scholarly journals Effects of Live and Pasteurized Forms of Akkermansia from the Human Gut on Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Yura Choi ◽  
Shambhunath Bose ◽  
Jaegu Seo ◽  
Joo-Hyun Shin ◽  
Dokyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treg Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
And Function

Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a promising probiotic candidate owing to its health-promoting properties. A previous study reported that the pasteurized form of A. muciniphila strains isolated from human stool samples had a beneficial impact on high-fat diet-induced obese mice. On the other hand, the differences in the probiotic effects between live and pasteurized A. muciniphila on the metabolism and immune system of the host are still inconclusive. This study examines the differences between the live and pasteurized forms of A. muciniphila strains on the lipid and glucose metabolism and on regulating the inflammatory immune responses using a HFD-fed obese mouse model. The animals were administered the live and pasteurized forms of two A. muciniphila strains five times per week for the entire study period of 12 weeks. Both forms of the bacterial strains improved the HFD-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation in the mice by preventing body-weight gains after one week. In addition, they cause a decrease in the weights of the major adipose tissues, adipogenesis/lipogenesis and serum TC levels, improvement in glucose homeostasis and suppression of inflammatory insults. Furthermore, these treatments restored the damaged gut architecture and integrity and improved the hepatic structure and function in HFD-induced animals. On the other hand, for both bacterial strains, the pasteurized form was more potent in improving glucose tolerance than the live form. Moreover, specific A. muciniphila preparations with either live or pasteurized bacteria decreased the number and population (%) of splenic Treg cells (CD4+ Foxp3+) significantly in the HFD-fed animals, further supporting the anti-inflammatory properties of these bacteria.

scholarly journals Signifikansi Sunah dalam Perspektif Said Nursi Bagi Masyarakat Kontemporer

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-200
Author(s):  
Zaprulkhan Zaprulkhan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Said Nursi

This article discusses Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s ideas on significance of the Practices of the Prophet (Sunna) for modern people. In the present day, many modern people deal with some problems such as spiritual crisis (existential vacuum), moral degradation, and so on. On the other hand, according to Said Nursi, Practices of the Prophet are all highly beneficial remedies for sicknesses of the spirit, mind, and heart, and particularly for social sicknesses. Accordingly, Practices of the Prophet could give the best solution for modern people problems, both individual sicknesses and social sicknesses. Before proposing Said Nursi’s perspective about significance of sunna, the paper forwards epistemological questions: How are the meaning and function of sunna according to Said Nursi? How are the urgent problems of modern people? What is the significance of Practices of the Prophet for modern people in the view of Said Nursi? The answer of these questions will determine the significance of the Practices of the Prophet in our era and in the future.

scholarly journals Representation and function of characters from Greek antiquity in Benjamin Britten’s Death in Venice

Literator ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Spies
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Death In Venice ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

Lack of insight into Greek antiquity, more specifically the nature of classical tragedy and mythology, could be one reason for the negative reception of Benjamin Britten’s last opera Death in Venice. In the first place, this article considers Britten’s opera based on Thomas Mann’s novella as a manifestation of classical tragedy. Secondly, it is shown how mythological characters in Mann’s novella represent abstract ideas2 in Britten’s opera, thereby enhancing the dramatic impact of the opera considerably. On the one hand it is shown how the artist’s inner conflict manifests itself in a dialectic relationship between discipline and inspirat ion in Plato’s Phaedrus dialogue that forms the basis of Aschenbach’s monologue at the end of the opera. The conflict between Aschenbach’s rational consciousness and his irrational subconscious, on the other hand, is depicted by means of mythological figures, Apollo and Dionysus. Two focal points in the opera, namely the Games of Apollo at the end of Act 1 and the nightmare scene which forms the climax of the opera in Act 2, are used to illustrate the musical manifestation of this conflict.

