scholarly journals Characterization of Diatomaceous Earth and Halloysite Resources of Poland

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Lutyński ◽  
Piotr Sakiewicz ◽  
Sylwia Lutyńska
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Copper Ores

The mining industry of Poland is based mostly on coal and copper ores. Strict carbon emissions and the depletion of deposits will slowly phase out coal. Therefore, metallic ores and other mineral raw materials will dominate the extractive industry of Poland. Current measured resources of the largest deposits of halloysite and diatomaceous earth in Poland are over 0.5 Mt and 10 Mt, respectively. Halloysite and diatomaceous earth samples from halloysite Dunino deposits and Jawornik diatomaceous earth deposits (composed mostly of diatomaceous skeletons (frustules)) were subjected to mineralogical analysis, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) nanostructural, chemical, elemental, and mineral content analysis. Both these minerals have similar properties, i.e., sorption capacity and cation exchange capacity, and are used mostly for the same purposes, e.g., adsorbents, filler material, and filtration. Samples of Dunino halloysite consist of minerals such as halloysite, kaolinite, hematite, magnetite, quartz, magnesioferrite, rutile, ilmenite, geikielite, goyazite, gorceixite, and crandallite, with little impurities in the form of iron oxides. Occasionally, halloysite nanoplates (HNP) nanotubes (HNT) were found. Diatomaceous earth is composed mainly of silica-containing phases (quartz, opal) and clay minerals (illite and kaolinite). The frustules of diatoms are mostly centric (discoid) and have radius values of approximately 50–60 μm. Large resources of these minerals could be used in the future either for manufacturing composite materials or highly advanced adsorbents.

scholarly journals Integration of Dental Implants in Conjunction with EDTA-Conditioned Dentin Grafts: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Payam Farzad ◽  
Ted Lundgren ◽  
Adel Al-Asfour ◽  
Lars Andersson ◽  
Christer Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dentin Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C And N ◽  
Micro Implants ◽  
Demineralized Dentin

This study was undertaken to investigate the integration of titanium micro-implants installed in conjunction with previously dentin-grafted areas and to study the morphological appearance, mineral content, and healing pattern of xenogenic EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks and granules grafted to cavities in the tibial bone of rabbits. Demineralized and non-demineralized dentin blocks and granules from human premolars were implanted into cavities prepared on the lateral aspects of the tibias of rabbits. After a healing period of six months, micro-implants were installed at each surgical site. Histological examinations were carried out after 24 weeks. Characterization of the EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks was performed by means of light microscopy, dental X-rays, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). No implants were found to be integrated in direct contact with the dentin particles or blocks. On the EDTA-conditioned dentin surface, the organic marker elements C and N dominated, as revealed by EDX. The hydroxyapatite constituents Ca and P were almost absent on the dentin surface. No statistically significant difference was observed between the EDTA-conditioned and non-demineralized dentin, as revealed by BIC and BA. The bone-inductive capacity of the dentin material seemed limited, although demineralization by means of EDTA indicated higher BIC and BA values in conjunction with the installed implants in the area. A 12 h EDTA treatment did not fully decalcify the grafts, as revealed by X-ray analysis.

Solvothermal Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Gd2O2S:RE3+ (RE3+=Eu3+/Tb3+) Hollow Sphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Xi Xu ◽  
Xiao Tong Sang ◽  
Jing Bao Lian ◽  
Nian Chu Wu ◽  
Xue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electronic Microscope

Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions singly activated Gd2O2S hollow spheres have been successfully synthesized via solvothermal method by using Gd (NO3)3, Eu (NO3)3, Tb (NO3)3 and thiourea as raw materials. Detailed characterization of the as-prepared samples were obtained by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electronic microscope (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that at 220 oC for 24 h, the molar ratio of thiourea/Gd3+ has no significant impact on the phase composition of Gd2O2S products. With the reaction time increased from 6 h to 24 h, the morphology of Gd2O2S samples changed from ellipsoidal to near-spheroidal structure, but still remained hollow structure. PL results show that the strongest emission peaks for Gd2O2S:Eu3+ and Gd2O2S:Tb3+ samples were centered at 625 nm and 545 nm, corresponding to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions and 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb3+ ions, respectively. The quenching concentrations for Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions were 12% and 6%, which can be attributed to the exchange interaction for Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions, respectively.

