scholarly journals Different Response of Cast and 3D-Printed Co-Cr-Mo Alloy to Heat Treatment: A Thorough Microstructure Characterization

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Michaela Roudnicka ◽  
Jiri Bigas ◽  
Orsolya Molnarova ◽  
David Palousek ◽  
Dalibor Vojtech
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
Subsequent Aging ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Progressive Technology ◽  
Different Response

The Co-Cr-Mo alloy is a biomaterial with very good corrosion resistance and wear resistance; thus, it is widely applied for knee replacements. The wear resistance is influenced by the amount of hcp phase and morphology of carbidic precipitates, which can both be altered by heat treatment. This study compares a conventional knee replacement manufactured by investment casting with a material prepared by the progressive technology of 3D printing. The first set of results shows a different response of both materials in increasing hardness with annealing at increasing temperatures up to the transformation temperature. Based on these results, solution treatment and subsequent aging at conditions to reach the maximum hardness was applied. Microstructural changes were studied thoroughly by means of optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. While increased hardness in the conventional material is caused by the precipitation of fine hard carbides combined with an increase in the hcp phase by isothermal transformation, a massive fcc → hcp transformation is the main cause for the hardness increase in the 3D-printed material.

scholarly journals The effect of aging processes on tribo-metallurgy properties of al based ternary alloys product by P/M technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-456
Author(s):  
Yavuz Kaplan ◽  
Sinan Aksöz ◽  
Hakan Ada ◽  
Emre İnce ◽  
Serkan Özsoy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Aging Heat Treatment ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
Al Matrix Composites ◽  
Hardness Values

In this study, Al matrix composites consisting of different amounts of Zn, Cu, and Mg were produced using the powder metallurgy technique. In the alloying, powders were ball milled for 120 min via mechanical alloying. After alloying process, the powders were pressed at 800 MPa at room temperature. Sintering (2 h at 600?C in argon atmosphere), solution treatment (2 h at 480?C), and aging processes (3, 6, 9, and 12 h, respectively, at 120?C) were applied to the samples. The hardness and tribo-metallurgy properties of the products were investigated. After sintering, the hardness values of the three alloys were close to each other; however, the solution treatment after sintering caused the hardness values to increase significantly. It was determined that the Al-2Zn-5Cu-4Mg alloy had the highest hardness increase with the 6-h aging heat treatment. The wear resistance of the materials in all the compositions had increased. The highest wear resistance and lowest friction coefficient were obtained for the Al-2Zn-5Cu-4Mg alloy with the 6-h aging heat treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of T6 on Mechanical Properties of TiB and Sr Modified ADC12/SiC Composite Produced by Stir Casting

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Pritamara Wahyuningtyas ◽  
Anne Zulfia Syahrial ◽  
Wahyuaji Narottama Putra ◽  
Budi Wahyu Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Grain Refiner ◽  
Brake Shoe ◽  
The Impact

A study of ADC12 (Al-Si aluminium alloy) composite is conducted to obtain a more sustainable material with enhanced properties for automotive industry purpose, such as train's brake shoe and bearing application. For those kind of utilization, material with durability, good elastic modulus, thermal stability, wear resistance, and high strength properties is needed due to its exposure to high temperature and heavy continuous application. ADC 12 acts as the matrix, reinforced with 3 vf% micro-SiC with 5 wt% Mg wetting agent was fabricated by the stir casting method. The addition of 0.18 wt% Sr and 0.15 wt% TiB were expected to finer the grain morphology of the silicone eutectic phase and to acts as the grain refiner, respectively. Furthermore, T6 heat treatment was applied with aging temperature 150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C, and 230 °C, following the prior 1 h 490 °C solution treatment. The results obtained in this work showed enhancement in tensile strength with the value of 213 MPa, hardness value 75 HRB, and wear resistance. These values increase up to 115 MPa for the UTS and 38 HRB for the hardness value, as the impact of the refined grains from both modifiers and heat treatment.

