scholarly journals Effects of Tryptophan Supplementation and Exercise on the Fate of Kynurenine Metabolites in Mice and Humans

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Paula Valente-Silva ◽  
Igor Cervenka ◽  
Duarte M. S. Ferreira ◽  
Jorge C. Correia ◽  
Sebastian Edman ◽  
...  

The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (TRP) degradation (KP) generates metabolites with effects on metabolism, immunity, and mental health. Endurance exercise training can change KP metabolites by changing the levels of KP enzymes in skeletal muscle. This leads to a metabolite pattern that favors energy expenditure and an anti-inflammatory immune cell profile and reduces neurotoxic metabolites. Here, we aimed to understand if TRP supplementation in untrained vs. trained subjects affects KP metabolite levels and biological effects. Our data show that chronic TRP supplementation in mice increases all KP metabolites in circulation, and that exercise reduces the neurotoxic branch of the pathway. However, in addition to increasing wheel running, we did not observe other effects of TRP supplementation on training adaptations, energy metabolism or behavior in mice. A similar increase in KP metabolites was seen in trained vs. untrained human volunteers that took a TRP drink while performing a bout of aerobic exercise. With this acute TRP administration, TRP and KYN were higher in the trained vs. the untrained group. Considering the many biological effects of the KP, which can lead to beneficial or deleterious effects to health, our data encourage future studies of the crosstalk between TRP supplementation and physical exercise.

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Denise Utami Putri ◽  
Cheng-Hui Wang ◽  
Po-Chun Tseng ◽  
Wen-Sen Lee ◽  
Fu-Lun Chen ◽  
...  

The heterogeneity of immune response to COVID-19 has been reported to correlate with disease severity and prognosis. While so, how the immune response progress along the period of viral RNA-shedding (VRS), which determines the infectiousness of disease, is yet to be elucidated. We aim to exhaustively evaluate the peripheral immune cells to expose the interplay of the immune system in uncomplicated COVID-19 cases with different VRS periods and dynamic changes of the immune cell profile in the prolonged cases. We prospectively recruited four uncomplicated COVID-19 patients and four healthy controls (HCs) and evaluated the immune cell profile throughout the disease course. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected and submitted to a multi-panel flowcytometric assay. CD19+-B cells were upregulated, while CD4, CD8, and NK cells were downregulated in prolonged VRS patients. Additionally, the pro-inflammatory-Th1 population showed downregulation, followed by improvement along the disease course, while the immunoregulatory cells showed upregulation with subsequent decline. COVID-19 patients with longer VRS expressed an immune profile comparable to those with severe disease, although they remained clinically stable. Further studies of immune signature in a larger cohort are warranted.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Gavin ◽  
Erik Boberg ◽  
Lena Von Bahr ◽  
Matteo Bottai ◽  
Anton Törnqvist Andrén ◽  
...  

AbstractAcute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is associated with high mortality rates in patients not responding to standard line care with steroids. Adoptive mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has been established in some countries as a second-line treatment.Limitations in our understanding as to MSC mode of action and what segregates patient responders from non-responders to MSC therapy remain. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the immune cell profile in gut biopsies of patients diagnosed with aGvHD and establish differences in baseline cellular composition between responders and non-responders to subsequent MSC therapy.Our findings indicate that a pro-inflammatory immune profile within the gut at the point of MSC treatment may impede their therapeutic potential. These findings support the need for further validation in a larger cohort of patients and the development of improved biomarkers in predicting responsiveness to MSC therapy.


2012 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
F.J. Serrot ◽  
R.B. Dorman ◽  
B.I. Frohnert ◽  
R.E. Foncea ◽  
B.M. Slusarek ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e1537693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Strasser ◽  
Hanna Birnleitner ◽  
Andrea Beer ◽  
Dietmar Pils ◽  
Marlene C. Gerner ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Zubair ◽  
Richard H. Chapple ◽  
Sivaraman Natarajan ◽  
William C. Wright ◽  
Min Pan ◽  
...  

The disorganization of cell types within tissues underlies many human diseases and has been studied for over a century using the conventional tools of pathology, including tissue-marking dyes such as the H&E stain. Recently, spatial transcriptomics technologies were developed that can measure spatially resolved gene expression directly in pathology-stained tissues sections, revealing cell types and their dysfunction in unprecedented detail. In parallel, artificial intelligence (AI) has approached pathologist-level performance in computationally annotating H&E images of tissue sections. However, spatial transcriptomics technologies are limited in their ability to separate transcriptionally similar cell types and AI-based pathology has performed less impressively outside their training datasets. Here, we describe a methodology that can computationally integrate AI-annotated pathology images with spatial transcriptomics data to markedly improve inferences of tissue cell type composition made over either class of data alone. We show that this methodology can identify regions of clinically relevant tumor immune cell infiltration, which is predictive of response to immunotherapy and was missed by an initial pathologist's manual annotation. Thus, combining spatial transcriptomics and AI-based image annotation has the potential to exceed pathologist-level performance in clinical diagnostic applications and to improve the many applications of spatial transcriptomics that rely on accurate cell type annotations.


2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. de Barros Silva ◽  
M. E. Q. L. Verde ◽  
L. A. C. Brizeno ◽  
D. V. T. Wong ◽  
R. C. P. Lima Júnior ◽  
...  

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke Andersen ◽  
Ulrich Halekoh ◽  
Torsten Bohn ◽  
Anne Tjønneland ◽  
Ulla Vogel ◽  
...  

Although vitamin A is essential for gut immune cell trafficking (paramount for the intestinal immune system), epidemiological studies on the role of vitamin A in colorectal cancer (CRC) aetiology are conflicting. By using functional polymorphisms, gene–environment (GxE) interaction analyses may identify the biological effects (or “mechanism of action”) of environmental factors on CRC aetiology. Potential interactions between dietary or supplemental vitamin A intake and genetic variation in the vitamin A metabolic pathway genes related to risk of CRC were studied. We used a nested case-cohort design within the Danish “Diet, Cancer and Health” cohort, with prospectively collected lifestyle information from 57,053 participants, and the Cox proportional hazard models and likelihood ratio test. No statistically significant associations between the selected polymorphisms and CRC, and no statistically significant interactions between vitamin A intake and the polymorphisms were found. In conclusion, no support of an involvement of vitamin A in CRC aetiology was found.


2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL PLEVYAK ◽  
NAZEEH HANNA ◽  
SANDRA MAYER ◽  
SHAUN MURPHY ◽  
HALIT PINAR ◽  
...  

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Weyh ◽  
Karsten Krüger ◽  
Barbara Strasser

With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and a decline in various immune cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, a more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, and an increased prevalence of autoimmunity and cancer. Physiologically, the immune system has some adaptive strategies to cope with aging, while in some settings, maladaptive responses aggravate the speed of aging and morbidity. While a lack of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and poor nutritional status facilitate immunosenescence and inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise and dietary habits affect immune aging positively. This review will discuss the relevance and mechanisms of immunoprotection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions. In the second part, we will focus on the effect of dietary interventions through the supplementation of the essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics (with a special focus on the kynurenine pathway).


PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0120642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Fagan ◽  
Geraint B. Rogers ◽  
Michelle Melino ◽  
Dionne M. Arthur ◽  
Mary-Ellen Costello ◽  
...  

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