Preparation of Local Raw Material for α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Powder from Mineral Extraction of Iron Sand

2019 ◽  
Vol 966 ◽  
pp. 308-313
Author(s):  
M.P. Izaak ◽  
H. Sitompul ◽  
Wisnu Ari Adi ◽  
Yohanes Edi Gunanto
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Coprecipitation Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Characterization ◽  
Coercivity Field ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Particle Size Characterization

Synthesis and characterization of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were obtained from extraction of ilmenite iron sand with coprecipitation method and to obtain α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, high energy milling (HEM) was used. Surface morphology and identification of the elements contained in the sample were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). For phase analysis and crystal structure, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used. Moreover a vibrating magnetometer sample (VSM) was used to characterize its magnetic properties, while tunneling electron microscopy (TEM) was used for particle size characterization. Ilmenite-type iron sand has a diverse particle shape with a size of more than 100 μm with ilmenite (FeTiO3) mineral content of about 64.7%. The results of extraction using coprecipitation method with sintering 750 °C, obtained hematite α-Fe2O3 material which has not been saturated to an external magnetic field of 1 tesla, the magnetic remanent value (Mr) is about 0.8 emu/g and the coercivity field value is Hc around 773 Oe. The average size of hematite α-Fe2O3 particles after being milled 50 hours is between 15-30 nm with a cube-like shape.

Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization of selected Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic muddy/clayey raw materials to be potentially used as healing clays

Clay Minerals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rebelo ◽  
F. Rocha ◽  
E. Ferreira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Geological Formations

AbstractThe use of pelitic geological materials for the treatment of muscle-bone-skin pathologies, by application of a cataplasm made of clay and mineral water mixture, is currently receiving attention and interest from the general public and scientific community. In Portugal there are several natural occurrences of clays/muds which are used for pelotherapy and/or geotherapy. These are carried out either indoors (thalassotherapy and thermal centres) or outdoors, in natural sites generally located near the seaside. The aim of this study is to assess the mineralogical and physicochemical properties of Portuguese raw materials for therapeutic purposes. These materials were collected from different Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic geological formations located in the neighbourhood of thermal centres or at beaches known from their empirical applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to assess the mineralogical composition of these clays. Physicochemical properties, such as specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, plasticity/abrasiveness indices and heat diffusiveness were also determined. Having distinct geological ages and genesis, the materials examined are mainly illitic. Less abundant kaolinite and smectite are also present. With respect to their physicochemical properties, all samples have good thermal properties which make them potentially suitable for therapeutic or aesthetic purposes.

SEM, XRF, XRD, Nitrogen Adsorption, Fosters Swelling and Capacity Adsorption Characterization of Cloisite 30 B

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1591-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Cadigena Lima Patrício ◽  
Marcílio Máximo da Silva ◽  
Anna Karoline Freires de Sousa ◽  
Mariaugusta Ferreira Mota ◽  
Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Cations ◽  
Cloisite 30B

Cationic surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium cations, have been used, in order to ameliorate the oil sorption capacity of inorganics materials, such as clays. Clays modified with quaternary ammonium cations (organoclays) have better performance in sorption, remove oil and grease from water at seven times the rate of activated carbon, as well as they can be used like perforation fluids of oil wells to the oil base, lubricants, among others industries. This work aims characterize the Cloisite 30B using various techniques: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Specific Surface Area (BET) and Cation Exchange Capacity. Different organic solvents, namely gasoline, diesel and kerosene were used in order to investigate the clays compatibility after orgophilization.

