scholarly journals Species- and Age/Generation-Dependent Adherence of Bifidobacterium bifidum to Human Intestinal Mucus In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Gaku Harata ◽  
Kazutoyo Yoda ◽  
Ruipeng Wang ◽  
Kenji Miyazawa ◽  
Masayuki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Strong Adhesion

Adhesion to intestinal mucus is the first event in the process by which intestinal microbes colonize the intestine. It plays a critical role in the initiation of interactions between gut microbes and host animals. Despite the importance, the adhesion properties of probiotics are generally characterized using porcine mucin; adhesion to human mucus has been poorly characterized. In the present study, human intestinal mucus samples were isolated from 114 fecal samples collected from healthy infants and adults. In initial screening, four out of the 13 beneficial microbes tested, including the type strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. bifidum TMC3115, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12, showed strong adhesion abilities to human mucus. The type strain of B. bifidum and TMC3115 adhered more strongly to neonatal and infant mucus than to adult mucus, while L. rhamnosus GG and B. lactis Bb12 adhered more strongly to adult mucus than to infant mucus. Similar results were obtained for ten additional strains of B. bifidum. In conclusion, age/generation-related differences were observed in the adhesion properties of B. bifidum and other strains. A deeper symbiotic relationship may exist between infants, particularly neonates, and B. bifidum based on its enhanced adhesion to neonatal intestinal mucus.

scholarly journals Exogenous Polyamines Influence In Vitro Microbial Adhesion to Human Mucus according to the Age of Mucus Donor

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Anastasia Mantziari ◽  
Enni Mannila ◽  
Maria Carmen Collado ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Healthy Infants

Adhesion to intestinal mucus is the first step for microbiota colonization in early life. Polyamines are polycations with important physiological functions in both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. However, their role in intestinal mucus adhesion is not known. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether exogenous polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and their combination) would alter the adhesive properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Bifidobacterium animalis subs. lactis Bb12, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Escherichia coli. Human intestinal mucus was isolated from healthy infants (0–6-month-old and 6–12-month-old) and healthy adults (25–52 years old). Spermidine significantly increased Bb12 adhesion (p < 0.05) in the mucus of infants (0–6 months) but reduced the adhesion of LGG in adult mucus (p < 0.05) with no significant effect in any of the infant groups. Spermine was more effective than polyamine combinations in reducing C. sakazakii (p < 0.05) adhesion in early infant mucus (0–6 months). The adhesion ability of E. coli remained unaffected by exogenous polyamines at any age in the concentrations tested. Our data suggest that polyamines may modulate the bacterial adhesion to mucus depending on the bacterial strain and depending at what age the mucus has been generated.

scholarly journals Exopolysaccharides Produced by Probiotic Strains Modify the Adhesion of Probiotics and Enteropathogens to Human Intestinal Mucus

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2011-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA RUAS-MADIEDO ◽  
MIGUEL GUEIMONDE ◽  
ABELARDO MARGOLLES ◽  
CLARA G. de los REYES-GAVILÁN ◽  
SEPPO SALMINEN
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Encoding Genes

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are exocellular polymers present in the surface of many bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The genome sequence of several strains revealed the presence of EPS-encoding genes. However, the physiological role that EPSs play in the bacterial ecology still remains uncertain. In this study, we have assessed the effect of EPSs produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium longum NB667, and Bifidobacterium animalis IPLA-R1 on the adhesion of probiotic and enteropathogen strains to human intestinal mucus. The EPS fraction GG had no significant effect on the adhesion of L. rhamnosus GG and B. animalis IPLA-R1. However, the EPS fractions NB667 and IPLA-R1 significantly reduced the adherence of both probiotic strains. In contrast, the three EPS fractions increased the adhesion of Enterobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544 and Escherichia coli NCTC 8603. Higher adherence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 29631 and Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689 was detected in the presence of the EPS fractions GG and NB667. In general, these effects were obtained at EPS concentrations of up to 5 mg/ml, and they were EPS dose dependent. The competitive exclusion of probiotics in the presence of EPS could suggest the involvement of these biopolymers in the adhesion to mucus. The increase in the adherence of enteropathogens could be explained if components of the pathogen surface are able to bind to specific EPSs and the bound EPSs are able to adhere to mucus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work reporting the effect of EPSs from probiotics on bacterial adhesion properties.

