scholarly journals Modelling and Experimental Validation of the Porosity Effect on the Behaviour of Nano-Crystalline Materials

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Bazios ◽  
Konstantinos Tserpes ◽  
Spiros Pantelakis
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Porosity Effect ◽  
Grain Diameter

Nano-crystalline metals have attracted considerable attention over the past two decades due to their increased mechanical properties as compared to their microcrystalline counterparts. However, the behaviour of nano-crystalline metals is influenced by imperfections introduced during synthesis or heat treatment. These imperfections include pores, which are mostly located in the area of grain boundaries. To study the behaviour of multiphase nano-crystalline materials, a novel fully parametric algorithm was developed. The data required for implementing the developed numerical model were the volume fraction of the alloying elements and their basic properties as well as the density and the size of randomly distributed pores. To validate the developed algorithm, the alloy composition 75 wt% tungsten and 25 wt% copper was examined experimentally under compression tests. For the investigation, two batches of specimens were used; a batch having a coarse-grained microstructure with an average grain diameter of 150 nm and a nanocrystalline batch having a grain diameter of 100 nm, respectively. The porosity of both batches was derived to range between 9% and 10% based on X-ray diffraction analyses. The results of quasi-static compression testing revealed that the nanocrystalline W-Cu material exhibited brittle behaviour which was characterised by an elastic deformation that led to fracture without remarkable plasticity. A compressive strength of about 1100 MPa was derived which was more than double compared to conventional W-Cu samples. Finite element simulations of the behaviour of porous nano-crystalline materials were performed and compared with the respective experimental compression tests. The numerical model and experimental observations were in good agreement.

Quasi-State Compressive Properties of Functionally Graded Aluminum Matrix Syntactic Foams

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 878-883
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Su ◽  
Mo Qiu Li ◽  
Thomas Fiedler ◽  
Hai Hao
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Syntactic Foams ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Plateau Stress

The uniform aluminum matrix syntactic foams (SFs) were prepared by the stir casting method, with alumina hollow spheres (2-3 mm and 3-4 mm) and expanded glass (2-3 mm) as reinforcements, and ZL111 aluminum alloy as matrix. The functionally graded aluminum matrix syntactic foams (FG-SFs) were obtained by superimposing two uniform aluminum matrix syntactic foams. Quasi-static compression tests were performed. The plateau stress of FG-SFs containing only hollow spheres decreased slightly with increasing volume fraction of SF containing 3-4 mm hollow spheres. The FG-SFs containing 2-3 mm hollow spheres and 2-3 mm expanded glass showed the highest plateau stress. The energy absorption behavior of all samples fluctuated in a small range. The initial position of shear band depended on the volume fraction of uniform aluminum matrix syntactic foams, reinforcement type and size. The cracks always appeared first in the uniform aluminum matrix syntactic foams containing expanded glass.

Effects of Strain Rate and Grain Size on Behavior of Nano Crystalline Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Jafari Nedoushan ◽  
Mahmoud Farzin ◽  
Mohammad Mashayekhi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Grain Boundary Sliding ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Nano Crystalline

Recent Experiments on Nano-Crystalline Materials Show an Increase of Strain-Rate Sensitivity in Contrast to the Conventional Coarse-Grained Materials. these Materials Also Show a Different Grain Size Dependency as Compared to Coarse-Grained Materials. to Explain these Issues, a Constitutive Equation Is Proposed which Considers Dominant Deformation Mechanisms Including Grain Interior Plasticity, Grain Boundary Diffusion and Grain Boundary Sliding. the Stresses Obtained from these Constitutive Equations Match Well with the Experimental Data for Nanocrystalline Copper at Different Strains and Strain Rates. the Model Also Well Predicts Variation of Strain Rate Sensitivity Parameter. this Variation Can Be Explained with Regard to the above Mentioned Effective Deformation Mechanisms. Deviation from the Hall-Petch Law and Inverse Hall-Petch Effect Are Also Well Illustrated by the Model.

scholarly journals Quantitative grain-scale ferroic domain volume fractions and domain switching strains from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jette Oddershede ◽  
Marta Majkut ◽  
Qinghua Cao ◽  
Søren Schmidt ◽  
Jonathan P. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domain Switching ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Ferroic Materials

A method for the extension of the three-dimensional X-ray diffraction technique to allow the extraction of domain volume fractions in polycrystalline ferroic materials is presented. This method gives access to quantitative domain volume fractions of hundreds of independent embedded grains within a bulk sample. Such information is critical to furthering our understanding of the grain-scale interactions of ferroic domains and their influence on bulk properties. The method also provides a validation tool for mesoscopic ferroic domain modelling efforts. The mathematical formulations presented here are applied to tetragonal coarse-grained Ba0.88Ca0.12Zr0.06Ti0.94O3and rhombohedral fine-grained (0.82)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–(0.18)Bi0.5K0.5TiO3electroceramic materials. The fitted volume fraction information is used to calculate grain-scale non-180° ferroelectric domain switching strains. The absolute errors are found to be approximately 0.01 and 0.03% for the tetragonal and rhombohedral cases, which had maximum theoretical domain switching strains of 0.47 and 0.54%, respectively. Limitations and possible extensions of the technique are discussed.

scholarly journals Composite Materials Fabricated of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Metallic Powders

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-749
Author(s):  
Cosmin Codrean ◽  
Cristian Cosma ◽  
Dacian ToȘa ◽  
DragoȘ Buzdugan ◽  
Adrian Ilie Dume
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Glassy Alloy ◽  
Bulk Metallic Glasses ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Nanocrystalline Alloy ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

The bulk metallic glasses composites are a new class of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), containing an amorphous metal matrix and reinforcing materials of metallic or ceramic nature in order to obtaining the desired combination of mechanical properties including strength, hardness, ductility and toughness. Composite materials of cylindrical form with the diameter of 10 mm and 5 mm in height were successfully prepared by hot-pressing of Zr - based glassy alloy powder and Fe - based nanocrystalline alloy powder in different volume fraction. The samples obtained were structural investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction and mechanically characterized by hardness and compression tests. It was found that increasing the volume ratio of the Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy up to a certain value leads to an increase in hardness and mechanical compressive strength.

