Three-Dimensional Study of F. graminearum Colonisation of Stored Wheat: Post-Harvest Growth Patterns, Dry Matter Losses and Mycotoxin Contamination

Fusarium causes significant post-harvest quality losses and mycotoxin contamination in stored wheat but the colonisation dynamics of the grain and how this may be affected by the initial inoculum position in the grain mass is poorly understood. This study examined the 3D growth kinetics and mycotoxin production (deoxynivalenol and zearalenone) by F. graminearum during hyphal colonisation from different initial inoculum positions in wheat microcosms (top-centre, bottom-centre, and bottom-side) maintained at two water activities (aw; 0.95 and 0.97). Clear jars were used to visually follow the colonisation dynamics. Fungal respiration and associated dry matter loss (DML) and ergosterol were also quantified. Colonisation dynamics was shown to be affected by the inoculation position. At the end of the colonisation process, fungal respiration and DML were driven by the inoculation position, and the latter also by the prevailing aw. Fungal biomass (ergosterol) was mainly affected by the aw. The initial inoculum position did not affect the relative mycotoxin production. There was a positive correlation between respiration and ergosterol, and between mycotoxin production and colonisation indicators. We suggest that spatially explicit predictive models can be used to better understand the colonisation patterns and mycotoxin contamination of stored cereal commodities and to aid more effective post-harvest management.

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Different methods to counteract mycotoxin production and its impact on animal health

Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift ◽

10.21825/vdt.v82i4.16695 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 181-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Devreese ◽

P. De Backer ◽

S. Croubels

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Animal Health ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Agricultural Industry ◽

Mycotoxin Production ◽

Mycotoxin Contamination ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Feed Analysis ◽

Action Levels

Mycotoxins can cause serious adverse effects on animal health. This may lead to great economic losses in animal husbandry. In this review, the most common methods to counteract mycotoxins are presented, including several pre- and post-harvest strategies as well as an overview of the different mycotoxin detoxifying agents. The current legislation regarding maximum, guidance or action levels of mycotoxin contamination in various feedstuffs is also mentioned. It allows the agricultural industry to interpret feed analysis results and to decide whether to undertake actions or not.

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Management options, technologies and strategies for minimised mycotoxin contamination of rice

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2008.1131 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 151-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Gummert ◽

C. Balingbing ◽

G. Barry ◽

L. Estevez

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

The Philippines ◽

Small Scale ◽

Harvest Management ◽

Wet Season ◽

Management Options ◽

Mycotoxin Contamination ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Main Challenge

Ninety percent of the world's rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Millions of rice producers are resource-poor farmers with a rice area of less than one hectare. Yield increase and the introduction of double-cropping systems have ensured that rice production has kept up with an increasing demand. However, the increased quantities of grain and the second harvest, which is often in the wet season, have increased the problems in traditional postharvest systems. This can be particularly severe in the humid tropics, where post-harvest losses occur because of outdated management practices and technologies, and delays in post-harvest operations. Fungal infestation of rice grains can lead to discoloration, which results in price reductions in most markets. This can also result in rice being contaminated with mycotoxins, which is less visible to consumers. Contamination with ochratoxins, aflatoxins, and other mycotoxins have occasionally been reported in the literature. In the past, this was not seen as a significant problem and the focus was on other commodities such as maize and peanuts. However, recent studies and a massive recall of food products in Japan in September 2008, including sake, shoshu, and rice crackers made from imported rice from China and Vietnam, which were tested positive for aflatoxins, and also for pesticide residues, have renewed interest in looking at mycotoxin problems in rice. Exploratory studies in the Philippines compared best practice post-harvest management with the traditional management practices often used by smallholder farmers and small processors. It was concluded that synthesis of aflatoxin B1 is very likely in suboptimal post-harvest systems, with levels far above legislative limits. This indicates that there might be a considerable mycotoxin problem in rice from smallholder post-harvest operations. Improved post-harvest management options and technologies are available for diversified small-scale post-harvest systems. Small-scale combine harvesters, affordable and simple mechanical dryers and hermetic storage systems can help to avoid delays in the post-harvest chain and thus reduce mycotoxin contamination of rice. The development of strategies to scale out these improved practices and technologies to a large number of smallholder farmers will continue to be the main challenge.