scholarly journals Adherence of Probiotic Bacteria to Human Intestinal Mucus in Healthy Infants and during Rotavirus Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Juntunen ◽  
P. V. Kirjavainen ◽  
A. C. Ouwehand ◽  
S. J. Salminen ◽  
E. Isolauri
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

ABSTRACT The concentration of fecal mucin and the adhesion of specific probiotics and their combinations in the intestinal mucus of infants during and after rotavirus diarrhea and in healthy children were determined. Mucus was prepared from fecal samples from 20 infants during and after rotavirus diarrhea and from 10 healthy age-matched children. Mucin concentration was determined, and the adhesion of five probiotics—Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus paracasei F19,Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12—and their combinations was tested in vitro. The mean concentrations of fecal mucin during and after rotavirus diarrhea, 15.2 and 14.1 mg/g, were comparable to that in healthy children, 14.9 mg/g. The adherence of probiotics ranged from 1 to 34% in healthy subjects as indicated for the following strains: L. rhamnosus GG, 34%; B. lactis Bb12, 31%; L. acidophilus LA5, 4%; L. paracasei F19, 3%; and L. caseiShirota, 1% (P = 0.0001). The distinctive pattern of probiotic adherence was not influenced by rotavirus diarrhea. The adhesion of Bb12 in the presence of GG increased from 31 to 39% in healthy infants (P = 0.018) and in episodes of diarrhea increased from 26 to 44% (P = 0.001). Rotavirus diarrhea does not decrease the production of fecal mucin or with respect to the adhesion of probiotic bacteria tested in vitro. Combination of specific probiotic strains may enhance adherence in a synergistic manner. Optimal clinical application of these interactions may offer novel therapeutic guidelines for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal infections.

scholarly journals Novel ProbioticBifidobacterium bifidumCECT 7366 Strain Active against the Pathogenic BacteriumHelicobacter pylori

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1335-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chenoll ◽  
B. Casinos ◽  
E. Bataller ◽  
P. Astals ◽  
J. Echevarría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pyloriis considered one of the major risk factors underlying the development of gastritis and gastric and duodenal ulcers. Moreover, 50% of the population carries this bacterium, and consequently, when it is detected, eradication ofH. pyloriis strongly recommended. Regarding the use of probiotics as functional agents, several studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between the addition of certain probiotic bacteria andin vitroinhibition ofH. pylori; however,in vivostudies showing bifidobacterial activity againstH. pyloriremain scarce. In this study, aBifidobacterium bifidumstrain which proved activein vitroagainstH. pylorihas been isolated, with inhibition levels reaching 81.94% in the case of the supernatant and even 94.77% inhibition for supernatant purified by cationic exchange followed by an inverse phase.In vivostudies using a BALB/c mouse model have proved that this strain partially relieves damage to gastric tissues caused by the pathogen and also decreases theH. pyloripathogenicity ratio. This novel strain fulfills the main properties required of a probiotic (resistance to gastrointestinal juices, biliary salts, NaCl, and low pH; adhesion to intestinal mucus; and sensitivity to antibiotics). Furthermore, the absence of undesirable metabolites has been demonstrated, and its food safety status has been confirmed by acute ingestion studies in mice. In summary, the results presented here demonstrate thatBifidobacterium bifidumCECT 7366 can be considered a probiotic able to inhibitH. pyloribothin vitroandin vivo.

scholarly journals Experimental models to study intestinal microbes–mucus interactions in health and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Etienne-Mesmin ◽  
Benoit Chassaing ◽  
Mickaël Desvaux ◽  
Kim De Paepe ◽  
Raphaële Gresse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTA close symbiotic relationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and its host. A critical component of gut homeostasis is the presence of a mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract. Mucus is a viscoelastic gel at the interface between the luminal content and the host tissue that provides a habitat to the gut microbiota and protects the intestinal epithelium. The review starts by setting up the biological context underpinning the need for experimental models to study gut bacteria-mucus interactions in the digestive environment. We provide an overview of the structure and function of intestinal mucus and mucins, their interactions with intestinal bacteria (including commensal, probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms) and their role in modulating health and disease states. We then describe the characteristics and potentials of experimental models currently available to study the mechanisms underpinning the interaction of mucus with gut microbes, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. We then discuss the limitations and challenges facing this field of research.

