Antibacterial Effect of Disinfectants and Antiseptics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Hristova ◽  
Margarita Tzenova ◽  
Martina Ivanova ◽  
Emilia Grozdanova ◽  
Slavena Davidova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ethacridine Lactate ◽  
Synthetic Agents ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Zero Effect ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Strain Ofescherichia Coli

Disinfectants and antiseptics are substances or solvents which play a key role inthe control of infections. Their wide functionality is applied in almost all human activities. Theseagents can have antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects. Disinfectants are synthetic agents thebiocidal effect of which destroys microorganisms in the environment, while antiseptics are appliedlocally, primarily on skin and/or mucosae. The morphological differences between Gram (+) andGram (–) bacteria raise questions regarding the biocidal effects of antibacterial agents againstdifferent types of infectious agents. The aim of our study is to evaluate the biocidal effect ofdisinfectants and antiseptics available on the market. The study uses a reference strain ofEscherichia coli and a laboratory isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. The analysis was conductedusing the agar well diffusion method. Results show that sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxideH2O2 and mouthwashing water demonstrate strong bactericidal effect on both Gram (+) and Gram(–) bacteria. The bath cleaner gel, which is considered effective against Escherichia coli,demonstrated effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus instead. The dishwashing gel,ethacridine lactate, silver water and lavandula water show intermediate or zero effect againstEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals BIOAKTIVITAS JAMUR Aspergillus flavus YANG BERSIMBION DENGAN ASCIDIAN Eudistoma sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Alfa Mongi ◽  
Deiske A Sumilat ◽  
Fitje Losung ◽  
Remmy E P Mangindaan ◽  
Rosita A Lintang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Ascidian is a marine invertebrate that produce bioactive compounds such as antibacterial and antifungal. The purpose of this study was to obtain symbiotic fungi isolates, ethyl acetate extracts from ascidian symbiotic isolates, and to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethyl acetate extracts of symbiotic isolates using the diffusion method (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and against the Candida albicans fungus. The results obtained 1 ascidian species which was cultured to obtain pure isolates, the pure isolates were tested molecularly and the results showed that the isolate was Aspergillus flavus, then the isolates were grown on rice medium and extracted. The results of the fungal extract showed the presence of antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli by 10 mm, Staphylococcus aureus by 19 mm and against the Candida albicans by 13.5 mm. Keywords : Ascidian, Eudistoma sp., Aspergillus flavus, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Symbiotic.                                                  AbstrakAscidian merupakan avertebrata laut yang dapat menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif yang seperti antibakteri dan antijamur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendapatkan isolat jamur simbion dari ascidian, mendapatkan ekstrak etil asetat dari isolat jamur simbion ascidian, dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur ekstrak etil asetat isolat jamur simbion dengan metode difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan terhadap jamur Candida albicsans. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 1 jenis ascidian yang kemudian dikultur untuk mendapatkan isolat murni, isolat murni diuji secara molekuler dan didapati hasil bahwa isolat tersebut merupakan jamur Aspergillus flavus. Isolat tersebut kemudian ditumbuhkan pada media nasi dan diekstrak. Hasil ekstrak jamur tersebut menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli sebesar 10 mm, Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 19 mm dan terhadap jamur Candida albicsans 13,5 mm. Kata kunci : Ascidian, Eudistoma sp., Aspergillus flavus, Antibakteri, Antijamur, Simbion.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (ROXB.) LEAVES

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
REKHA TRIPATHI
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine various extracts of leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia against some test bacteria and test fungi. Methods: Disk diffusion method was adopted for the assessment of antimicrobial activity. Amikacin and nystatin were used as standard drugs for antibacterial and antifungal activity, respectively. Results: The screening data indicated that all four extracts showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but the growth of this bacteria was inhibited the most by the aqueous extract. In the case of antifungal efficacy, all the extracts inhibited the growth of almost all the test fungi. Petroleum ether and benzene extracts showed maximum efficacy against Aspergillus flavus, whereas methanolic extract and aqueous extract inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia bataticola significantly. Conclusion: Different extracts of leaves of H. integrifolia were significantly active against selected test fungi and they can be a harmless alternative of expensive conventional medicines.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROFILE OF SOME NEWER HETEROCYCLES BEARING THIAZOLE MOIETY

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
RAJUL GUPTA ◽  
Neeraj Kumar FULORIA ◽  
Shivkanya FULORIA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Various substituted acetophenones on treatment. with iodine and thiourea yielded 2-amino-4-( substituted-phenyl)-thiazole, which on further treatment with acetic anhydride generated N-(4-(substituted phenyl)thiazol-2-ylacetamide(1-5). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their respective FTIR, 1H NMR, and mass data. Synthesized compounds (l, 2, 3, 4, 5) when subjected to investigation for their antimicrobial activities i.e. antibacterial and antifungal studies against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus by disk diffusion method, revealed that compound 2 deemed to be most potent with the largest zone of inhibition.

