scholarly journals Flavonoids in Decorticated Sorghum Grains Exert Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Activities

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Kwame Ofosu ◽  
Fazle Elahi ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Su-Jung Yeon ◽  
Hun Ju Ham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Potent Inhibition ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Eight new genotypes of brown sorghum grain were decorticated and assessed for their antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiobesity activities in vitro. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays of the soluble fractions were evaluated, followed by digestive enzymes and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation inhibition assays. DSOR 33 and DSOR 11 exhibited the highest DPPH (IC50 = 236.0 ± 1.98 µg/mL and 292.05 ± 2.19 µg/mL, respectively) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 302.50 ± 1.84 µg/mL and 317.05 ± 1.06 µg/mL, respectively). DSOR 17, DSOR 11 and DSOR 33 showed significantly higher inhibitory activity of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC50 = 31.86, 35.10 and 49.40 µg/mL; and 15.87, 22.79 and 37.66 µg/mL, respectively) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 59.34 and 27.73 µg/mL, respectively). Similarly, DSOR 33, DSOR 11 and DSOR 17 showed potent inhibition of both AGEs and lipase with IC50 values of 18.25, 19.03 and 38.70 µg/mL; and 5.01, 5.09 and 4.94 µg/mL, respectively, compared to aminoguanidine (52.30 µg/mL) and orlistat (5.82 µg/mL). Flavonoids were the predominant compounds identified, with flavones being the major subclass in these three extracts. Our findings suggest that decorticated sorghum grains contain substantial amounts of flavonoids and could be promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Antidesma bunius Fruit Extract on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Activity and Protein Glycation In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Pattamaporn Aksornchu ◽  
Netima Chamnansilpa ◽  
Sirichai Adisakwattana ◽  
Thavaree Thilavech ◽  
Charoonsri Choosak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ic50 Values

Antidesma bunius (L.) spreng (Mamao) is widely distributed in Northeastern Thailand. Antidesma bunius has been reported to contain anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and antihypertensive actions. However, the antidiabetic and antiglycation activity of Antidesma bunius fruit extract has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of anthocyanin-enriched fraction of Antidesma bunius fruit extract (ABE) against pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase), protein glycation, as well as antioxidant activity. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) chromatogram revealed that ABE contained phytochemical compounds such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, ellagic acid, and myricetin-3-galactoside. ABE inhibited intestinal maltase and sucrase activity with the IC50 values of 0.76 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 1.33 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, ABE (0.25 mg/mL) reduced the formation of fluorescent AGEs and the level of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (Nε-CML) in fructose and glucose-induced protein glycation during four weeks of incubation. During the glycation process, the protein carbonyl and β-amyloid cross structure were decreased by ABE (0.25 mg/mL). In addition, ABE exhibited antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) with the IC50 values 15.84 ± 0.06 µg/mL and 166.1 ± 2.40 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed an EC50 value of 182.22 ± 0.64 µg/mL. The findings suggest that ABE may be a promising agent for inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzyme activity, reducing monosaccharide-induced protein glycation, and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Potential Exerted by Millet Grain Varieties

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Kwame Ofosu ◽  
Fazle Elahi ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Hun Ju Ham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ic50 Values

This study evaluated the potential antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in vitro of four millet grain varieties cultivated in South Korea. The free fractions were tested for their total antioxidant capacity using 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays, followed by α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formation inhibition assays. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in the free fractions ranged from 107.8 to 136.4 mg ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/100 g, 101.3 to 115.8 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g, and 17.65 to 59.54 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g, respectively. Finger Italian millet had the highest total phenolic content (136.4 mg FAE/100 g) and flavonoid content (115.8 mg CE/100 g). Barnyard and finger Italian millet showed the highest DPPH (IC50 = 359.6 µg/mL and 436.25 µg/mL, respectively) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 362.40 µg/mL and 381.65 µg/mL, respectively). Similarly, finger Italian millet also exhibited significantly lower IC50 values for the percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase (18.07 µg/mL) and α-amylase (10.56 µg/mL) as compared with acarbose (IC50 = 59.34 µg/mL and 27.73 µg/mL, respectively) and AGEs formation (33.68 µg/mL) as compared with aminoguanidine (AG) (52.30 µg/mL). All eight phenolic compounds identified in finger Italian millet were flavonoids, with flavanols being the predominant subclass. Taken together, millet flavonoids play important roles in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes, and hence finger Italian millet has the potential to be developed as a functional food.

In Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Total Flavonoid of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic Extracts

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qiu ◽  
Jian Jun Song
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Hydrogen Radicals ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

The Ablmoschus manihot (L.) Medic, an edible hibiscus of the Malvaceae family, is abundant with total flavonoid. The content of total flavonoid from A. manihot flowers (TFA) was extracted by 70% ethanol (ethanol:water, 70:30). The scavenging effects of TFA on superoxide anions and hydrogen radicals were related to the total flavonoid concentrations with the IC50 values of 63.90 ±2.21 μg/mL and 266.88±28.32 μg/mL, respectively. However, the IC50 values of standard ascorbic acid were 436.52 ±14.36 μg/mL and 439.58±21.41 μg/mL, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity increased with increasing of TFA concentrations and the highest inhibition was 94.63 ±3.01% at 50 μg/mL, as compared to ascorbic acid 34.94 ±1.50%. The extract also showed good reducing power. The data from this study suggest A. manihot flower extract has significant potential to use as health supplements and nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals In vitro antioxidant, antiglycation, and MGO scavenging effects of Leonurus sibiricus water extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Xiu Qing Chong ◽  
Kirtani AP Anamalay ◽  
Okechukwu Patrick Nwabueze ◽  
Hor Kuan Chan
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Glycation End Products

Recently, extensive research has been conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of different plant species on the advanced glycation end products (AGEs). L. sibiricus is a traditional herb that has been used for postpartum confinement meals in Sarawak, Malaysia and pharmacologically possess anti-hemorrhagic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-AGEs, and preliminary biochemical screening of bioactive component present in L. sibiricus in water extract. Free radical scavenging activity of L. sibiricus was evaluated via DPPH, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, chelating capacity, and total phenolic content was evaluated comparing with gallic acid. Inhibition of formation AGEs by L. sibiricus was evaluated using BSA-MGO, BSA-glucose and MGO scavenging assays. Flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, phytosterol, and diterpenoids were identified in L. sibiricus extract. It also seems to inhibit early and late formation of AGE and MGO scavenging ability. L. sibiricus was able to inhibit the formation of early and late formation of AGE through the scavenging of the formation of reactive dicarbonyl intermediates and reduce the formation of methylquinoxaline adducts through the scavenge of MGO. The inhibition of AGEs formation by L. sibiricus maybe due its antioxidant property and the presence phytochemical bioactive constituents which has been previously reported to possess antioxidant and anti-AGE activity. Future research is ongoing to identify the adducts formed because of MGO scavenging by L. sibiricus using HPLC.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic and Cytotoxic Activity of Crocus sativus L. Petals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Adil Farooq Wali ◽  
Houda Ahmed Abou Alchamat ◽  
Huda Khaled Hariri ◽  
Bushra Khaled Hariri ◽  
Godfred A. Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

The purpose of this research is to examine in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cytotoxic efficacy of different extracts of Crocus sativus L. petals. Antioxidant activity of extracts was assessed by DPPH and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay. Among all extracts, ethanol (SPE) had the maximum radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 86.63 ± 7.53 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration using the agar well plate procedure. The most effective extract was SPE with a minimum inhibitory concentration varying between 500 µg/mL, 250 µg/mL, 125 µg/mL, 62.5 µg/mL, 31.25 µg/mL, 15.63 µg/mL. Cytotoxic activity was tested against MDA-MB-231 cell lines using the MTT method whereas, antidiabetic activity was evaluated using an alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay. All extracts were found to have significant antidiabetic activity.

High in vitro Antioxidant Capacities of Algerian Cleome arabica Leaves’ Extracts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Seglab ◽  
C. Hamia ◽  
I. Khacheba ◽  
A. Djeridane ◽  
M. Yousfi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Cleome Arabica

