In-Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Crude Aqueous and n-Hexane Extracts of the Husk of Cocos nucifera

Akinyele, T.A., 2011. Assessment of the antibacterial properties of n-Hexane extract of Cocos Nucifera and its interactions with some Conventional antibiotics. Masters Dissertation. University of Fort Hare, Alice. Alan´ıs, A.D., Calzada, F, Cervantes J.A., Torres, J., and Ceballos, G.M. 2005. Antibacterial properties of some plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 100, 153–157. Alviano, W.S., Alviao, D.S., Diniz, C.G., Antoniolli, A.R., Alviano, C.S., Frias, L.M. 2008. In vitro antioxidant potential of medicinal plant extracts and their activities against oral bacteria based on Brazilian folk medicine. Arch Oral Biol. 53:545-552. Arora, R, Chawla, R, Marwah, R, Arora, P, Sharma R.K., Kaushik, V, Goel, R, Kaur, A, Silambarasan, M, Tripathi, R.P., and Bhardwaj, J.R. 2011. Corporation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Hindawi Publishing. Bakhru, H.K. 2000. Foods That Heal. Orient Paper Backs, New Delhi. Batovska, I.D., Todorova, I.T., Tsvetkova I.V., and Najdenski H.M. 2009. Antibacterial Study of the Medium Chain Fatty Acids and Their 1- Monoglycerides: Individual Effects and Synergistic Relationships. Polish Journal of Microbiology. 58: 43- 47. Bolling, B.W., McKay, D.L., Blumberg, J.B. 2010. The phytochemical composition and antioxidant actions of tree nuts. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr; 19: 117-23. Conrado S. Dayrit. 2000. Read at the XXXVII Cocotech Meeting, Chennai, India Deb Mandal M, Mandal. S 2011. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): In health promotion and disease Prevention. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 241-247. Dyana, J.P., and Kanchana, G. 2012. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Cocos Nucifera L. Flowers, International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 4, Issue 3. Effiong, G.S., Ebong, P.E., Eyong, E.U., Uwah, A.J., and Ekong, U.E. 2010. Amelioration of Chloramphenicol Induced Toxicity in Rats by Coconut Water, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 6(4): 331-335. Esquenazi D, Wigg M.D, Miranda M.M.F.S., Rodrigues H.M., Tostes J.B.F., Rozental S, da Silva A.J.R. and Alviano, C.S 2002. Antimicrobial and antiviral activities of polyphenolics fromCocos nucifera Linn. (Palmae) husk fiber extract. Research in Microbiology 153: 647–652. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Economic and Social Department. Statistics division (September 2, 2010). FAOSTAT- Production- Crops [Selected annual data]. Retrieved April 14, 2011 from the FAOSTAT database. Ifesan, B.O.T., Fashakin, J.F., Ebosele, F, and Oyerinde, A.S. 2013. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Plant Leaves, European Journal of Medicinal Plants 3(3): 465-473. Krishnamoorthy, M. and Arjun, P. 2012. Probiotic and antimicrobial activity of bacteria from fermented toddy of Cocos nucifera, J. Acad. Indus. Res. Vol. 1(3). Mandal S.M., Dey, S, Mandal, M, Sarkar, S, Maria-Neto, S. and Franco, O.L. 2009. Identification and structural insights of three novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from green coconut water. Peptides. 30. 633-637. Mariselvam, R, Ranjitsingh, A.J.A., Nandhini, U.R.A. and Kalirajan, K. 2013. Antihelmintic and antibacterial activity of Cocos nucifera tree inflorances crude extract. IJSID, 3 (2), 311-316. Mehlhorn H, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Rasheid KAS, Jatzlau A, and Abdel-Ghaffar F. Addition of a combination of onion (Allium cepa) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) to food of sheep stops Gastrointestinal Helminthic infections. Parasitol Res (2011) 108:1041–1046. Mendonça-Filho R.R, Rodrigues I.A, Alviano D.S, Santos A.L.S, Soares R.M.A, Alviano C.S, Lopes A H.C.S., Rosa M.S. 2004. Leishmanicidal activity of polyphenolic-rich extract from husk fiber of Cocos nucifera Linn. (Palmae) Research in Microbiology 155: 136–143. Mukherjee PK, Kumar SN and Heinrich M (2008). Plant Made Pharmaceuticals (PMPs)- Development of Natural Health Products from Bio-Diversity. Indian J. Pharm Educ. Res 42(2), 113-121. Nakatsuji, T, Kao M.C., Fang, J.Y., Zouboulis, C.C., Zhang, L, Gallo R.L. and Huang C.M. 2009. Antimicrobial Property of Lauric Acid against Propionibacterium acnes: Its Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Acne Vulgaris, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Volume 129. NMCE. Report on Copra. National Multi-Commodity Exchange of India Limited; 2007, 1-14. O’Neil, C.E., Keast, D.R., Nicklas, T.A. and Fulgoni V.L. 2012. Out of-hand nut consumption is associated with improve nutrient intake and health risk markers in US children and adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. Nutr Res 32: 185–194. Ogbolu D.O., Oni AA, Daini OA, and A.P. Oloko 2007. In Vitro Antimicrobial Properties of Coconut Oil on Candida Species in Ibadan, Nigeria, J Med Food 10 (2), 384–387. Pushpan R, Kumari H, Nishteswar K and N Vishwanathan. 2013. Preliminary Phytochemcial Screening of Narikelapushpa (Flower of Cocos nucifera L.) Global Journal of Traditional Medicinal Systems, 2(2): 1-3. Singla R.K., Jaiswal N, Bhat V and Hitesh Jagani 2011. Antioxidant & Antimicrobial Activities of Cocos Nucifera Linn. (Arecaceae) Endocarp Extracts Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 1(4): 354-361. Taheri J.B., Espineli F.W., Lu H, Asayesh M, Bakshi M, Nakhostin M.R 2010. Antimicrobial effect of coconut flour on oral microflora: An in vitro study. Res J Biol Scs. 5(6): 456-459. Thaweboon S, Nakaparksin J, Thaweboon B.2011. Effect of Oil-Pulling on Oral Microorganisms in Biofilm Models, Asia Journal of Public Health, Vol. 2 No. 2. Venkataraman S, Ramanujam T.R, Venkatasubbu V.S. 1980. Antifungal activity of the alcoholic extract of coconut shell—Cocos nucifera Linn. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2: 291–293. Verma V, Bhardwaj A, Rathi S. and Raja R.B 2012. A Potential Antimicrobial Agent from Cocos nucifera mesocarp extract; Development of a New Generation Antibiotic. ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol. 1(2), 48-54.

