scholarly journals Demulsification Behavior of Alkali and Organic Acid in Zinc Extraction

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1833
Author(s):  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Feiyu Meng ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Qaing Zhong ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Zinc Hydroxide ◽  
Zinc Extraction ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Control Solution

Alkali agents could be used to enhance the extraction of zinc from solution of high concentration, but excess alkali can sensitively lead to emulsification of the solution. In this paper, the emulsification in the extraction process, demulsification, and extraction with different additives and its action mechanism were studied. The results indicate that the associated addition of alkali and organic acid could eliminate emulsification and improve zinc extraction. The extraction ratio of zinc reached 99.61% under the conditions of 104 mL/L organic acid, 80 g/L alkali, and 40% extractant concentration. Zinc hydroxide formed from hydroxyl and zinc ion at sensitively increased pH was the cause of emulsification during extraction. Associated addition of alkali and organic acid could contribute to the control solution pH in the range of 3.0–4.0, which is lower than that of the formation of zinc hydroxide, and therefore, improve zinc extraction.

POTASSIUM-SODIUM SELECTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER AS INFLUENCED BY CALCIUM SUPPLY UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS / SELECTIVIDAD DEL GIRASOL RESPECTO AL POTASIO Y SODIO BAJO LA INFLUENCIA DE LA PROVISION DEL POTASIO Y LAS CONDITIONES DE SALINIDAD / SÉLECTIVITÉ DU TOURNESOL EN CE QUI CONCERNE LE POTASSIUM ET LE SODIUM SOUS L’EFFET DE L’APPPORT DE CALCIUM DANS DES CONDITIONS SALINES

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Arshad Ali ◽  
M. Salim Badr-u-Zaman ◽  
Rahmatullah Badr-u-Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Calcium Supply ◽  
Hydroponic Study

SUMMARY A hydroponic study was conducted to investigate the influence of Ca supply on K+/Na+ selectivity of sunflower at 0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl in root medium. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Hysun-33) seeds were germinated in moist quartz sand and twelve-day old seedlings were foam-plugged in lids of plastic pots each containing 2.5 l of continuously aerated half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution without calcium salts. The solution pH was adjusted to 5.9 by adding HCl and NaOH. There were three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) and two calcium levels (5 and 10 mM CaCl2). The experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates. At low concentration of calcium (5 mM), sunflower growth decreased drastically with increasing concentration of NaCl in nutrient solution. On the other hand, plants grown in high concentration of NaCl experienced less damage with relatively higher concentration of calcium. At relatively higher concentration of calcium (10 mM Ca), sunflower plants absorbed and translocated relatively more potassium and less sodium, than at low concentration of calcium (5 mM Ca), demonstrating the positive role of calcium in alleviating the hazardous effects of salinity on sunflower growth.

scholarly journals The Effect of Operating Conditions on Curcumin Extracted from Turmeric by Hydrothermal Extraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 19001
Author(s):  
Mohamad Endy Yulianto ◽  
Rizka Amalia ◽  
Vita Paramita ◽  
Indah Hartati ◽  
Nissa Ayu Maulinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Hydrothermal Extraction

Turmeric has a bioactive compound namely curcuminoid. It has many pharmacology effects such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifertility, anti-venom, anti-coagulant, anti-HIV hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and anticoagulant properties. To increase the economic value of turmeric, it is necessary to develop a hydrothermal extraction process of turmeric’s active compound. The advantages of hydrothermal extraction were inexpensive, abundant availability, high purity, non-toxic, and easy to handle. This research aims to study the effect of operating conditions : temperature (130-150oC), time (10-40 minutes) and solid:liquid ratio (1:10 and 1:12) on the bioactive compounds of turmeric extracted from hydrothermal extraction process. Generally, high extraction yield was obtained at higher extraction temperature (140 and 150oC). Under these conditions, with a lower solid : liquid ratio (1:10), high concentration of curcumin is produced. Further, a higher solid : liquid ratio will likely produce the opposite result, except when it operates at low extraction temperature. The high temperature of the pressurized liquid water can reduce the viscosity and surface tension of water so it will increase the diffusion rates and absorption. The higher the solid:liquid ratio, the greater the different concentration between interior and exterior cell, which promote the high efficiency of diffusion process.

scholarly journals Photoswitchable basicity through the use of azoheteroarenes

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (24) ◽  
pp. 4521-4524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. Weston ◽  
Robert D. Richardson ◽  
Matthew J. Fuchter
Keyword(s):  
Solution Ph ◽  
Control Solution

We report an azoheteroarene photoswitchable base, where proton stabilisation in Z isomer is facilitated by neighbouring imidazole rings. A 1.3 unit difference in pKa is observed between the E and Z isomers, which leads to the ability to reversibly control solution pH.

Coupling of anodic oxidation and adsorption by granular activated carbon for chemical oxygen demand removal from 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid wastewater

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2669-2677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhang Wang ◽  
Yuemin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph

Experiments were performed to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic (DSD) acid manufacturing wastewater using electrochemical oxidation coupled with adsorption by granular activated carbon. The COD removal is affected by the residence time and applied voltage. When the residence time is increased, lower value of COD effluent could be obtained, however, the average current efficiency (ACE) decreased rapidly, and so does the applied voltage. In addition, aeration could effectively enhance COD removal efficiency and protect anodes from corrosion. Furthermore, the acidic condition is beneficial to the rapid decrease of COD and the values of pH effluent are independent of the initial solution pH. The optimization conditions obtained from these experiments are applied voltage of 4.8 V, residence time of 180 min and air–liquid ratio of 4.2 with the COD effluent of about 690 mg L−1. In these cases, the ACE and energy consumption are 388% and 4.144 kW h kg−1 COD, respectively. These perfect results from the experiments illustrate that the combined process is a considerable alternative for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing high concentration of organic pollutants and salinity.

