scholarly journals A Quick Cycle Time Sensitivity Analysis of Boron Steel Hot Stamping

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Fernández ◽  
Beatriz González ◽  
Garikoitz Artola ◽  
Norberto López de Lacalle ◽  
Carlos Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Time ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
Set Up

Several vehicle platforms involving the hot stamping of manufactured parts are launched every year. Mass production represents a key step in the manufacturing process of an actual hot stamping part. In this step, the cycle time (consisting of cooling time (t1) and handling time (t2) components) must be optimized. During t1, the stamping tool (punch and die) is closed, for cooling of the part. The t2 components (i.e., inlet transfer time, press forming time (closing and opening), and outlet transfer time) define the production output that ensures process performance. However, cost is the main driver in automotive applications. Here, a cycle-time calculation based on the design of experiments (DOE) is proposed for formulating cost-effective formulas. An iterative one-dimensional heat transfer model for each DOE step is set up to simulate 10 hot stamping cycles; the part temperature after quenching in cycle number 10 (where steady conditions are achieved) was selected as the process output variable to be controlled in the DOE. Several DOE variables were considered. The DOE results were employed for the proposal of a simplified formula, which helps in assessing the cycle time with its excellent trade-off between calculation cost and reliability. The formula was validated by laboratory tests.

A Global Approach of the Finite Element Simulation of Hot Stamping

2005 ◽  
Vol 6-8 ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hein
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Weight Saving ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Boron Steels

The use of quenched boron steel components is an economic way to achieve significant improvements in terms of weight saving and crash performance. The material and process knowledge on the hot stamping of boron steels (e.g. Arcelor’s USIBOR 1500 P®) by the stampers needs to be extended and accurate simulation tools must be developed to support the growth of this forming technology. This paper simultaneously addresses the specific requirements of the hot stamping simulation and the current state of the art in this field. A specific approach is presented for the detection of the process limits within the simulation tool. A software chain has been set up with the target to decrease the computation times.

scholarly journals Environmental Engineering Techniques to Restore Degraded Posidonia oceanica Meadows

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Francesca Frau ◽  
Fabrizio Atzori ◽  
Maria Francesca Cinti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Seagrass planting techniques have shown to be an effective tool for restoring degraded meadows and ecosystem function. In the Mediterranean Sea, most restoration efforts have been addressed to the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica, but cost-benefit analyses have shown unpromising results. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of environmental engineering techniques generally employed in terrestrial systems to restore the P. oceanica meadows: two different restoration efforts were considered, either exploring non-degradable mats or, for the first time, degradable mats. Both of them provided encouraging results, as the loss of transplanting plots was null or very low and the survival of cuttings stabilized to about 50%. Data collected are to be considered positive as the survived cuttings are enough to allow the future spread of the patches. The utilized techniques provided a cost-effective restoration tool likely affordable for large-scale projects, as the methods allowed to set up a wide bottom surface to restore in a relatively short time without any particular expensive device. Moreover, the mats, comparing with other anchoring methods, enhanced the colonization of other organisms such as macroalgae and sessile invertebrates, contributing to generate a natural habitat.

scholarly journals Hydraulic insertions of cochlear implant electrode arrays into the human cadaver cochlea: preliminary findings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Geraldine ◽  
Thomas Lenarz ◽  
Thomas S. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Hydraulic Actuator ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Insertion Tool ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Objectives (1) To evaluate the feasibility of a non-invasive, novel, simple insertion tool to perform automated, slow insertions of cochlear implant electrode arrays (EA) into a human cadaver cochlea; (2) to estimate the handling time required by our tool. Methods Basic science study conducted in an experimental OR. Two previously anonymized human cadaver heads, three commercially available EAs, and our novel insertion tool were used for the experiments. Our tool operates as a hydraulic actuator that delivers an EA at continuous velocities slower than manually feasible. Intervention(s): the human cadaver heads were prepared with a round-window approach for CI surgery in a standard fashion. Twelve EA insertion trials using our tool involved: non-invasive fixation of the tool to the head; directing the tool to the round window and EA mounting onto the tool; automated EA insertion at approximately 0.1 mm/s driven by hydraulic actuation. Outcome measurement(s): handling time of the tool; post-insertion cone-beam CT scans to provide intracochlear evaluation of the EA insertions. Results Our insertion tool successfully inserted an EA into the human cadaver cochlea (n = 12) while being attached to the human cadaver head in a non-invasive fashion. Median time to set up the tool was 8.8 (7.2–9.4) min. Conclusion The first insertions into the human cochlea using our novel, simple insertion tool were successful without the need for invasive fixation. The tool requires < 10 min to set up, which is clinically acceptable. Future assessment of intracochlear trauma is needed to support its safety profile for clinical translation.

scholarly journals K-seq, an affordable, reliable, and open Klenow NGS-based genotyping technology

