Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activityof Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oils from Bulgaria

Laurel, Laurus nobilis L. is an evergreen plant belonging to the Lauraceae family, native to Southern Europe and the Mediterranean area. This is the first report on the composition and bioactivity of laurel essential oil (EO) from Bulgaria. The oil yield was 0.78%, 0.80%, and 3.25% in the fruits, twigs, and leaves, respectively. The main constituents in the fruit EO were 1,8-cineole (33.3%), α-terpinyl acetate (10.3%), α-pinene (11.0%), β-elemene (7.5%), sabinene (6.3%), β-phellandrene (5.2%), bornyl acetate (4.4%), and camphene (4.3%); those in the twig EO were 1,8-cineole (48.5%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.1%), methyl eugenol (6.6%), β-linalool (3.8%), β-pinene (3.4%), sabinene (3.3%) and terpinene-4-ol (3.3%); and the ones in the leaf EO were 1,8-cineole (41.0%), α-terpinyl acetate (14.4%), sabinene (8.8%), methyl eugenole (6.0%), β-linalool (4.9%), and α-terpineol (3.1%). The antibacterial and antifungal properties of laurel EOs were examined according to the agar well diffusion method. The leaf EO showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against almost all strains of the microorganisms tested, whereas the twig EO was only able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 9027 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 were the bacterial strains that showed the highest resistance to the laurel EO. The results can benefit the EO industry and biopesticide development.

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Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Richardia scabra

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i2.24666 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kathirvel Poonkodi ◽

Subban Ravi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Weed Species ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Agar Plug ◽

Phytochemical Investigation ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Simple Sugar

The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts from the mature leaves of Richardia scabra from India. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the zone inhibition of the tested samples for antibacterial and agar plug method was used to determine the antifungal activity, while the microtube-dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Both extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities when tested against 10 bacterial and four fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the methanol extract of R. scabra ranged between 12.5–100 μg/mL for bacterial strains. Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, fatty acids, terpenoids and simple sugar were detected as phytoconstituents of extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report against antimicrobial activity of common weed species R. scabra found in India.

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Antimicrobial Activity and Composition of Five Rosmarinus (Now Salvia spp. and Varieties) Essential Oils

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10091090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1090

Author(s):

Ylenia Pieracci ◽

Daniela Ciccarelli ◽

Silvia Giovanelli ◽

Luisa Pistelli ◽

Guido Flamini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Principal Component ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

The Matrix ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Natural Preservatives

Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. and Salvia jordanii J.B.Walker are aromatic evergreen shrubs belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Their aerial parts have been used since ancient times as natural preservatives. The present study reported the investigation of the chemical profile and the extraction yield of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from the dried aerial parts of four cultivars of Salvia rosmarinus (‘Boule’; ‘Vicomte de Noailles’; ‘Gorizia’; ‘Joyce de Baggio’) and the species S. jordanii, together with their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The phytochemical investigation evidenced a predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes in all the samples (57.5–77.1%), except in ‘Boule’, in which the hydrocarbon form prevailed (50.2%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the matrix taxa × compounds showed that nine compounds have a significant discriminating function between the samples. ‘Vicomte de Noailles’ was characterized by high amounts of camphor and 14-hydroxy-9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene, while ‘Gorizia’ and Jord differed in their predominance of camphene, borneol, bornyl acetate, and α-humulene. Lastly, ‘Boule’ and ‘Joyce de Baggio’ segregated separately and were characterized by high amounts of α-pinene, myrcene, and verbenone. The selected EOs presented a moderate antibacterial activity on the tested bacterial strains and resulted not active on the tested yeast species.

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Synthesis of a Series of Novel 2-Amino-5-Substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives as Potential Anticancer, Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573406417666210803170637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Em Canh Pham ◽

Tuyen Ngoc Truong ◽

Nguyen Hanh Dong ◽

Duy Duc Vo ◽

Tuoi Thi Hong Do

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Molecular Docking Study ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Thiadiazole Derivatives ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background: Many compounds containing a five-membered heterocyclic ring display exceptional chemical properties and versatile biological activities. Objective: The objective of the present study was the desire to prepare the 5-substituted 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole and 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and evaluate their potential anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Methods: Twenty-seven derivatives were synthesized by iodine-mediated cyclization of semicarbazones or thiosemicarbazones obtained from condensation of semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide and aldehydes. The structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectra. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated by diffusion method and the anticancer activities were evaluated by MTT assay. Results: Twenty-seven derivatives have been synthesized in moderate to good yields. A number of derivatives exhibited potential antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities. Conclusion: Compounds (1b, 1e and 1g) showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA and MRSA with MIC ranging between 4 to 64 µg/mL. Compound (2g) showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans (8 µg/mL) and Aspergillus niger (64 µg/mL). Compound (1o) exhibited high cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell line (IC50 value 8.6 µM), which is comparable to the activity of paclitaxel, and is non-toxic on LLC-PK1 normal cell line. The structure activity relationship and molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds are also reported.