Download Full-text

The Biological Activity of Monarda didyma L. Essential Oil and Its Effect as a Diet Supplement in Mice and Broiler Chicken

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3368

Author(s):

Héloïse Côté ◽

André Pichette ◽

Alexis St-Gelais ◽

Jean Legault

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Monarda Didyma

The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in livestock faces increasing scrutiny and opposition due to concerns about the increased occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Alternative solutions are being sought, and plants of Lamiaceae may provide an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in animal nutrition. In this study, we extracted essential oil from Monarda didyma, a member of the Lamiaceae family. We examined the chemical composition of the essential oil and then evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of M. didyma essential oil and its main compounds in vitro. We then evaluated the effectiveness of M. didyma essential oil in regard to growth performance, feed efficiency, and mortality in both mice and broilers. Carvacrol (49.03%) was the dominant compound in the essential oil extracts. M. didyma essential oil demonstrated antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (MIC = 87 µg·mL−1), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 47 µg·mL−1), and Clostridium perfringens (MIC = 35 µg·mL−1). Supplementing the diet of mice with essential oil at a concentration of 0.1% significantly increased body weight (+5.4%) and feed efficiency (+18.85%). In broilers, M. didyma essential oil significantly improved body weight gain (2.64%). Our results suggest that adding M. didyma essential oil to the diet of broilers offers a potential substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.

Download Full-text

A High-Throughput Metabolic Microarray Assay Reveals Antibacterial Effects of Black and Red Raspberries and Blackberries against Helicobacter pylori Infection

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070845 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 845

Author(s):

Candace Goodman ◽

Katrina N. Lyon ◽

Aitana Scotto ◽

Cyra Smith ◽

Thomas A. Sebrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

High Throughput ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Biolog System ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori infection is commonly treated with a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. However, since H. pylori is becoming increasingly resistant to standard antibiotic regimens, novel treatment strategies are needed. Previous studies have demonstrated that black and red berries may have antibacterial properties. Therefore, we analyzed the antibacterial effects of black and red raspberries and blackberries on H. pylori. Freeze-dried powders and organic extracts from black and red raspberries and blackberries were prepared, and high-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the concentrations of anthocyanins, which are considered the major active ingredients. To monitor antibiotic effects of the berry preparations on H. pylori, a high-throughput metabolic growth assay based on the Biolog system was developed and validated with the antibiotic metronidazole. Biocompatibility was analyzed using human gastric organoids. All berry preparations tested had significant bactericidal effects in vitro, with MIC90 values ranging from 0.49 to 4.17%. Antimicrobial activity was higher for extracts than powders and appeared to be independent of the anthocyanin concentration. Importantly, human gastric epithelial cell viability was not negatively impacted by black raspberry extract applied at the concentration required for complete bacterial growth inhibition. Our data suggest that black and red raspberry and blackberry extracts may have potential applications in the treatment and prevention of H. pylori infection but differ widely in their MICs. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Biolog metabolic assay is suitable for high-throughput antimicrobial susceptibility screening of H. pylori.

