scholarly journals Non-Volatile Metabolites from Trichoderma spp.

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Fei Li ◽  
Guo-Hong Li ◽  
Ke-Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Potential Use

The genus Trichoderma is comprised of many common fungi species that are distributed worldwide across many ecosystems. Trichoderma species are well-known producers of secondary metabolites with a variety of biological activities. Their potential use as biocontrol agents has been known for many years. Several reviews about metabolites from Trichoderma have been published. These reviews are based on their structural type, biological activity, or fungal origin. In this review, we summarize the secondary metabolites per Trichoderma species and elaborate on approximately 390 non-volatile compounds from 20 known species and various unidentified species.

scholarly journals Determination of antifungal efficiency of some fungicides and secondary metabolites of Trichoderma species against Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-713
Author(s):  
N.G. Savas ◽  
◽  
M. Yıldız ◽  
R. Eltem ◽  
E. Ozkale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Volatile Metabolites

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal effects of fenhexamid, cyprodinil+fludioxanil, Bacillus subtilis QST 713, Trichoderma secondary metabolites (EGE-K-38 and EGE-K-71) on 6 isolates of necrotrophic fungi (Botrytis cinerea) under in- vitro conditions. Methodology: A dual culture technique was used to evaluate the effects of volatile compounds produced by Trichoderma in culture media against Botrytis cinerea isolates. For non-volatile and volatile metabolites, measurements for growth inhibition were made with the mixture of filter sterilized liquid medium of Trichoderma and potato dextrose agar. The fungicidal effects of these non-volatile metabolites and fungicides were first evaluated according to the effective concentration (EC50) data of growing mycelium inhibition of disease agents. Results: According to the results obtained, the drug/agent with the lowest fungicidal activity was determined as fenhexamide, which seems to have the lowest EC50 value of 0.05 ug m l-1. Both non-volatile metabolites and volatile metabolites of Trichoderma strains showed strong inhibition against B. cinerea isolates under experimental conditions. The highest growth inhibition percentage was determined with volatile metabolites of Trihoderma atroviride EGE-K-71 strain as 71.8%. Interpretation: The study suggest that filtrates that contain secondary metabolites and volatile compounds of Trichoderma strains produced in both liquid culture and dual culture conditions can be used as an effective fungal control agents against pre and postharvest contamination of grapes with Botrytis cinerea.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Soft Coral Genus Sinularia since 2013

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Xia Yan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xue Leng ◽  
Han Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Coral Genus

Sinularia is one of the conspicuous soft coral species widely distributed in the world’s oceans at a depth of about 12 m. Secondary metabolites from the genus Sinularia show great chemical diversity. More than 700 secondary metabolites have been reported to date, including terpenoids, norterpenoids, steroids/steroidal glycosides, and other types. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities. There were detailed reviews on the terpenoids from Sinularia in 2013, and now, it still plays a vital role in the innovation of lead compounds for drug development. The structures, names, and pharmacological activities of compounds isolated from the genus Sinularia from 2013 to March 2021 are summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Biological Activities of Alkaloids: From Toxicology to Pharmacology

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Adamski ◽  
Linda L. Blythe ◽  
Luigi Milella ◽  
Sabino A. Bufo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities

Plants produce many secondary metabolites, which reveal biological activity [...]

scholarly journals Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants: An Update and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Chabaco Armijos ◽  
Jorge Ramírez ◽  
Melissa Salinas ◽  
Giovanni Vidari ◽  
Alírica I. Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

The use of plants as therapeutic agents is part of the traditional medicine that is practiced by many indigenous communities in Ecuador. The aim of this study was to update a review published in 2016 by including the studies that were carried out in the period 2016–July 2021 on about 120 Ecuadorian medicinal plants. Relevant data on raw extracts and isolated secondary metabolites were retrieved from different databases, resulting in 104 references. They included phytochemical and pharmacological studies on several non-volatile compounds, as well as the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs). The tested biological activities are also reported. The potential of Ecuadorian plants as sources of products for practical applications in different fields, as well the perspectives of future investigations, are discussed in the last part of the review.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Secondary Metabolites that Affect Plant Metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Vinale ◽  
Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam ◽  
Emilio L. Ghisalberti ◽  
Michelina Ruocco ◽  
Sheridan Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Plant Growth Promoters

Recently, there have been many exciting new developments relating to the use of Trichoderma spp. as agents for biocontrol of pathogens and as plant growth promoters. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the positive effects of these microorganisms on the plant host. One factor that contributes to their beneficial biological activities is related to the wide variety of metabolites that they produce. These metabolites have been found not only to directly inhibit the growth and pathogenic activities of the parasites, but also to increase disease resistance by triggering the system of defence in the plant host. In addition, these metabolites are also capable of enhancing plant growth, which enables the plant to counteract the disease with compensatory vegetative growth by the augmented production of root and shoot systems. This review takes into account the Trichoderma secondary metabolites that affect plant metabolism and that may play an important role in the complex interactions of this biocontrol agent with the plant and pathogens.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of the Microbial Resources and Their Biological Activities of the East China Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Lu ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Cong Long ◽  
Guoxiang Wang ◽  
Yun Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
East China ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
China Sea