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peio Ziarsolo ◽  
Tomas Hasing ◽  
Rebeca Hilario ◽  
Victor Garcia-Carpintero ◽  
Jose Blanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Set Design ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Genotyping Technology ◽  
Genetic Results

Abstract Background K-seq, a new genotyping methodology based on the amplification of genomic regions using two steps of Klenow amplification with short oligonucleotides, followed by standard PCR and Illumina sequencing, is presented. The protocol was accompanied by software developed to aid with primer set design. Results As the first examples, K-seq in species as diverse as tomato, dog and wheat was developed. K-seq provided genetic distances similar to those based on WGS in dogs. Experiments comparing K-seq and GBS in tomato showed similar genetic results, although K-seq had the advantage of finding more SNPs for the same number of Illumina reads. The technology reproducibility was tested with two independent runs of the tomato samples, and the correlation coefficient of the SNP coverages between samples was 0.8 and the genotype match was above 94%. K-seq also proved to be useful in polyploid species. The wheat samples generated specific markers for all subgenomes, and the SNPs generated from the diploid ancestors were located in the expected subgenome with accuracies greater than 80%. Conclusion K-seq is an open, patent-unencumbered, easy-to-set-up, cost-effective and reliable technology ready to be used by any molecular biology laboratory without special equipment in many genetic studies.

scholarly journals Sustainable Ventilation Strategies for a Medium-Sized Space with Regional Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4651
Author(s):  
Ming-Lun Alan Fong
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Set Up

The analysis of ventilation strategies is fundamentally affected by regional climate conditions and local cost databases, in terms of energy consumption, CO2 emission and cost-effective analysis. A systematic approach is covered in this paper to estimate a local economic and environmental impact on a medium-sized space located in two regions during supply-and-installation and operation phases. Three ventilation strategies, including mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation (DV) and stratum ventilation (SV) were applied to medium-sized air-conditioned space with this approach. The trend of the results for three ventilation systems in the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is SV < DV < MV. The result of CO2 emission and regional LCC shows that SV is the lowest one in both regional studies. In comparison with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during 20 Service years, the case analysis demonstrates that the percentage differences in LCC analysis of MV, DV & SV in Guangdong are less than 20.5%, 19.4% and 18.82% respectively. Their CO2 emission of MV, DV and SV in Guangdong are more than HKSAR in 10.69%, 11.22% and 12.05%, respectively. The present study could provide information about regional effects in the LCA and LCC analysis of three ventilation strategies emissions, and thereby help set up models for decision-making on high efficiency and cost-effective ventilation strategy plans.

Cost Effective Swath Bathymetry

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hogarth
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Swath Bathymetry ◽  
World Survey ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Very High ◽  
Harbor Area ◽  
Wide Swath

Between 23rd and 25th July 2001 GeoSwath, a high specification shallow water wide swath bathymetry system, was used to survey the entire Portsmouth NH Harbor area. This paper deals with the results of this survey, illustrating the potential for significant reductions in the high costs, which have prevented widespread proliferation of Swath Bathymetry systems to date. Data, including a complete DTM gridded to 1 m resolution, will be presented and discussed in detail. These results show that the system is very easy to set up and use, requires greatly reduced boat and processing time, whilst offering high accuracy and very high coverage and resolution when used in a real-world survey of a dynamic harbor environment.

Experimental Platforms and Finite Element Analysis on Hot Stamping Processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 1063 ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu Hao Hung ◽  
Heng Kuang Tsai ◽  
Fuh Kuo Chen ◽  
Ping Kun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis

Due to the complexity of hot stamping mechanism, including the coupling of material formability, thermal interaction and metallurgical microstructure, it makes the process design more difficult even with the aid of the finite element analysis. In the present study, the experimental platforms were developed to measure and derive the friction and heat transfer coefficients, respectively. The experiments at various elevated temperatures and contact pressures were conducted and the friction coefficients and heat transfer coefficients were obtained. A finite element model was also established with the experimental data and the material properties of the boron steel calculated from the JMatPro software. The finite element simulations for the hot stamping forming of an automotive door beam, including transportation analysis, hot forming analysis and die quenching analysis were then performed to examine the forming properties of the door beam. The validation of the finite element results by the production part confirms the efficiency and accuracy of the developed experimental platforms and the finite element analysis for the process design of hot stamping.

Hot Stamping Processing Experiments of Quenchable Boron Steel

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Bao ◽  
Zhong Wen Xing ◽  
Yu Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Complicated Shape ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Ultra High Strength Steel ◽  
Automotive Parts

The quenchable boron steel is a novel type of ultra high strength steel used for automotive parts so as to reduce the weight of the whole automobile. The hot stamping processing experiments for bending parts were studied. The influence of the hot stamping processing parameters, such as the heating temperature, the heat holding time and the cooling water flow velocity, on the mechanics properties and microstructure of the hot stamping parts is obtained. And then the optimal ranges of these parameters are determined, which provides a basis for the control of the hot stamping process applied in complicated shape parts’ production.

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