Synthesis of N-mono- and N,N-dialkylated imidazole derivatives based on (adamantyl-1)bromomethylketone and study of their antibacterial activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Anton V. Basantcev ◽  
◽  
Andrey A. Danilin ◽  
Tatyana I. Vasileva ◽  
Petr P. Purygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Imidazole Derivatives ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Counter Synthesis

Different methods for the synthesis of N-mono- and N,N-dialkylated imidazole derivatives represent certain interest not only for organic chemistry, but also for medicine. N-alkylated imidazoles are the basis of drugs with antibacterial and antifungal activities. This allows us to consider them as efficient synthons for the synthesis of modern medicines. The quaternary imidazolium salts are applied as anticorrosive substances in petroleum industry due to their antibacterial activity against sulfur bacteria. The introduction of (adamantoyl-1)methyl group with high lipophilicity to the composition of imidazole derivatives contributes in some cases to increasing their bactericidal effect. In this paper, N-mono- and N,N-dialkylation of imidazole derivatives was carried out by using (adamantyl-1)bromomethylketone. The newly obtained compounds were identified using 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, and its homogeneity by TLC. In addition, the counter synthesis was conducted with previously obtained N-adamantoylmethylimidazoles to define the structure of quaternary salts. The experimental results demonstrated identical of 1,3-bis[(adamantoyl-1)methyl]imidazolium bromides which were received in two various ways. To determine antibacterial activity of received substances we were examined its influence on E.Coli cells. DMSO was used as a comparison control. The experiment was carried out in MPA medium. The disc-diffusion method was selected as a test of the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Herbs Used in Treatment of Diabetes, Malaria and Pneumonia in Kisii and Nyamira Counties Region, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-337
Author(s):  
Moses A. Guto Maobe ◽  
Leonard Gitu ◽  
Erastus Gatebe
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Toddalia Asiatica ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The herbs Carissa spinarum, Physalis minima and Toddalia asiatica have traditionally been used in healing diabetes, malaria and pneumonia by the communities around the Kisii region, Kenya. However in the available literature, there is scanty information on effectiveness of different plant parts of the herbs in healing the ailments. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential antimicrobial and antifungal activity of methanolic extract of whole plant Physalis minima, leaf and root of Carissa spinarum and Toddalia asiatica against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and fungus Candida albicans (ATCC14053). Antibiotic disc methicillin, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ampicillin, nalidixic and nitrofurantoin were used in the study. In each herb, plant part was extracted by soaking in methanol/dichloromethane in ratio 1:1 for a week, filtered, concentrated by rotary vapor and cooled. The same process was repeated three times for all samples. The study was conducted by agar well diffusion method. Methanolic root extract of Toddalia asiatica showed highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), root extract of Carissa spinarum had highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) while root extract of Toddalia asiatica showed highest antifungal activity. It was concluded that root extract of Toddalia asiatica showed highest antibacterial activity 16.7mm  against Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923), root extract of Carissa spinarum had highest antibacterial activity 10 mm  against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)  while  root extract of Toddalia asiatica had highest antifungal activity 18 mm against Candida albicans.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activityof Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oils from Bulgaria

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafize Fidan ◽  
Galina Stefanova ◽  
Iliana Kostova ◽  
Stanko Stankov ◽  
Stanka Damyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Laurel, Laurus nobilis L. is an evergreen plant belonging to the Lauraceae family, native to Southern Europe and the Mediterranean area. This is the first report on the composition and bioactivity of laurel essential oil (EO) from Bulgaria. The oil yield was 0.78%, 0.80%, and 3.25% in the fruits, twigs, and leaves, respectively. The main constituents in the fruit EO were 1,8-cineole (33.3%), α-terpinyl acetate (10.3%), α-pinene (11.0%), β-elemene (7.5%), sabinene (6.3%), β-phellandrene (5.2%), bornyl acetate (4.4%), and camphene (4.3%); those in the twig EO were 1,8-cineole (48.5%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.1%), methyl eugenol (6.6%), β-linalool (3.8%), β-pinene (3.4%), sabinene (3.3%) and terpinene-4-ol (3.3%); and the ones in the leaf EO were 1,8-cineole (41.0%), α-terpinyl acetate (14.4%), sabinene (8.8%), methyl eugenole (6.0%), β-linalool (4.9%), and α-terpineol (3.1%). The antibacterial and antifungal properties of laurel EOs were examined according to the agar well diffusion method. The leaf EO showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against almost all strains of the microorganisms tested, whereas the twig EO was only able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 9027 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 were the bacterial strains that showed the highest resistance to the laurel EO. The results can benefit the EO industry and biopesticide development.