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ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (ROXB.) LEAVES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i10.39057 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 191-193

Author(s):

REKHA TRIPATHI

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽

Antimicrobial Studies ◽

Almost All ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Antifungal Efficacy

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine various extracts of leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia against some test bacteria and test fungi. Methods: Disk diffusion method was adopted for the assessment of antimicrobial activity. Amikacin and nystatin were used as standard drugs for antibacterial and antifungal activity, respectively. Results: The screening data indicated that all four extracts showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but the growth of this bacteria was inhibited the most by the aqueous extract. In the case of antifungal efficacy, all the extracts inhibited the growth of almost all the test fungi. Petroleum ether and benzene extracts showed maximum efficacy against Aspergillus flavus, whereas methanolic extract and aqueous extract inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia bataticola significantly. Conclusion: Different extracts of leaves of H. integrifolia were significantly active against selected test fungi and they can be a harmless alternative of expensive conventional medicines.

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Antibacterial Effect of Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Annual of Natural Sciences Department ◽

10.33919/ansd.20-21.6.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 47-62

Author(s):

Nikoleta Hristova ◽

Margarita Tzenova ◽

Martina Ivanova ◽

Emilia Grozdanova ◽

Slavena Davidova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Ethacridine Lactate ◽

Synthetic Agents ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Zero Effect ◽

Almost All ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Strain Ofescherichia Coli

Disinfectants and antiseptics are substances or solvents which play a key role inthe control of infections. Their wide functionality is applied in almost all human activities. Theseagents can have antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects. Disinfectants are synthetic agents thebiocidal effect of which destroys microorganisms in the environment, while antiseptics are appliedlocally, primarily on skin and/or mucosae. The morphological differences between Gram (+) andGram (–) bacteria raise questions regarding the biocidal effects of antibacterial agents againstdifferent types of infectious agents. The aim of our study is to evaluate the biocidal effect ofdisinfectants and antiseptics available on the market. The study uses a reference strain ofEscherichia coli and a laboratory isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. The analysis was conductedusing the agar well diffusion method. Results show that sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxideH2O2 and mouthwashing water demonstrate strong bactericidal effect on both Gram (+) and Gram(–) bacteria. The bath cleaner gel, which is considered effective against Escherichia coli,demonstrated effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus instead. The dishwashing gel,ethacridine lactate, silver water and lavandula water show intermediate or zero effect againstEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Studies on Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Mixed Ligand Transition Metal Complexes of Dibasic Acids as Primary and Heterocyclic Bases as Secondary Ligands

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9044 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 365-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MA Akbor ◽

MS Islam ◽

N Akhter ◽

S Ahmed ◽

S Siraj

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Transition Metal ◽

Metal Complexes ◽

Transition Metal Complexes ◽

Mixed Ligand ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Mixed ligand (diphenic/ adipic as primary Ligand and quinoline / 8 - hydroxyquinoline as secondary) transition metal complexes of Cobalt (II), Cupper (II), Rhodium (III) and Platinum (IV) ions were synthesized and characterized. Their antibacterial activities against ten bacteria had been evaluated by the disc diffusion method,whilst their antifungal activities against two fungi had been also evaluated by the same method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) had been evaluated against six bacteria. The MIC of the complexes against Shigella dysenteriae, Samonella typhi, Streptococcus-β-haemolyticus and Bacillus megaterium were 32 μg/ml; whilst Escherichia coli and Samonella typhi-A the MIC of Co (II) and Pt (IV) were 32μg/ml and those of Cu(II) and Rh(III) complexes were 64 μg/ml. It was found that Cobalt (II), Cupper (II) & Rhodium (III) complexes had pronounced antibacterial and antifungal activities. Platinum (IV) complex had moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. These values indicate that these are active compounds. Key words: Mixed Ligand; Transition metal; Antimicrobial Activity; Antifungal Activity Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9044 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 365-368

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In VitroPhytochemical, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Leaf, Stem, and Root Extracts ofAdiantum capillus veneris

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/269793 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Muhammad Saqib Ishaq ◽

Muhammad Medrar Hussain ◽

Muhammad Siddique Afridi ◽

Ghadir Ali ◽

Mahrukh Khattak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Adiantum Capillus Veneris ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Adiantum capillus venerisis a medicinally essential plant used for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. The study of phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and medically important fungi is of immense significance. Extracts from the leaves, stems, and roots ofAdiantum capillus veneriswere extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane and screened for their antimicrobial activity against ten MDR bacterial strains and five fungal strains isolated from clinical and water samples. Ash, moisture, and extractive values were determined according to standard protocols. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy) studies were performed on different phytochemicals isolated from the extracts ofAdiantum capillus Veneris. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and reducing sugars. Water, methanol, and ethanol extracts of leaves, stems, and roots showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against most of the MDR bacterial and fungal strains. This study concluded that extracts ofAdiantum capillus venerishave valuable phytochemicals and significant activities against most of the MDR bacterial strains and medically important fungal strains.