Study of the Characterization of Smectitic Clays from a Town in the State of Paraíba

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
I.A. Silva ◽  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
W.S. Cavalcanti ◽  
F.K.A. Sousa ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
Chemical Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Town

The State of Paraíba has gained prominence in the production of raw bentonite in Brazil, where a new deposit has been found in the town of Sossego-PB, besides the deposit in the town of Boa Vista-PB. With the raise in the demand, the traditional reserves are depleting after several years of exploration, and this fact may result in a higher dependence on imported clays, thus existing a great interest in the discovery and characterization of new deposits, also guaranteeing technological improvements for the region. So, the objective of this work is to characterize the new deposits of the State of Paraíba, aiming at analyzing the characteristics the prove their classification as smectitic clays. The characterization was made through the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results prove that the studied samples presented, in their mineralogical composition, smectite, kaolinite and quartz, besides thermal and chemical behavior typical smectitic clays.

Physico-Mineralogical Characterization: Bentonitic Clays Recently Found in Olivedos, Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
F.K.A. Sousa ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
W.S. Cavalcanti ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
The Town

Used in various branches of the industry, bentonitic clays are considered a valuable mineral, used specially in the petroleum industry for manufacturing of fluids used the drilling of petroleum wells in long depth. Recently, a deposit of this valuable mineral was discovered in the town of Olivedos-PB. There are data that prove that this is a very poor and underdeveloped town. So, this work aims at the physico-mineralogical characterization of clays recently discovered and, this way, verify if they present similar characteristics which allow them to replace the clays from Boa Vista-PB, and if they can be used by the industry, thus bringing social development for that town. The characterization was made by means of the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), thermogravimetric and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results show that the clays recently discovered in Olivedos-PB are polycationic clays, presenting MgO, CaO and K2O content, and that they are constituted by smectitic clay mineral, by quartz and kaolinite.

Study on Sulfur Existing Form in Sinter

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1279-1283
Author(s):  
Yu Zhu Zhang ◽  
Su Ju Hao ◽  
Wu Feng Jiang ◽  
Yue Long
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulphide ◽  
Existing Form

Lower sulfur content is absolutely necessary for high value-added quality steel, so it is required to reduce sulfur content of product in each link of metallurgical production. Sintering is one of important links to provide blast furnace raw materials. Study on Sulfur existing form in Sinter can provide significant theoretical guide on sulfur distribution in metallurgical production. In this paper, small sintering experiments were carried out and sinter samples with different alkalinities were prepared. The samples were characterized by mineralogical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that Sulfur existing form in Sinter is calcium sulphide (CaS). CaS can not be oxidized and melted down in the following process of blast furnace iron-making and can directly enters into slag for discharge outside the furnace.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zn-Ca-Mg-Al Hydrotacite-Like Compounds and its Application in the PVC

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Long Feng Li ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Mao Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compounds (CaMgAl-HTLcs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. The effects of the medium pH value, the molar ratio of the raw materials, the reaction temperature and the reaction time on the structure of CaMgAl-HTLcs were studied. The results showed that increasing treatment temperature and reaction time could improve the crystallinity and monodispersity of hydrotalcite-like compound particles. And well-defined CaMgAl-HTLcs could be prepared at a pH value of 10~11 with n(Zn+Mg+Ca):n(Al) =2. The products synthesized were applied to PVC to improve the thermal stability of PVC.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyurethane Adhesives

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Borges Correia ◽  
João C. Bordado
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Stray Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polyurethane Adhesives ◽  
Dimer Acids

Polyurethane adhesives provide excellent flexibility, impact resistance and durability. Polyurethanes are formed through the reaction of an isocyanate component with polyether or polyester polyols or other active hydrogen compounds. This paper refers to polyurethane adhesives made from polyester polyols with long aliphatic chains (up to 36 carbon atoms) and MDI (diphenylmethane-4,4’-diisocyanate). The polyester polyols have been made from dimer acids obtained from renewable sources and short chain diols. The polyols that were used presented different degrees of unsaturation. The influence of the different raw materials in the adhesives performance is studied. The polyurethanes were produced by reaction between quasi-stoichiometric quantities of polyol and MDI, at several temperatures. The reaction was carried under inert atmosphere and at temperatures below 100°C. Performance of the adhesives was tested by carrying adhesion, hardness and water absorption tests. Characterization of both the polyester polyols and polyurethane adhesives was carried by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Magnetic Nuclear Resonance (NMR), X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Scanning RMN Imaging of 1H of Stray- Field b (MRI) and Brookfield viscometry.

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