OPTIMISM AND THE REPORTING OF FLU EPISODES

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nicholas Hamid
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
The Future ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Orientation Test

This study examined the differences between dispositional optimists and pessimists in their reporting of ill health and health promoting behaviors for a stress-related illness, namely influenza. The results revealed clear and consistent attentional biases of the dispositions as measured by the Life Orientation Test. While optimists and pessimists did not differ in stress levels or the number of incidences of flu, pessimists reported the duration as longer, a higher expectancy of flu in the future, and more symptoms and causes of stress than did optimists. On the other hand, optimists reported greater engagement in health promoting behavior and more specific attempts at prevention of flu. These differences are discussed with regard to attentional style and affect and the implications for further research are outlined.

scholarly journals The Linguistic Issues of Form and function and their Effect on Translating Conditional Structures in the Qur’an

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Sayed Morsy, Ph.D.
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Conditional Sentence ◽  
Conditional Structures ◽  
And Function

According to Ryding (2005), "conditional propositions are ones in which hypothetical conditions are specified in order for something else to take place." He adds "there are two clauses, one that specifies the condition…" and "one that specifies the consequences or result of those conditions" (p.671).  On the other hand, "the equivalent terms in Arabic are شرط /ʃartˤ/ (for the condition clause) and جواب /jawaab/ (for the consequence clause)"(p.671).  The writer divides conditions into "reasonably realizable" (if you study hard, you will pass) and "simply expressions of impossible or “contrary to fact” conditions"(p.671) (If he were rich, he would buy your car).  In brief, conditional sentences in both English and Arabic can be grouped into two categories, namely, real conditionals and unreal ones.  Real conditionals are indicated by a speaker who believes positively about the achievement of the condition, while the speaker of the unreal ones believes negatively about this achievement.   Moreover, the use of different conditional particles appoints the type of the condition in Arabic, but it is identified by the cluster of verb forms in English.  In English, the conditional sentence may precede or follow the main sentence, but it generally precedes the main sentence in Arabic. The tense of the verbs used in English conditional sentences differ in most cases from their Arabic counterparts. Furthermore, the most common type of conditionals in English involves ‘if’ and ‘unless’ but there are three common conditional particles and about ten conditional nouns in Arabic.  Ryding (2005) states that, "Arabic uses different particles to express possible conditions and impossible conditions"(p.671). The English conditional article ' if ' has three equivalents in Arabic: /?in/, /?iðaa/ and /law/.  The verbs of the two English conditional clauses in each of the four cases are in a sort of harmony in tense, but in Arabic such tense agreement is not a must.  Hence, we conclude that there is a general tense harmony between the English conditional clauses, but in Arabic, this is not commonly the case.  This dissonance leads to some extent of confusion while translating the source language(SL) into the target language(TL) in general and from the Quran ( as SL) into English (as TL) in particular.

scholarly journals PERSOALAN LIMITASI BUDAYA DAN SASTRA ISLAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kholil
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

The limitation of literature actually is still in discussion, on the other hand, it is fact that literature is the work produced by the cultural observer using language as his means. In addition to the limitation of literature, all of phenomena existing in certain society, certain period of time or certain situation are considered as literature. This point of view is not without any reasons, but it is based on the reality that literature is not independent, separated from it's society and culture which born and use it. It is clear that literature has position, role and function in society, and all of them always change from time to time and has differences among are society to another society.

The Structure and Function of the Melian Dialogue

1968 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Liebeschuetz
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Form Part ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City