Download Full-text

An In Vitro Coumarin-Antibiotic Combination Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20987744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X2098774

Author(s):

Jinpeng Zou ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Ruiwei Guo ◽

Yu Tang ◽

Zhengrong Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Antibiotic Combination

The drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a worldwide problem due to its great threat to human health. A crude extract of Angelica dahurica has been proved to have antibacterial properties, which suggested that it may be able to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; initial exploration had shown that the crude extract could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa effectively. After the adaptive dose of coumarin was confirmed to be a potential treatment for the bacteria’s drug resistance, “coumarin-antibiotic combination treatments” (3 coumarins—simple coumarin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin—combined with 2 antibiotics—ampicillin and ceftazidime) were examined to determine their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa. The final results showed that (1) coumarin with either ampicillin or ceftazidime significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; (2) coumarin could directly destroy mature biofilms; and (3) the combination treatment can synergistically enhance the inhibition of biofilm formation, which could significantly reduce the usage of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. To sum up, a coumarin-antibiotic combination treatment may be a potential way to inhibit the biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa and provides a reference for antibiotic resistance treatment.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial properties in-vitro of Mexican serviceberry extracts against dental biofilm species

Journal of Berry Research ◽

10.3233/jbr-210718 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Erika-Alejandra Salinas-Peña ◽

Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez ◽

Claudia Velázquez-González ◽

Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis ◽

América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Positive Control ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Biofilm Bacteria

BACKGROUND: The Mexican serviceberry, Malacomeles denticulata, have been used as a successful oral therapy by Mexican communities without enough scientific support. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the M. denticulata extracts with selective antibacterial properties over dental biofilm bacteria. METHODS: Fruit, Leaf, and Stem of M. denticulata extracts were evaluated with micro-broth dilution method using ATCC bacteria. OD600 values had compared against each positive control (T-student-test). Anaerobically viability had confirmed by Colony-Forming-Units. Thin-Layer-Chromatography was used to identify the number of compounds and phytochemicals to identify secondary metabolites of the selected extracts. RESULTS: Streptococcus mutans showed Minimum-Bactericidal-Concentrations_(MBC) at 30 mg/mL to Fruit, Leaf, and Stem extracts. Periodontal-pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p < 0.01); Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p<0.001); Parvimonas micra_(MBC = 15 mg/mL_NS); Porphyromonas gingivalis_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_NS); and Prevotella intermedia_(MBC = 3.75 mg/mL_NS) presented higher sensitivity to Leaf-Methanol, than the primary colonizers. Phytochemicals showed positive results to anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, saponins steroids/triterpenoids, steroids/triterpenes, and tannins/phenols. CONCLUSION: We suggest the natural extracts of fruit and leaf of the Mexican serviceberry for the preventive use over the oral cariogenic or periodontal biofilm species, by their selective antibacterial properties against pathogenic species evaluated in-vitro, and due to the presence of antibacterial secondary metabolites identified as flavonoids and saponins of M. denticulata leaf extracts.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 450

Author(s):

Maigualida Cuenca ◽

María Carmen Sánchez ◽

Pedro Diz ◽

Lucía Martínez-Lamas ◽

Maximiliano Álvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Biofilm Model ◽

Biofilm Development

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of Streptococcus downii sp. nov. To test anti-biofilm properties, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were grown in a biofilm model in the presence or not of S. downii sp. nov. for up to 120 h. For the potential antibacterial activity, 24 h-biofilms were exposed to S. downii sp. nov for 24 and 48 h. Biofilms structures and bacterial viability were studied by microscopy, and the effect in bacterial load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A generalized linear model was constructed, and results were considered as statistically significant at p < 0.05. The presence of S. downii sp. nov. during biofilm development did not affect the structure of the community, but an anti-biofilm effect against S. mutans was observed (p < 0.001, after 96 and 120 h). For antibacterial activity, after 24 h of exposure to S. downii sp. nov., counts of S. mutans (p = 0.019) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.020) were significantly reduced in well-structured biofilms. Although moderate, anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of S. downii sp. nov. against oral bacteria, including some periodontal pathogens, were demonstrated in an in vitro biofilm model.

