively characterized using polarized Raman spectroscopy. To provide a more detailed comparison, MWCNT composites with alignment in the transverse direction and random alignment were fabricated and tested. Enhanced mechanical and electrical properties were obtained for the aligned MWCNT composite, which can be attributed to the efficient electrical network and load transfer, respectively. In addition, a cyclic stretching test was conducted to evaluate the piezo-resistive characteristics of the aligned MWCNT composites. The composites with an aligned filler configuration showed an exceptionally high degree of strain sensitivity compared to the other composites.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF IMPACT OF CROSSLINKING AGENTS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SPATIAL NET AND PROPERTIES OF STYRENE-ACRYLIC POLYMER FILMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Inna Slepchuk ◽  
Olga Ya. Semeshko ◽  
Tatiana S. Asaulyuk ◽  
Yuliya G. Saribekova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Film ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acrylic Polymer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

The influence of crosslinking agents on the characteristics and properties of films from aqueous dispersions of styrene-acrylic polymers Lacritex 309, 430 and 640 was studied in order to obtain coatings on textile materials. Mono-, di- and triglycidyl esters are chosen as crosslinking agents. The choice of aqueous dispersions of polymers and crosslinkers is due to strict environmental requirements for textile products. By determining the amount of aceton-insoluble fractions of the formed polymer films, it was determined that the incorporation of crosslinkers is required in the Lacritex dispersion 640, and the films based on Lacritex 430 and 309 are distinguished by a high degree of intermolecular crosslinking. Optimum concentrations of crosslinkers have been established, which provide a high degree of curing of Lacritex 640. Using the sol-gel method, the structural parameters of the spatial nets of styrene-acrylic polymers (the part of sol fraction, the degree of crosslinking, the part of active chains, the average molecular weight of the chain segment, the crosslink density) were calculated. The polymer films from the individual polymer Lacritex 430 have the highest indexes of physic mechanical characteristics. Lacritex 640/Laproxide 703 compositions can be used as polymer matrixes for textile materials. The formation of crosslinks of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the styrene-acrylic polymer with epoxy groups of the crosslinking agent was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The investigation of the effect of water and soap-soda treatments at various temperatures shows that the films under study have high resistance to water and soap-soda solution. The results of investigation of the tensile strength, the elongation at break, the hardness of the coating surface by the Koenig method and the stickiness according to the FINAT method (Test Method Number 9) of the formed polymer films indicate high physical and mechanical properties such as increased mechanical strength and elasticity, reduced hardness and tackiness. Thus, based on the studies carried out, it can be concluded that the individual styrene-acrylic Lacritex polymers 309 and 430 provide the formation of a strong three-dimensional spatial structure of the polymer film and can be used without crosslinking agents. The use of Lacritex 640 is possible in the composition together with the Laproxide 703 crosslinking agent at an optimum concentration of 4%. A polymer film based on this composition has a high degree of crosslinking, and as a result, increased resistance to organic solvents, reduced hydrolytic degradation at high temperatures, and increased physico-mechanical properties. A polymer film based on this composition has a high degree of crosslinking, hence, has increased resistance to organic solvents, reduced hydrolytic degradation at high temperatures, and increased physical and mechanical properties. Forcitation:Slepchuk I., Semeshko O.Ya., Asaulyuk T.S., Saribekova Yu.G. Investigation of impact of rosslinking agents on characteristics of spatial net and properties of styrene-acrylic polymer films. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 7. P. 67-75

Preparation and Characterization of Poly(Acrylamide)/Silica Nanocomposite Gels

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1252-1256
Author(s):  
Li Li Wu ◽  
Ling Zi Zeng ◽  
Hai Bo Chen ◽  
Chao Can Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Polymer Particle ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Nanocomposite Gels ◽  
Silica Nanocomposite ◽  
Afm Micrographs ◽  
High Degree

A series of PAM/silica nanocomposite (NC) gels using silica sol as the inorganic component were prepared by in situ free-radical polymerization. The addition of silica sol was first used to bring silica nanoparticles to form organic (polymer)/inorganic system. Results from the swelling experiment indicated that the effect of silica particle was nevertheless rather complex as polymer/particle binding. Additionally, it revealed that the swelling ratio of the NC gels with a certain silica content increased with the increasing pH value. Moreover, it exhibited absorption of the polymer onto silica because the chemical cross-linked PAM has changed to the organic/inorganic system. The spectroscopic results showed that the silica nanoparticles formed by silica sol promoted high degree of attachment to the polymer chain. The AFM micrographs displayed that silica particles were of nano degree and in the monodisperse. Both evidences proved that the organic/inorganic system was effectively formed through the addition of silica sol.

scholarly journals New Technological Approach in Fabrication of High Purity Nickel Wire