East China Sea is one of the four sea areas in China, which possesses peculiar ecological environment and many kinds of living creatures, especially the microorganisms. We established the East China Sea microorganism library (during 2006–2010) for the first time, which stored about 30000 strains that covered most kinds of the species. In this paper, 395 pure strains of East China Sea microorganism library which belong to 33 different genera were mainly introduced.Sulfitobacter,Halomonas,Bacillus,Pseudoalteromonas, andIdiomarinawere the most dominant species. On the large-scale biological activity screening of the 395 strains, 100 strains possess different biological activities based on different screening models, of which 11.4% strains have antibacterial activities, 15.9% have cytotoxicity activities, and 6.1% have antioxidation activities. Besides, the secondary metabolites of 6 strains with strong biological activities were studied systematically; diketopiperazines and macrocyclic lactones are the active secondary metabolites. The species and the biological activity of microorganisms diversity, the abundant structure type of the secondary metabolites, and their bioactivities all indicate that East China Sea is a potent marine microorganisms-derived developing resource for drug discovery.

scholarly journals Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives—Recent Development in Biological and Medical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7078
Author(s):  
Mariola Zielińska-Błajet ◽  
Joanna Feder-Kubis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Biological And Medical Applications

Monoterpenes, comprising hydrocarbons, are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites and are commonly found in essential oils. Monoterpenes and their derivatives are key ingredients in the design and production of new biologically active compounds. This review focuses on selected aliphatic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes like geraniol, thymol, myrtenal, pinene, camphor, borneol, and their modified structures. The compounds in question play a pivotal role in biological and medical applications. The review also discusses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antiviral, anticancer, antituberculosis, and antioxidant biological activities exhibited by monoterpenes and their derivatives. Particular attention is paid to the link between biological activity and the effect of structural modification of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, as well as the introduction of various functionalized moieties into the molecules in question.

scholarly journals Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Asad Ali Khan ◽  
Saba Najeeb ◽  
Shaukat Hussain ◽  
Bingyan Xie ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Global Food Security

Phytopathogenic fungi, causing significant economic and production losses, are becoming a serious threat to global food security. Due to an increase in fungal resistance and the hazardous effects of chemical fungicides to human and environmental health, scientists are now engaged to explore alternate non-chemical and ecofriendly management strategies. The use of biocontrol agents and their secondary metabolites (SMs) is one of the potential approaches used today. Trichoderma spp. are well known biocontrol agents used globally. Many Trichoderma species are the most prominent producers of SMs with antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Detailed information about these secondary metabolites, when grouped together, enhances the understanding of their efficient utilization and further exploration of new bioactive compounds for the management of plant pathogenic fungi. The current literature provides the information about SMs of Trichoderma spp. in a different context. In this review, we summarize and group different antifungal SMs of Trichoderma spp. against phytopathogenic fungi along with a comprehensive overview of some aspects related to their chemistry and biosynthesis. Moreover, a brief overview of the biosynthesis pathway, action mechanism, and different approaches for the analysis of SMs and the factors affecting the regulation of SMs in Trichoderma is also discussed.

scholarly journals In Depth Natural Product Discovery from the Basidiomycetes Stereum Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqing Tian ◽  
Peiji Zhao ◽  
Guohong Li ◽  
Keqin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Unidentified Species

Natural metabolites from microorganisms play significant roles in the discovery of drugs, both for disease treatments in humans, and applications in agriculture. The Basidiomycetes Stereum genus has been a source of such bioactive compounds. Here we report on the structures and activities of secondary metabolites from Stereum. Their structural types include sesquiterpenoids, polyketides, vibralactones, triterpenoids, sterols, carboxylic acids and saccharides. Most of them showed biological activities including cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, radical scavenging activity, autophagy inducing activity, inhibiting pancreatic lipase against malarial parasite, nematocidal and so on. The syntheses of some metabolites have been studied. In this review, 238 secondary metabolites from 10 known species and various unidentified species of Stereum were summarized over the last seven decades.

Halogenated Compounds from Corals: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 1204-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Junhong Liu ◽  
Dayong Shi ◽  
Zheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Novel Structures

: As important marine biological resources, corals produce a large amount of active organic compounds in their secondary metabolic processes, including numerous brominated, chlorinated, and iodinated compounds. These compounds, with novel structures and unique activities, guide the discovery and research of important lead compounds and novel biological mechanisms. Through a large number of literature surveys, this paper summarized a total of 145 halogenated secondary metabolites which were roughly divided into four major classes of terpenes, prostaglandins, steroids and alkaloids, and they were mainly isolated from ten coral families, Ellisellidae, Gorgoniidae, Briareidae, Plexauridae, Anthothelidae, Alcyoniidae, Clavularidae, Tubiporidae, Nephtheidae and Dendrophyllidae to the best of our knowledge. In addition, their organism species, structure composition and biological activity were also discussed in the form of a chart in this essay.

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