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Infrared, 1H-NMR Spectral Studies of some Methyl 6-O-Myristoyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside Derivatives: Assessment of Antimicrobial Effects

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.58.122 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 122-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sarkar M.A. Kawsar ◽

Khaleda Mymona ◽

Refat Asma ◽

Mohammad A. Manchur ◽

Yasuhiro Koide ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Substitution Product ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

H Nmr ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Fungal Phytopathogens ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

This study was carried out to regioselective myristoylation of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (1) using the direct acylation method gave the corresponding methyl 6-O-myristoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (2) in fair yield. A number of 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl derivatives (3-15) of this 6-O-substitution product using a wide variety of acylating agents were also prepared in order to obtain newer derivatives of synthetic and biological importance. The reaction conditions are reasonably simple and yields were very good. The structures of the title compounds (2-15) were established by using analytical, physicochemical techniques and spectroscopic data (IR and 1H-NMR). All the synthesized compounds were employed as test chemicals for in vitro antimicrobial functionality test against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. For comparative studies, antimicrobial activity of standard antibiotics, Ampicillin and Nystatin were also carried out against these microorganisms. The study revealed that the tested samples exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities. It was also observed that the test substances were more effective against fungal phytopathogens than those of the human bacterial strains. Encouragingly, a number of tested chemicals showed nearest antibacterial and antifungal activities with the standard antibiotics employed.

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies of Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes of (2E)-2-(2-Hydroxy-3-Methoxybenzylidene)-4N-Substituted Hydrazinecarbothioamides

International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/741269 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Murali Krishna ◽

B. S. Shankara ◽

N. Shashidhar Reddy

Keyword(s):

Spectroscopic Characterization ◽

Azomethine Nitrogen ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Binuclear Copper ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Biological Studies ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Ct Dna

Four novel binuclear copper(II) complexes [1–4] of (2E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4N-substituted hydrazinecarbothioamides, (OH)(OCH3)C6H4CH=NNHC(S)NHR, where R = H (L1), Me (L2), Et (L3), or Ph (L4), have been synthesized and characterized. The FT-IR spectral data suggested the attachment of copper(II) ion to ligand moiety through the azomethine nitrogen, thioketonic sulphur, and phenolic-O. The spectroscopic characterization indicates the dissociation of dimeric complex into mononuclear [Cu(L)Cl] units in polar solvents like DMSO, where L is monoanionic thiosemicarbazone. The DNA binding properties of the complexes with calf thymus (CT) DNA were studied by spectroscopic titration. The complexes show binding affinity to CT DNA with binding constant (Kb) values in the order of 106 M−1. The ligands and their metal complexes were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities by agar disc diffusion method. Except for complex 4, all complexes showed considerable activity almost equal to the activity of ciprofloxacin. These complexes did not show any effect on Gram-negative bacteria, whereas they showed moderate activity for Gram-positive strains.

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Antimicrobial and phytochemical evaluation of Datura Stramonium (Jimsonweed) on selected microorganisms

International Journal of Science and Research Archive ◽

10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.2.0084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 245-256

Author(s):

Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim ◽

Chiletam Nwadiuto Amadi ◽

Chizaram Winners Ndubueze

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

The purpose of this work was to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Datura stramonium on selected microorganisms, and to evaluate its phytochemical properties. The dry and wet leaves of D. stramonium were collected, extracted using ethanol and water, and assessed for antibacterial and antifungal activities at different concentrations (25mg, 12.5mg, 6.25mg, and 3.12mg) by disc diffusion method. The clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were used. The highest zone of inhibition for bacteria was shown with ethanolic dry extract (11.3±3.4) at 25mg/ml and the lowest with aqueous dry extract (4.0±1.4) at 25mg/ml against Escherichia coli. The highest zone of inhibition for fungi was shown with ethanolic dry extract (10±1.4) at 25mg/ml against Aspergillus fumigatus and the lowest was with ethanolic wet extract (2.0±0.0) at 25mg/ml against Candida albican.The phytochemical analysis result showed the presence of tannin (1.757%), phenol (1.149%), flavonoid (6.325%), alkaloid (8.552%), phytate (2.671%), and hydrogen cyanide (4.175%). The chromatographic analysis showed the presence of over 40 elements with the highest as hydrazine (41%) and methyl hydrogen disulphide (41%). In this study, D. stramonium leaf extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities due to the presence of the phytochemical and bioactive compounds. This upholds the native utility of this plant to treat bacterial and fungal infections. Conclusively, this plant would serve as treatment alternatives for infections and basis for sources of antimicrobial agent.

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