Selective Voltammetric Detection of Dopamine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid at Poly(p-methoxyphenol)-Modified Electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Gamze Erdoğdu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Modified Electrode ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Voltammetric Detection

A gold electrode was modified with electropolymerized films of p-methoxyphenol by its oxidative polymerization from an alkaline solution by cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode was then used to determine dopamine (DA) in the presence of a high concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) by differential pulse voltammetry. The peak positions as well as relative sensitivity DA/AA were affected by the potential window used for the polymerization. For polymerization between 0 and 1.0 V, the peak potentials recorded in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.2) were 516 and 312 mV versus Ag/AgCl for DA and AA, respectively. In addition to the effects of pH and the type of electrolyte on the linearity range and detection limit are investigated. The detection limit for 3s-test is 0.1 nM. The high selectivity and sensitivity for DA was found to be due to charge discrimination/analyte accumulation.

Thermodynamics of Solvent Extraction of Perrhenate with N235 at High Concentration

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 890-894
Author(s):  
Ke Xu Jiang ◽  
Da Wei Fang ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Bao Xin Wang ◽  
Ying Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Extraction Constants ◽  
Solvent Extraction System

In solvent extraction system of perrhenate with the extractant of N235 at high concentration, the equilibrium molalities of ReO4- were measured at ionic strengths from 0.2 to 2.0 mol.kg-1 in the aqueous phase containing Na2SO4 as the supporting electrolyte from 278.15K to 303.15K. The standard extraction constants K0 at various temperatures were obtained. Thermodynamic quantities for the extraction process were also calculated.

Effect of ozone and aluminum on pitch pine (Pinusrigida) seedlings: needle ultrastructure

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. McQuattie ◽  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Starch Formation ◽  
Cell Collapse

Newly germinated pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) were grown for 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) containing 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L aluminum in growth chambers fumigated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb ozone. Cytological changes in needles of seedlings stressed by ozone and aluminum, singly and in combination, were determined by light and electron microscopy. The most pronounced changes in needles exposed to ozone occurred in the outer mesophyll, whereas major changes in the presence of aluminum occurred in the stele and inner mesophyll. At lower levels of either ozone or aluminum, the cytoplasm became more densely stained. Accumulation of dense materials appeared at intermediate treatment concentrations, and at high concentration localized cell collapse and deterioration became evident. Ozone or aluminum caused similar changes in the chloroplasts, for example, increase in number of plastoglobuli, accumulation of starch, formation of electron-dense stroma, and swelling or disruption of thylakoid membrane system. Ozone and aluminum in combination generally caused histological and cytological damage in needles to occur at lower concentrations than either aluminum or ozone alone.

scholarly journals Separation Factor of Y/Dy Emulsion on Membrane Process Using Nitric Acid and D2EHPA Solvent

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Kris Tri Basuki ◽  
Niken Siwi Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Internal Concentration

Liquid extraction of Y that containing Dy using bis-2-Ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) extractant has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum parameter in a separation process that uses membrane emulsion. As the aqueous phase, a mixed solution of Y2O3 and Gd2O3 containing Y 10 g/L and Gd 250 mg/L was used. D2EHPA as extractant or organic phase with a variety of concentration was diluted with kerosene. Emulsifier Span-80 was used to make an emulsion of membrane liquid. The internal phase of the liquid membrane used 0.20–0.50 M nitric acid, and the external phase used 1–5 M nitric acid. The studied parameters were extractant concentration, stirring speed, stirring time, and the ratio of the internal and external phase. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used for the analysis of Y and Dy. The analysis of Y and Dy used the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The optimization results of the extraction process of Y with emulsion membrane using D2EHPA extractants obtained the following conclusions: the optimum stirring rate was 8500 rpm, the D2EHPA concentration was 4.5% in kerosene, the internal concentration was 0.45 M nitric acid, the external concentration was 4 M nitric acid, the stirring time was 10 min that fixed stirring rate was 500 rpm, and the ratio of internal and external phase was 1:1. This conditions acquired a separation factor (SF) Y-Gd of 7.57.

scholarly journals Analysis of residual sludge stored in UASB of a WWT in Petrolina-PE-Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Erick De Aquino Santos ◽  
Keyla Vitória Marques Xavier ◽  
Marcella Vianna Cabral Paiva ◽  
Miriam Cleide Cavalcante de Amorim ◽  
Michely Correia Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Residual Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Solids Analysis

Anaerobic digestion is a process that occurs through microorganisms in an anoxic condition and aims to digest organic matter resulting mainly in biogas. This process is common in wastewater treatment WWTs (Waste Water Treatment), which usually occur in bioreactors. In Brazil the most widespread is the UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor due to its temperature conditions, which found in the country an ideal parameter. Archeas make up the microbiota responsible for digestion acting in the final stage of methanogenesis. The studies of these organisms are mainly through metagenomics, because laboratory cultivation is difficult. Therefore, the research aimed to study the physical and molecular parameters of the sludge. Four UASB reactors from WWT Center in Petrolina – Pernambuco- Brazil were evaluated. For the DNA extraction process the adapted protocol was applied, the physical analysis of the solids obeyed the determinations of APHA (2005). DNA extraction was achieved with the modified protocol and demonstrated a high concentration of DNA present in the samples, being the 4 most abundant reactor. Physical quantifications of the solids analysis showed that the values found are in compliance with current standards.

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