scholarly journals Study of the precipitation hardening process in recycled Al-Si-Cu cast alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kuchariková ◽  
E. Tillová ◽  
M. Matvija ◽  
J. Belan ◽  
M. Chalupová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cast Alloys

AbstractThe formation of extremely small uniformly dispersed particles of a second phase within the original phase matrix during heat treatment changed material properties. Therefore the characterization of precipitation had been investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction of thin foils for an AlSi9Cu3 cast alloy. For investigation the hardening effect onto mechanical properties of aluminium cast was used heat treatment, which consisted from solution treatment at 515°C / 4 hours (h), followed by quenching into water with temperature 50°C and artificial aging using different temperatures 170°C and 190°C with different holding time 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 hours. The observations of microstructure and substructure reveals that precipitation hardening has caused great changes in size, morphology and distributions of structural components, the formation of precipitates of Cu phases, and the change of mechanical properties as well.

scholarly journals Durability of MAR-247 and IN-713C Nickel Superalloys under Cyclic Creep Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
M. Cieśla ◽  
F. Binczyk ◽  
G. Junak ◽  
M. Mańka ◽  
P. Gradoń
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Cyclic Creep ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Creep Process ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Subsequent Aging ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Test Conditions

Abstract Paper presents the assessment of impact of heat treatment on durability in low-cycle fatigue conditions (under constant load) in castings made using post-production scrap of MAR-247 and IN-713C superalloys. Castings were obtained using modification and filtration methods. Additionally, casting made of MAR-247 were subjected to heat treatment consisting of solution treatment and subsequent aging. During low-cycle fatigue test the cyclic creep process were observed. It was demonstrated that the fine-grained samples have significantly higher durability in test conditions and , at the same time, lower values of plastic deformation to rupture Δϵpl. It has been also proven that durability of fine-grained MAR-247 samples can be further raised by about 60% using aforementioned heat treatment.

TEM Investigations of Electron 21 Magnesium Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kiełbus
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cast Condition ◽  
Cast Microstructure

The paper presents results of TEM investigations of Elektron 21 magnesium alloy in as cast condition and after heat treatment. The compositions of the Elektron 21 alloy used in the present study was Mg-2,7%wtNd-1,2%wtGd-0,47%wtZr. Solution heat treatment was performed at 520°C/8 h/water. Ageing treatments were performed at 200°C/4÷96h and 300°C/48h with cooling in air. The as-cast microstructure and microstructural evolution during heat treatment were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Samples were prepared using Gatan PIPS ion mill. Examinations were performed in a JEM 2010 ARP microscope. The microstructure of the cast alloy consists of a-Mg phase matrix with precipitates of Mg12(Ndx,Gd1-x) phase at grain boundaries. After solution treatment the Mg12(Ndx,Gd1-x) phase dissolved in the matrix. The ageing treatment applied after solution treatment with air-cooling caused precipitation of a β’ and β phases.

scholarly journals Influence of heat treatment on the wear resistance of the ZnAl40Cu1.5Ti1.5 alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michalik ◽  
A. Iwaniak ◽  
J. Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ageing Time ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Dimensional Instability

Abstract Zn-Al-Cu alloys are predominantly used due to their tribological properties. One of the crucial issues related to the use of Zn-Al alloys is their dimensional instability. Partial replacement of copper with titanium greatly contributes to the reduction of the dimensional instability issue. The study involved the ZnAl40Cu1.5Ti1.5 alloy. In this work, microstructure and wear properties of ZnAl40Cu1.5Ti1.5 alloy were studied in both as-cast and heat treated conditions. The heat treatment was performed by solution treatment at a temperature of 385°C for 24 hours, quenching in cold water and artificial aging at 125°C for 3 hours. The hardness tests enabled to specify the optimum ageing time span, which amounts to 3 hours. Wear tests indicated that the ZnAl40Cu1.5Ti1.5 alloy is characterized with high wear resistance. It was also observed that the applied heat treatment increases the wear resistance of the experimental alloy.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Hardness and Wear of Aluminum Alloy 332