Nanocrystalline NiAl-TiC Composites Sintered by the Pulse Plasma Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Rosiński ◽  
Andrzej Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Pulse Plasma ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Method ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Crystalline Microstructure

The paper presents the results of the examination of nanocrystalline NiAl-TiC composites with 25 wt.% and 40 wt.% of TiC. The starting materials were coarse-grained powders which were subjected to mechanical refining to obtain a nano-crystalline grain size. These powders were then sintered using the pulse plasma method. After sintering the NiAl-TiC composites have a density of 99.9% of the theoretical value. The grain size, determined by X-ray diffraction using the Hall-Williamson method; density; hardness and fracture toughness of the composites were investigated. The results obtained showed that the pulse plasma sintered NiAl-TiC have a density very close to the theoretical value and that the nano-crystalline microstructure was maintained. The NiAl-TiC composites containing 25wt.% of TiC have a hardness of 750 HV1 and a stress intensity factor KIC of 7 MPa⋅m1/2, whereas those containing 40 wt.% of TiC have a hardness of 1070 HV1 and KIC of 11.8 MPa⋅m1/2.

Defect chemistry and electrical properties of a Pr-CeO2 solid solution: From nano- to micro-scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Bishop ◽  
J-J. Kim ◽  
N. Thompson ◽  
H. L. Tuller
Keyword(s):  
Defect Formation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Cerium Carbonate

ABSTRACTIn nano-crystalline ceramics, the grain boundary volume fraction is large relative to that in micro-crystalline materials and can therefore become the dominant factor in determining its electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Reduced enthalpies of defect formation for nanocrystalline Pr0.1Ce0.9O2-δ , derived from thermo-gravimetric and impedance spectroscopy measurements, are reported. In addition, observations of cerium carbonate formation on nanoporous materials and implications for thermo-gravimetric analysis are discussed.

Electron Microscopy of Shock Loaded Polycrystalline Beryllium

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 506-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Galbraith ◽  
L. E. Murr ◽  
A. L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Uniaxial compression tests and hydrostatic tests at pressures up to 27 kbars have been performed to determine operating slip systems in single crystal and polycrystal1ine beryllium. A recent study has been made of wave propagation in single crystal beryllium by shock loading to selectively activate various slip systems, and this has been followed by a study of wave propagation and spallation in textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. An alteration in the X-ray diffraction pattern has been noted after shock loading, but this alteration has not yet been correlated with any structural change occurring during shock loading of polycrystal1ine beryllium.This study is being conducted in an effort to characterize the effects of shock loading on textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. Samples were fabricated from a billet of Kawecki-Berylco hot pressed HP-10 beryllium.

scholarly journals Effect of the γ→ε Phase Transition on Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) of Nickel-Free High Nitrogen Steel at Low Temperatures

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Natalia Narkevich ◽  
Yevgeny Deryugin ◽  
Yury Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Transformation Induced Plasticity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Ε Phase ◽  
Ε Martensite

The deformation behavior, mechanical properties, and microstructure of Fe-Cr-Mn-0.53%N austenitic stainless steel were studied at a temperature range of 77 up to 293 K. The dynamics of the steel elongation were non-monotonic with a maximum at 240–273 K, when peaks of both static atom displacements from their equilibrium positions in austenite and residual stresses in the tensile load direction were observed. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the only stress-induced γ→ε-martensite transformation occurred upon deformation (no traces of the γ→α′ one was found). In this case, the volume fraction of ε-martensite was about 2–3%. These transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) patterns were discussed in terms of changes in the phase composition of steel as the root cause.

Effect of the BSCCO superconducting properties by tiny Y2O3 addition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (26) ◽  
pp. 1650328
Author(s):  
Yan Dong ◽  
Aimin Sun ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Hongtao Zhang ◽  
Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Critical Transition Temperature ◽  
Solid State Reaction Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Addition ◽  
One Step ◽  
Step Transition ◽  
Y2o3 Addition

In this paper, the effect of tiny Y2O3 addition in (Bi,[Formula: see text]Pb)-2223 superconductor prepared by solid state reaction technique was studied. The properties of samples have been investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), resistance–temperature ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]) curve, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD data indicated that all samples are multiphase and the major phases are high-temperature phases and low-temperature phases. The volume fraction of (Bi,[Formula: see text]Pb)-2223 is not great change with tiny Y2O3 addition. All samples exhibit superconducting phase with the critical transition temperature and one-step transition, however, the transition width was decreased with the Y2O3 addition up to 0.04 wt.% and sharp increased with the excessive oxide addition. SEM pictures show that the Y2O3 appeared on the flake-type grains surface obviously, but the number and size of the hole between grains are decreased in the 0.04 wt.% addition.

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