Download Full-text

Designing P. aeruginosa synthetic phages with reduced genomes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81580-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diana P. Pires ◽

Rodrigo Monteiro ◽

Dalila Mil-Homens ◽

Arsénio Fialho ◽

Timothy K. Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Infection Model ◽

Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

First Time

AbstractIn the era where antibiotic resistance is considered one of the major worldwide concerns, bacteriophages have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to deal with this problem. Genetically engineered bacteriophages can enable enhanced anti-bacterial functionalities, but require cloning additional genes into the phage genomes, which might be challenging due to the DNA encapsulation capacity of a phage. To tackle this issue, we designed and assembled for the first time synthetic phages with smaller genomes by knocking out up to 48% of the genes encoding hypothetical proteins from the genome of the newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage vB_PaeP_PE3. The antibacterial efficacy of the wild-type and the synthetic phages was assessed in vitro as well as in vivo using a Galleria mellonella infection model. Overall, both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the knock-outs made in phage genome do not impair the antibacterial properties of the synthetic phages, indicating that this could be a good strategy to clear space from phage genomes in order to enable the introduction of other genes of interest that can potentiate the future treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.

Download Full-text

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver–Strontium (Ag-Sr)-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels7020034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Shaher Bano ◽

Memoona Akhtar ◽

Muhammad Yasir ◽

Muhammad Salman Maqbool ◽

Akbar Niaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

Osteogenic Potential ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Charge Composition ◽

In Vitro Bioactivity ◽

Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Biomedical implants are the need of this era due to the increase in number of accidents and follow-up surgeries. Different types of bone diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteomalacia, bone cancer, etc., are increasing globally. Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) are used in biomedical devices due to their osteointegration and bioactive properties. In this study, silver (Ag)- and strontium (Sr)-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Ag-Sr MBGNs) were prepared by a modified Stöber process. In this method, Ag+ and Sr2+ were co-substituted in pure MBGNs to harvest the antibacterial properties of Ag ions, as well as pro-osteogenic potential of Sr2 ions. The effect of the two-ion concentration on morphology, surface charge, composition, antibacterial ability, and in-vitro bioactivity was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the doping of Sr and Ag in MBGNs. SEM and EDX analysis confirmed the spherical morphology and typical composition of MBGNs, respectively. The Ag-Sr MBGNs showed a strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus carnosus and Escherichia coli bacteria determined via turbidity and disc diffusion method. Moreover, the synthesized Ag-Sr MBGNs develop apatite-like crystals upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), which suggested that the addition of Sr improved in vitro bioactivity. The Ag-Sr MBGNs synthesized in this study can be used for the preparation of scaffolds or as a filler material in the composite coatings for bone tissue engineering.

Download Full-text

Effect of Gold Nanoparticles and Silicon on the Bioactivity and Antibacterial Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Biomicroconcretes

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14143854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 3854

Author(s):

Joanna Czechowska ◽

Ewelina Cichoń ◽

Anna Belcarz ◽

Anna Ślósarczyk ◽

Aneta Zima

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Setting Time ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Setting Times ◽

Biological Studies

Bioactive, chemically bonded bone substitutes with antibacterial properties are highly recommended for medical applications. In this study, biomicroconcretes, composed of silicon modified (Si-αTCP) or non-modified α-tricalcium phosphate (αTCP), as well as hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan granules non-modified and modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), were designed. The developed biomicroconcretes were supposed to combine the dual functions of antibacterial activity and bone defect repair. The chemical and phase composition, microstructure, setting times, mechanical strength, and in vitro bioactive potential of the composites were examined. Furthermore, on the basis of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists test (AATCC 100), adapted for chemically bonded materials, the antibacterial activity of the biomicroconcretes against S. epidermidis, E. coli, and S. aureus was evaluated. All biomicroconcretes were surgically handy and revealed good adhesion between the hybrid granules and calcium phosphate-based matrix. Furthermore, they possessed acceptable setting times and mechanical properties. It has been stated that materials containing AuNPs set faster and possess a slightly higher compressive strength (3.4 ± 0.7 MPa). The modification of αTCP with silicon led to a favorable decrease of the final setting time to 10 min. Furthermore, it has been shown that materials modified with AuNPs and silicon possessed an enhanced bioactivity. The antibacterial properties of all of the developed biomicroconcretes against the tested bacterial strains due to the presence of both chitosan and Au were confirmed. The material modified simultaneously with AuNPs and silicon seems to be the most promising candidate for further biological studies.

Download Full-text