scholarly journals Photoinactivation of staphylococcus aureus in vitro by red light (660 nm) in the presence of methylene blue

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Wild Strains

Introduction. Оpen wounds and ulcers treatment involves the use of bandage material, antibiotics and antiseptic to prevent the development of a pathogenic microflora and to provide the necessary conditions for tissue regeneration. An emergence of multi-resistant strains of microorganisms reduces the effectiveness of such technology and requires the new treatment approaches. One of the promising areas is a photodynamic therapy with the use of external photosensitizers. The aim of the investigation is to determine the effectiveness of the synergistic action of red light (660 nm) and different concentrations of methylene blue on the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Materials and methods. We used the hydrogels based on the copolymers dextran-polyacrylamide with the different concentration of crosslinking agent 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 % (w/w) for investigation a rate of diffusion methylene blue into and out from hydrogel. Microbiological research was performed on wild strains of S. aureus isolated on a Yolk-salt agar. The evaluation of a bactericidal action of methylene blue was carried out on a Müller-Hinton No. 2 agar similarly to the disc-diffusion method for assessing the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. For irradiation by different wavelengths was used «LIKA-Led» (Photonics Plus) LEDs 390 nm, 460 nm and 660 nm. The radiation power for each wavelength was 100 mW, duration — 20 min, 30 min, 40 min. According to the duration, the irradiation doses were 21 J/cm2, 31.5 J/cm2, 42.1 J/cm2. Mathematical and statistical data processing was performed in the OriginLab 8.0 software package. Results. Increasing the amount of crosslinking agent in the hydrogel based on the copolymer dextran-polyacrylamide provides a decrease in the diffusion rate of methylene blue from the hydrogel. 390 nm ultraviolet radiation reduces the number of S. aureus colonies for 80% at 20 min exposure. Further increase in the exposure did not contribute to significant changes in this indicator. Blue light (460 nm) reduces the presence of this strain of microorganisms for 66% at 20 min exposure and reaches the effect of UV at 30 min exposure. Red light (660 nm) has no bactericidal effect. Minimal activity was found for methylene blue at concentrations of 0.001% and 0.0001% which was around 6 mm. The synergistic effect of 0.001% methylene blue and red light increases the activity for 40% up to 10 mm. Conclusions. For the photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus, it is advisable to use a low energy red light with a 660 nm wavelength in combination with a saturated methylene blue (0.001%) hydrogels. Perhaps the synergistic action of red light and dye provides a generation of active radicals that contribute to the growth retardation of microorganisms.

Antibacterial Activity of Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung- Sun Seo ◽  
Seong Woo Jin ◽  
Seongkyu Choi ◽  
Kyeong Won Yun
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

The antibacterial activity of three Cupressaceae plants (Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa) was tested against three bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The ether and ethylacetate fraction of crude methanol extract from the three plants showed potent antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The result showed that Staphylococcus aureus revealed the most sensitivity among the tested bacteria. Thujaoccidentalisether fraction and Thujaorientalis hexane fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli was shown the highest MIC values compared to the other two tested bacteria, which indicates the lowest antibacterial activity against the bacterium. This study promises an interesting future for designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from the three Cupressaceae plants.

The In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus robur L. Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves’ Extracts, from the Algerian High Plateaus Against some Uropathogenic Microbial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
E. Benyagoub ◽  
N. Nabbou ◽  
S. Boukhalkhel ◽  
I. Dehini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Microbial Strains

The medicinal value of the plants is due to their chemical components that bring a definite physiological action on the human body to prevent the diseases. In this work, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of leaves’ extracts of Quercus robur L., collected from the Algerian upper highlands, on ten bacterial strains and one fungal strain known to be pathogenic. First, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis, and second, antimicrobial activity tests performed by agar diffusion method (disc and well) with the determination of MIC by broth macro-dilution method. Given the results, it appears that obtained macerates of Quercus robur L. were rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, and other components. The yield of aqueous and methanolic macerates of leaves was 8.5 ± 1.41 and 22.4 ± 4.36%, respectively. The bacterial resistance was relatively important to several antibiotics, namely, ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid for strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. However, Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, and oxacillin; while Enterococcus faecalis was resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, oxacillin, and ticarcillin. The antibacterial activity of the macerates toward tested microbial strains showed that the aqueous and methanolic macerates of the leaves were proportional to the tested concentration and active not only against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also on the fungal species Candida albicans. The estimated MIC for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus was in the order of 10 mg/mL, which seems more effective than toward Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans which were in the order of 30 mg/mL. These preliminary results confirm that the part of the studied plant had a very good antimicrobial activity that was proportional to the serial concentrations of the tested extracts.

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