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Three-dimensional architecture of prostate cancer growth patterns

10.26226/morressier.596dfd5cd462b802923882ea ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Esther Verhoef

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Cancer Growth

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Detecting the Mechanism behind the Transition from Fixed Two-Dimensional Patterned Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Dermal Papilla Cells to Three-Dimensional Pattern

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094715 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4715

Author(s):

Guanning Wei ◽

Hongmei Sun ◽

Haijun Wei ◽

Tao Qin ◽

Yifeng Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Condition ◽

Sika Deer ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cervus Nippon ◽

Dermal Papilla ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

The Self ◽

Dermal Papilla Cells ◽

Aggregative Behavior ◽

Cell Pattern

The hair follicle dermal papilla is critical for hair generation and de novo regeneration. When cultured in vitro, dermal papilla cells from different species demonstrate two distinguishable growth patterns under the conventional culture condition: a self-aggregative three dimensional spheroidal (3D) cell pattern and a two dimensional (2D) monolayer cell pattern, correlating with different hair inducing properties. Whether the loss of self-aggregative behavior relates to species-specific differences or the improper culture condition remains unclear. Can the fixed 2D patterned dermal papilla cells recover the self-aggregative behavior and 3D pattern also remains undetected. Here, we successfully constructed the two growth patterns using sika deer (Cervus nippon) dermal papilla cells and proved it was the culture condition that determined the dermal papilla growth pattern. The two growth patterns could transit mutually as the culture condition was exchanged. The fixed 2D patterned sika deer dermal papilla cells could recover the self-aggregative behavior and transit back to 3D pattern, accompanied by the restoration of hair inducing capability when the culture condition was changed. In addition, the global gene expressions during the transition from 2D pattern to 3D pattern were compared to detect the potential regulating genes and pathways involved in the recovery of 3D pattern and hair inducing capability.

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Three-dimensional stromatolites from Maastrichtian–Danian Yacoraite Formation, Argentina: modelling and assessing hydrodynamic controls on growth patterns

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756821000315 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Patricio Guillermo Villafañe ◽

Carlos Cónsole-Gonella ◽

Paolo Citton ◽

Ignacio Díaz-Martínez ◽

Silvina de Valais

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

External Morphology ◽

Water Dynamics ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Depositional Processes ◽

Run Off ◽

Internal Arrangement

Abstract Stromatolites are biogenic sedimentary structures formed by the interplay of biological (microbial composition) and environmental factors (local hydrodynamic conditions, clastic input and/or water chemistry). Well-preserved, three-dimensional (3D) fossil stromatolites are key to assessing the environmental factors controlling their growth and resulting morphology in space and time. Here, we report the detailed analysis of well-exposed, highly informative stromatolite build-ups from a single stratigraphic horizon within the Maastrichtian–Danian Yacoraite Formation (Argentina). This study focuses on the analysis of depositional processes driving intertidal to shallow subtidal stromatolites. Overall depositional architecture, external morphology and internal arrangement (mega, macro, meso and microstructures) of stromatolite build-ups were analysed and combined with 3D photogrammetric models, allowing us to decipher the links between stromatolite structure and tidal dynamics. Results suggest that external morphology and architecture of elongated and parallel clusters grew under the influence of run-off channels. The internal morphology exhibits columnar structures where the space between columns is interpreted as recharge or discharge channels. This work supports the theory that stromatolites can be used as a high-resolution tool in the assessment of water dynamics, and provides a new methodological approach and data for the dynamic reconstruction of intertidal stromatolite systems through the geological record.