Thucydides' account of the events at Melos in 416–15 B.C. falls into two parts, the famous dialogue in which representatives of Melos and of Athens discuss the submission of Melos, and a series of notes about the siege of the city culminating in the account of its destruction. But as I shall try to show, the two sections form part of a single whole. The discussion between the negotiators centres on two topics. In the first half of the dialogue the speakers discuss the expediency of forcing Melos into the Athenian Empire, in the second they discuss the likelihood of the Melians resisting successfully. But since the Melians are offered no alternative to becoming subjects except complete destruction, and since they are clearly not ready to choose the safe but dishonouring alternative, even though they have no chance of defending their city successfully, the inevitable destruction of Melos casts its shadow over the whole of the negotiations.Many of the arguments used in the discussion are equally relevant to the destruction and to the subjection of Melos. This is partly a result of the Athenian aim: to impress their island-subjects with their power. This they can achieve by forcing Melos to become a subject—but equally well by destroying it. On the level of expediency the Athenian argument would be equally applicable to either course, and the tactlessness of the Athenians suggests that they are not much concerned which of the two they will adopt. The Melians on the other hand appear to anticipate their own rejection of the ultimatum and to include the consequences of this inevitable rejection within the scope of their arguments. So a debate about the expediency of forcing an independent state to forgo its freedom is at the same time a debate about the expediency of destroying an independent city that refuses to become a subject.

Overexpression of CTLA-4 in the Bone Marrow of Patients with Multiple Myeloma As a Sign of Local Accumulation of Immunosuppressive Tregs – Perspectives for Novel Treatment Strategies

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 1829-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Moises Tobias Braga ◽  
Andre Luiz Vettore ◽  
Ana Carolina Carvalho ◽  
Djordje Atanackovic ◽  
Gisele W.B. Colleoni
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract Abstract 1829 Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) development involves a series of genetic alterations and changes in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, favoring the growth of the tumor and failure of local immune control. T regulatory (Treg) cells play an important role in the maintenance of self-tolerance and modulation of overall immune responses against infections and tumor cells. T-helper-17 (Th17) cells, on the other hand, have a critical function in eradicating extracellular pathogens and tumor cells. The balance between Treg and Th17 cells may be essential for maintaining homeostasis of anti-tumor immunity. The aim of our study was to characterize the expression of Treg- (FOXP3 and CTLA-4) and Th17-related (RORγt) genes in total MM bone marrow samples to assess the local immune milieu as a potential therapeutic target in this still incurable disease. Material and Methods: Expression of FOXP3, CTLA-4 and RORγt was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in BM aspirates of 55 MM patients, 4 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 5 healthy BM donors. Genes were considered overexpressed when their expression was at least two times higher in myeloma BM than in normal samples. Results:RORγt showed a non-significant overexpression in MM patients compared to controls. FOXP3, on the other hand, showed a 3.6-fold higher expression in MM patients compared to controls but the difference was not significant and was overexpressed in 63% of MM cases. CTLA-4 expression was 14.6-fold higher in MM patients compared to controls (p=0.03, Mann-Whitney test) and was overexpressed in 70% of MM cases. Importantly the CTLA-4/RORyt ratio was significantly higher in MM samples compared to controls (p = 0.009) while this difference was not significant when controls were compared to MGUS patients, suggesting that the immunological imbalance worsens with the progression of disease. Conclusions: CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4), an intracellular and membrane inhibitory protein expressed on Treg cells, modulates T-cell activation and is critical in maintaining immune tolerance to self-antigens. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have improved the survival of patients with metastatic melanoma in clinical trials. The myeloma-related overexperssion of CTLA-4 and the increased CTLA-4/RORyt ratio suggest an accumulation of immunosuppressive Tregs in the tumor microenvironment and/or an immediate involvement of this gene in the development and progression of myeloma. If protein expression confirms gene expression imbalance between Treg and Th17 subpopulations, therapeutic approaches that specifically target CTLA-4-expressing Treg myeloma cases may provide a new treatment strategy for this disease. (Supported by CNPq, Brazil). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Study on Specificity and Sensitivity of Oligonucleotide Probes for Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Xiao Dan Wang ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Takashi Someya
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Sixteen bacterial strains were used to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of the commonly used oligonucleotide probe for FISH. The results showed that GAM42a probe was not only hybridized with γ-subclass proteobacteria strains, but also hybridized with other subclass proteobacteria strains. The specificity of GAM42a probe therefore would be improved. On the other hand, the average value of detection rates of ALF1b, HGCGP and LGCGP354B probe was less than 50%. After 10min lysozyme treatment, only the detection rate of LGCGP354B probe was improved.