Étude des interactions hôte–Bifidobacterium chez la souris axénique: caractérisation partielle des facteurs bifidigènes du contenu intestinal

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Bénédicte Romond ◽  
Monzer Hamze ◽  
Charles Romond ◽  
Pierre Bourlioux
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Method ◽  
Sepharose 4B ◽  
Phenol Sulfuric Acid

Growth factors for Bifidobacterium bifidum were detected in faeces of axenic mice strain C3H. Most of these factors were found in the nondialyzable fraction obtained after aqueous extraction and dialysis. SDS–PAGE and filtration chromatography on Sepharose 4B revealed that many glycosylated components harbored a bifidigenic activity. Intestinal colinization of mice by B. bifidum involved the utilization and eventually the disappearance of the intestinal bifidigenic factors. There was no change in the protein concentration in fecal extracts, but the total hexose concentration was lower. Comparison of electrophoretic PAGE profiles after periodic acid Schiff coloration showed that bacteria used up the glycosylated fractions of many glycopeptides, particularly those of mucins and four glycoproteins. There was no correlation between the hexose concentration detected in every active fraction and the degree of in vivo degradation of bifidigenic factors. The attack on active glycopeptides having a molecular mass greater than 670 kDa thus revealed hexose sites that were not detectable previously by the phenol – sulfuric acid method. However, the amount of bifidigenic factors detected in vitro allowed us to measure the importance of the degradation of a component by B. bifidum in vivo. Key words: Bifidobacterium, bifidigenic factors, intestinal mucus, axenic mice. [Journal translation]

Fibrin Polymerization Defect in HIV-infected Patients-Evidence for a Critical Role of Albumin in the Prolongation of Thrombin and Reptilase Clotting Times

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Toulon ◽  
Elyane Frere ◽  
Claude Bachmeyer ◽  
Nathalie Candia ◽  
Philippe Blanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Albumin ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Fibrin Polymerization ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Group 1

SummaryThrombin clotting time (TCT) and reptilase clotting time (RCT) were found significantly prolonged in a series of 72 HIV-infected patients drawn for routine coagulation testing. Both TCT and RCT were highly significantly correlated with albumin (r = -0.64, and r = -0.73 respectively, p<0.0001). TCT and RCT were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in a series of 30 other HIV-infected patients selected on their albumin level below 30.0 g/l (group l) than in 30 HIV-infected patients with albumin level above 40.0 g/l or in 30 HIV-negative controls; the two latter groups were not different. In vitro supplementation of plasma from group 1 patients with purified human albumin up to 45.0 g/l (final concentration) lead to a dramatic shortening effect on both TCT and RCT, which reached normal values. The TCT and RCT of the purified fibrinogen solutions (2.0 g/l final concentration) were not different in the three groups, and normal polymerization curves were obtained in all cases. This further ruled out the presence of any dysfibrinogenemia in the plasma from group 1 patients. Using purified proteins, highly significant correlations were demonstrated between the albumin concentration and the prolongations of both TCT and RCT, which were of the same magnitude order than those found in the patients plasma. These results suggest that hypo-albuminemia is responsible for the acquired fibrin polymerization defect reported in HIV-infected patients. The pathophysiological implication of the low albumin levels was suggested by the finding of decreased albumin levels (associated with prolonged TCT and RCT) in a small series of the eight HIV-infected patients who developed thrombotic complications.