2015 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fizam Zainon ◽  
Khairel Rafezi Ahmad ◽  
Ruslizam Daud
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Eutectic Silicon ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature Aging ◽  
Temperature Aging ◽  
Silicon Particles

This paper describes a study on the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure, hardness and wear of aluminum alloys 332 (AlSi9Cu3Mg). The solution treatment was performed at 500°C for 5 hours and then quenched in water at room temperature. Aging was performed at 170°C for 2 hours. The findings revealed that after a full heat treatment, the structure of the eutectic silicon formed toward fragmentation and spheroidization, and the silicon particles became coarse (look-like rounded). Hard intermetallic compound (Mg2Si) appeared on the microstructure after the aging treatment completed. Compared to the as-cast, the hardness of the alloys has improved to 44.84%, and the wear rate of the solution treatment had decreased to 26% while the aging treatment showed a deterioration of 79.42%. The study concludes that aging treatment improves the hardness of AA332 alloys and enhanced the wear resistance of the substance.

Influence of Solute Addition in the Microstructure and Hardness of the Al-Si-Cu Alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Medrano-Prieto ◽  
C.G. Garay-Reyes ◽  
C.D. Gómez-Esparza ◽  
R. Martínez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
A319 Alloy ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance

ABSTRACTCommercial aluminum alloys corresponding to Al-Cu-Si family are commonly used in casting and molding process because their high castability. The main characteristics of these alloys are the excellent weight/strength relation in conjunction with wear and corrosion resistance. Additionally, the mechanical properties of these alloys could be enhanced by heat treatment.In Al A319 alloys, Cu and Mg are the main responsible to increase the mechanical properties after T6 heat treatment due to the precipitation of Al2Cu and Mg2Si and Al2CuMg phase [1]. Combined effects of Ni and Cu improve strength and hardness at relatively elevated temperature [2], Due to the low solubility of Ni in Al (0.04%), it has been reported the formation of FeAl9FeNi-type intermetallic, which is not totally dissolved with the typical solution treatments used in aluminum alloys [3]. Hayajneh et al., found that increasing amounts of intermetallic compounds Al3Ni, Al3(CuNi)2 and Al7Cu4Ni in Al-Cu alloy, the hardness increase [4].The effect of Ni addition and solution treatment time on the microstructure and hardness of the Al A319 alloy are studied by Vickers microhardness (VHN), Rockwell B hardness (HRB), X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Sand-Cast Mg-Gd-Y Magnesium Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Cai Liu ◽  
Liang Cao ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
H.R. Jafari Nodooshan ◽  
Guo Hua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Subsequent Aging ◽  
Sand Cast ◽  
T6 Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Mechanical Properties

Abstract. In the present work, T6 heat treatment (solution treatment and subsequent aging) of the sand-cast Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy was optimized by measuring both hardness vs aging time process curves and tensile properties of the differently T6 treated alloys at room temperature. Then the high temperature tensile properties of the studied alloys at the optimum T6 heat treatment were investigated systematically. The temperature range of the tensile tests was 25 °C to 300 °C. The results show that the optimum T6 heat treatment for sand-cast Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.5Zr alloy is 525°C×12h+250°C×10h. The T6 treated alloy exhibits significant anomalous strength behaviour from 25 °C to 300 °C, i.e., both tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the studied alloy first increased with increasing of temperature, and then decreased as the temperature increased further. Comparatively, elongation increased continuously with increasing temperature.

CYCLOPS SCK

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel ◽  
Minimum Distortion

Abstract CYCLOPS SCK is a cold-work tool steel with a balanced composition to provide air hardening and an optimum combination of toughness, wear resistance and minimum distortion during heat treatment. Typical applications are shear blades, trimming dies and forming rolls, including grade rolls for cutlery and flatware. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-346. Producer or source: Cyclops Corporation.

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