scholarly journals Natural Phenyldihydroisocoumarins: Sources, Chemistry and Bioactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhat S. Çiçek ◽  
Sara Vitalini ◽  
Christian Zidorn
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Taste ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Methoxy Groups ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds ◽  
Hydroxy Groups

The present review gives an overview about naturally occurring phenyldihydroisocoumarins, their sources, and bioactivities. In total, 54 compounds are covered, including eight substances which are in fact alkaloids or protoalkaloids. These nitrogen containing compounds were exclusively found in the Papaveraceae family. The remaining 46 compounds have been reported from twelve different source families, ranging from mosses to angiosperms. Six of the nitrogen free compounds feature additional rings, while 40 are simple phenyldihydroisocoumarins with substituents in all possible positions, except 3, 2’, and 6’. Common substituents of these simple phenyldihydroisocoumarins are hydroxy groups, methoxy groups, and glucosyloxy groups; on the other hand, acuminosyloxy and rutinosyloxy groups have so far been found only in one and two naturally occurring phenyldihydroisocoumarins, respectively. Though a number of bioactivities have been proven for phenyldihydroisocoumarins, ranging from anticancer and antidiabetic to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, so far only one taxon, Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii, is widely used. Moreover, the usage of this taxon is mainly due to the sweet taste properties of the contained phenyldihydroisocoumarin phyllodulcin and less based on the alleged health-promoting effects of its constituents.

scholarly journals Influence of chemical and physical conditions on the production of bacteriocin by Aeromonas hydrophila

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Strains

Aeromonas hydrophila have been isolated as a cause of a cute gastroenteritis in 23 (5.6%) of 410 patients. Other bacterial enteropathogens have been isolated from 387 patients with diarrhea, were 19 different strains. A. hydrophila occurred more commonly in children with acute diarrhea, the results showed that 18(78.26%) isolates of A. hydrophila found in children under 10 years old ,distributed to 10(43.47%) in male and 8(34.78%) in female ,and in adults with diarrhea 5 (21.73%). In the other hand, we noticed frequency of isolation was higher in male 14(60.86%) when compared with 9(39.14%) in female. Six strains of A. hydrophila have been observed to have bacteriocin activity against 12 of 23 different A. hydrophila ,as well as Staphylococcus aureas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacea and Shigella dysenteria. The results showed Bacteriocin-like substances (BLS11) had isoinhibitory activity on 10 same A. hydrophila species and heteroinhibitory activity effects on all pathogenic bacterial strains used, while BLS5 showed isoinhibitory activity on 2 same A. hydrophila species and heteroinhibitory activity by effecting on gram negative only, and BLS3& BLS12 showed activity on E. coli isolates only, and none of BLS1& BLS10(isoinhibitory activity on 1 A.hydrophila respectively) had effect on all pathogenic bacteria. Among the standard laboratory media used Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) showed the maximum production and poor yields resulted from growth in Peptone Glyserol (PG) and Nutrient broth. We selected BLS11 to their wide range effect on same species and enteric pathogenic strains, to study the Influence of chemical and physical conditions on the production of BLS by A.hydrophila. The BLS11 preparations from A.hydrophila11 strains of A. hydrophila were tolerant to all three treatments of surfactant. In the other hand, effect of organic acid on BLS production BLS11 has been studied and showed no remarkable difference in zone of inhibition when used acetone as affecter element, while both of isopropanol and ethanol have narrow inhibition zone range when compared with control strain. These results indicated that most A. hydrophila might be harboring plasmid mediated bacteriocin like substance, and there are no relation between BLS production and number of plasmid bands present in bacteria.

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