Rhenium-188 labeled recombinant human plasminogen kringle5 (rhk5) and preliminary biodistribution

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (06) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Guo ◽  
Y. Ma ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
S. Liang ◽  
H. Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitor ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Tumour Formation ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
Specificity Of Binding ◽  
A549 Lung

Summary Aim: Angiogenesis plays a critical role in tumour formation and metastasis. Suitable radiolabeled angiogenesis inhibitor can be used for noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis and radionuclide therapy. Here we prepare rhenium-188 labeled recombinant human plasminogen kringle5 (188Re-rhk5) in a convenient manner than evaluate its properties in A549 lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: 188Rerhk5 was obtained by conjugating His group at the C end of rhk5 with fac- [188Re(H2O)3(CO)3]+. Chelating efficiency of fac-[188Re(H2O)3(CO)3]+ and radiolabeling efficiency of 188Re-rhk5 were measured by radio thin-layer chromatography (RTLC). In vitro stability of 188Re-rhk5 was determined in human serum at 37°C and analyzed by RTLC. Competition test was also performed to verify the specificity of binding. A biodistribution study was carried out in nude mice bearing A549 lung adenocarcinoma. Results: 188Rerhk5 was obtained with a radiolabel efficiency of 66.1%, the radiochemical purity (RCP) can marreach 95.2% after purification. 188Re-rhk5 showed high stability in human serum, the RCP was more than 80% even 12 h after incubation. Competition test showed a high binding specificity. Furthermore, this radio-complex was excreted mainly through kidneys and showed specific tumour uptake in mice bearing A549 tumours. Conclusion: 188Re-rhk5 was prepared by a simple method. Preliminary biodistribution results showed its potential as an agent for possible tumour imaging, therapy and encouraged further investigation.

scholarly journals RNF141 interacts with KRAS to promote colorectal cancer progression

Oncogene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuna Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Jiang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Shiying Dou ◽  
Xiaoli Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

AbstractRING finger proteins (RNFs) play a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. RNF141 is a member of RNFs family; however, its clinical significance, roles, and mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the expression of RNF141 in 64 pairs of CRC and adjacent normal tissues by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. We found that there was more expression of RNF141 in CRC tissue compared with its adjacent normal tissue and high RNF141 expression associated with T stage. In vivo and in vitro functional experiments were conducted and revealed the oncogenic role of RNF141 in CRC. RNF141 knockdown suppressed proliferation, arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, inhibited migration, invasion and HUVEC tube formation but promoted apoptosis, whereas RNF141 overexpression exerted the opposite effects in CRC cells. The subcutaneous xenograft models showed that RNF141 knockdown reduced tumor growth, but its overexpression promoted tumor growth. Mechanistically, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated RNF141 interacted with KRAS, which was confirmed by Co-immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence assay. Further analysis with bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays showed that RNF141 could directly bind to KRAS. Importantly, the upregulation of RNF141 increased GTP-bound KRAS, but its knockdown resulted in a reduction accordingly. Next, we demonstrated that RNF141 induced KRAS activation via increasing its enrichment on the plasma membrane not altering total KRAS expression, which was facilitated by the interaction with LYPLA1. Moreover, KRAS silencing partially abolished the effect of RNF141 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, our findings presented that RNF141 functioned as an oncogene by upregulating KRAS activity in a manner of promoting KRAS enrichment on the plasma membrane in CRC.

scholarly journals Ultra-strong bio-glue from genetically engineered polypeptides

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yang Feng ◽  
Yao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Supramolecular Interactions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

AbstractThe development of biomedical glues is an important, yet challenging task as seemingly mutually exclusive properties need to be combined in one material, i.e. strong adhesion and adaption to remodeling processes in healing tissue. Here, we report a biocompatible and biodegradable protein-based adhesive with high adhesion strengths. The maximum strength reaches 16.5 ± 2.2 MPa on hard substrates, which is comparable to that of commercial cyanoacrylate superglue and higher than other protein-based adhesives by at least one order of magnitude. Moreover, the strong adhesion on soft tissues qualifies the adhesive as biomedical glue outperforming some commercial products. Robust mechanical properties are realized without covalent bond formation during the adhesion process. A complex consisting of cationic supercharged polypeptides and anionic aromatic surfactants with lysine to surfactant molar ratio of 1:0.9 is driven by multiple supramolecular interactions enabling such strong adhesion. We demonstrate the glue’s robust performance in vitro and in vivo for cosmetic and hemostasis applications and accelerated wound healing by comparison to surgical wound closures.

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