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Effect of Harvest Date on Mango (Mangifera Indica L. Cultivar Osteen) Fruit’s Qualitative Development, Shelf Life and Consumer Acceptance

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 811

Author(s):

Giuseppe Gianguzzi ◽

Vittorio Farina ◽

Paolo Inglese ◽

Maria Gloria Lobo Rodrigo

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Storage Period ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Harvest Management ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Constant Quality ◽

Definition Of

The qualitative characteristics of mango fruits change throughout their development process and are also influenced by their duration. Harvesting at different times after the fruit set affects external and internal quality and the post-harvest behavior and management possibilities of the fruits. The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of the most important physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of cv. Osteen fruits concern the length of their stay on the plant and also to their post-harvest management. For this reason, fruits were harvested progressively in ten pickings. The study showed that mango fruits that are kept on the tree reach the best quality traits, corresponding to their physiological maturation. The length of the storage period needed to reach the consumption point varies greatly according to the harvesting moment and to the different environmental parameters, which also affect the organoleptic and physicochemical quality of the fruits. The number of days after full flowering were confirmed to be the primary information to consider when planning harvest with commercial use of the fruit, but interesting indications can be acquired through the definition of non-destructive (hardness, color) or destructive (dry matter) parameters. The data collected help improve mango fruit′s post-harvest management practices, to provide a product with constant quality and homogeneity to the consumer.

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Gender Participation on Rice Post-harvest Activities in Bangladesh

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24670 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Jahan ◽

JR Sarker

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Survey Data ◽

Decision Maker ◽

Harvest Management ◽

Participatory Approaches ◽

Farm Level ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Suitable Solution ◽

The Right ◽

Gender Participation

The study was undertaken to examine the extent of women along with men participated in post-harvest activities; to identify the problems and constraints faced by them and find suitable solution from their perception. The post-harvest activities were estimated at farm level in Aman rice at Rangpur, Nilphamari, Khulna, Satkhira and Jessore district of Bangladesh by using survey data collected randomly from 270 rice growing households for the year 2012-13. It employed participatory approaches to investigate farmers perceptions on post-harvest management. The analyses shows women spends more time (591 hours ha-1) on PH activities than men (581 hours ha-1) but the ultimate decision maker of those activities are male indicating that women are very seldom given the opportunities to implement their ideas for execution although they are now gaining the right to give their opinion because of social awareness.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 45-50 2015

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PREDICTION OF FATIGUE CRACK-GROWTH PATTERNS AND LIVES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL CRACKED BODIES

Fracture 84 ◽

10.1016/b978-1-4832-8440-8.50151-4 ◽

1984 ◽

pp. 1597-1608 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J.C. Newman ◽

I.S. Raju

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Crack ◽

Fatigue Crack Growth ◽

Crack Growth ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Growth Patterns

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Dynamics of Macronutrient Uptake and Removal by Modern Peanut Cultivars

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2167

Author(s):

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽

José Roberto Portugal ◽

João William Bossolani ◽

Luiz Gustavo Moretti ◽

Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Fertilizer Recommendation ◽

Nutritional Recommendations ◽

Matter Production ◽

Productive Potential ◽

Peanut Cultivars ◽

Experimental Plots

The productive potential of new peanut cultivars has increased over the years in relation to old cultivars, especially when compared with ones with upright growth habit. Thus, the requirement for macronutrients for these new cultivars may also have increased, making the existing fertilizer recommendation tables obsolete, thus increasing the need for further studies measuring the real macronutrient requirements of these new peanut cultivars. Our study aimed to evaluate the growth patterns and the macronutrient absorption rate throughout the biological cycle of three modern runner peanut cultivars, as well as the potential for producing dry matter, pods, and kernels, and their respective macronutrient accumulations. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-plots and nine replications. The experimental plots consisted of three peanut cultivars (IAC Runner 886, IAC 505, and IAC OL3), and subplots consisted of nine plant samplings (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 105, 126, and 147 days after emergence (DAE)). Our results showed that modern peanut cultivars presented nutrient accumulation around 30 to 40 days earlier than older cultivars, as well as increasing the uptake by K and Ca. IAC 505 absorbed higher amounts of macronutrients and resulted in greater dry matter production compared with IAC OL3 and IAC Runner 886. Our study demonstrated that the most appropriate time for plants to find greater availability of nutrients in the soil is 70 to 84 DAE, in addition to highlighting the need for updates on nutritional recommendations for higher yields of modern peanut cultivars.

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