2017 ◽  
Vol 892 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Theodor Stuth ◽  
Rainer Theile ◽  
Oleksandra Krivtsova
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Nickel Wire ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Controlling Instruments

Hpulcas GmbH has developed a process of high purity nickel wire manufacturing directly from cathode plates without melting. This means significantly lower capital investments and energy costs as compared to the standard manufacturing technology by melting on the one hand and remaining of the high degree of purity on the other hand. Hpulcas wire is produced by the hot rolling of full cathode plates, slitting the plates into sticks, frontal joining and drawing.High purity nickel has such beneficial properties as microcleanliness, excellent mechanical and electrical properties and beneficial corrosion resistance. These properties have been used in batteries and fuel cell components, welding and brazing products, and sensing and controlling instruments.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of a New Surface-Modified Nanoparticle Using Fluoroalkanoic Acids as a Wettability Alteration Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kenny Ganie ◽  
Dzeti Farhah Mohshim ◽  
Ismail Mohd Saaid ◽  
Wan Rosli Wan Sulaiman ◽  
Ahmad Kamal Idris
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Liquid Repellency ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Surface Modified Nanoparticles

Previously, condensate banking removal in gas reservoir is mitigated using chemical treatments to alter the wettability of the near-wellbore region. However, this technique performed unsatisfactorily as it reduces the surface free energy and affects the gas relative permeability negatively. Hence, alternative surface-modified nanoparticles using fluorine-based chemicals were developed as wettability alteration agents since fluorine exhibits a high degree of liquid repellency and nanoparticles introduce high surface roughness. The newly synthesized surface-modified nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, DLS, FESEM, and TGA. FTIR results highlight the characteristic absorption of Si-O-C group at peak 1105 and 1106 cm-1 in both fluoroalkanoic acids, demonstrating that fluorochemical molecules have been successfully coated onto silica nanoparticles. Nanoparticle sizes measured by DLS reported higher value than FESEM due to agglomeration, and the DLS measurement was done in hydrodynamic conditions. TGA analysis reveals decomposition at temperature between 100 and 150°C, indicating that these surface-modified nanoparticles can be utilized in an environment below 100°C. Higher decomposition was perceived on PFNA-modified nanoparticles as a thicker coating of PFNA is shrouding the silica nanoparticles compared to PFOA. Implications of the results will path the way for future research direction in using fluorine-based surface-modified nanoparticles as wettability alteration agents.

scholarly journals The Use of Information and Communication Technology for Determining the Level Mobility in Joint in Physical Education of Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Koryahin ◽  
O. Blavt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Test Task ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
High Degree

The study objective is tothe substantiation and implementation of modern ICT for improving the testing of mobility in the joints in physical education of students. The task of our work is the is the development of tools that will allow researchers in the sphere of physical training to determine parameters of flexibility with a high degree of accuracy and reliability.  Materials and methods. To solve the research tasks used the methods of comparing and contrasting are used and analysis, synthesis, abstraction, formalization and scientific modelling.  Results. The method of flexibility testing with the use of an electronic ruler was developed. Functioning of the electronic ruler is based on measuring changes of the electric capacitance formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate of metal electrodes when the student touches it with his hand in the course of the test task. When performing the test task, the subject of monitoring touches with the hand the ruler, which registers the exercise process and its outcome. The resulting signal is processed promptly by the signal transducer placed in the ruler. Then the digital signal enters the processor that ensures its further conversion and signal transmission to the personal computer.  Conclusions. The main results of the research–scientific substantiation and implementation of the developed technology and method of recording the results of measurements in the tests, which are aimed to assess the physical of mobility in the joints by using electronic ruler designed on the basis of modern ICT. We have developed and offer methods by means of which, with a high degree of accuracy, one can determine the level of flexibility. For the first time the possibility of their use in the practice in physical education of students is shown and this allows to provide the rapid obtaining of reliable test data.

Tissue section lifting for electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Adrian F. van Dellen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Specific Determination ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

The morphologic pathologist may require information on the ultrastructure of a non-specific lesion seen under the light microscope before he can make a specific determination. Such lesions, when caused by infectious disease agents, may be sparsely distributed in any organ system. Tissue culture systems, too, may only have widely dispersed foci suitable for ultrastructural study. In these situations, when only a few, small foci in large tissue areas are useful for electron microscopy, it is advantageous to employ a methodology which rapidly selects a single tissue focus that is expected to yield beneficial ultrastructural data from amongst the surrounding tissue. This is in essence what "LIFTING" accomplishes. We have developed LIFTING to a high degree of accuracy and repeatability utilizing the Microlift (Fig 1), and have successfully applied it to tissue culture monolayers, histologic paraffin sections, and tissue blocks with large surface areas that had been initially fixed for either light or electron microscopy.

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