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of Cleome arabica leaves’ extract collected on two seasons in the town of Laghouat steppe region of Algeria. Five common tests for measuring antioxidant capacities were used to compare with three standard antioxidants: measurement of free radical scavenging activity with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) and 2,2ʹ- azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazo-line-6-sulfonate) (ABTS·+) radical cation, measurement of total antioxidant capacities with phosphomolybdenum, ferric reducing, and cupric reducing methods. The amount of the phenolic compounds was carried out by the quantification of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents in three organic solvents with varying polarities. The results show that the ethyl acetate is the best extractor solvent of flavonoids, while petroleum ether has the ability to extract more of terpenes. The values of quantification ranged from 0.341 to 0.751 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of dry matter, from 0.172 to 0.682 mg of quercetin equivalent/g of dry matter and from 0.172 to 0.332 mg of catechin equivalent/g of dry matter for the total phenolic, flavonoids, and the condensed tannins, respectively. All the extract shows strong antioxidant activity, whose best are found in the ABTS and DPPH assay with IC50 values of 0.01 and 0.017 mg/ml, respectively, in a different season. These results suggest that the level of antioxidant activity in this plant varies to a great extent. They also suggest that phenolics in this plant provide substantial antioxidant activity. Upon achievement of this survey, an extra benefit of this medicinal plant may be found.

scholarly journals Egyptian Arthrospira phytosterols: production, identification, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 666-680
Author(s):  
Gamal S. El BAROTY ◽  
Hanaa H. Abd El BAKY ◽  
Mahmoud A. SALEH
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities

Cultivation of microalgae as a source of phytosterol and other lipid compounds has gained more attention for commercial applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food function industries. In this research, native Spirulina maxima SM from Egypt was grown in individual cultures containing various concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) elements in order to elucidate the effect of its elements on lipid and phytosterols production and to evaluate its antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The results revealed that the SM was able to grow in different concentrations of testing elements S (from 0.3 to 2.4 mM), P (from 0.3 to 2.4 mM) and N (0.3 to 3.2 mM) with significant differences. A high potential for production of MS biomass, total lipid and phytosterol contents were obtained in individual cultures containing 0.6 mM N, 0.6 mM P and 0.80 mM, respectively. Therefore, these concentrations (combination of S+P+N element) were selected for cultivation of SM at large scale in a column photobioreactor (PBR 300 L) to induce sufficient SM biomass so that, we can obtain an adequate amount of total lipid and phytosterol contents. Phytosterols (PS) of native SM grown in the 300 L PBR were partially purified from unsaponified extracts of SM total lipid followed by its purification by crystallization process. The identification and quantification of PS profile were performed by GC-FID analysis. The results revealed high levels of campsterol, D7-Avena sterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and other compounds. These PS compounds showed marked in vitro superoxide, DPPH and .OH radical scavenging activity, which was comparable with the results obtained with standard antioxidants BHA or α-tocopherol. Moreover, SM phytosterols exhibited anti-proliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, Hep-G2 and HCT-116) with IC50 values less than 11.62 µg/mL as assessed by in vitro MTT colorimetric method. Thus, SM phytosterol may be considered as a potential natural source of promising ingredient in the future for a range of health applications for human, cosmetic industries and in functional food.

scholarly journals Effects of Solvents on the In-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Dennettia tripetala G. Baker and Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C. Berg Root Extracts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwachukwu Ekere ◽  
Tochukwu Okparanozie ◽  
Matthias Agbo
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Dennettia Tripetala ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Milicia Excelsa

Background and Purpose: The root extracts of Dennettia tripetala G. Baker and Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C. Berg was investigated for their in-vitro antioxidant activities.Materials and Methods:  The pulverized roots of Dennettia tripetala and Milicia excelsa were extracted separately by cold maceration using ethyl acetate, methanol, n-butanol and water respectively as the extracting solvents. In-vitro antioxidant, the activity of root extracts was then investigated using DPPH model. The results obtained was analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) involving GraphPad Prism 5 Software.Results: The antioxidant assay of various extracts, using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging model, revealed that the ethanol and n-butanol extracts of D. tripetala had better radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 2.02 and 0.631 µg/mL for ethanol and n-butanol extracts, respectively.  The methanol and ethanol extracts of M. excelsa showed higher radical scavenging capacity with IC50 of 0.194 and 8.84 µg/mL compared to that of the ascorbic acid which had IC50 value of 4.60 µg/mL.Conclusion: The radical scavenging ability of the extracts could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolics.

scholarly journals Bioactive Phytochemical Compounds of Physalis minima L. and its Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746
Author(s):  
V. PRABHU ◽  
K. ARUNKUMAR ◽  
B. MONIKA ◽  
V. LATHA ◽  
G. SIBI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Esterase Inhibition ◽  
Acetylthiocholine Iodide ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Physalis minima Linn. was investigated for its antioxidant and acetylcholine esterase inhibition activities. The methanolic extract of the whole plant was evaluated for radical scavenging and in vitro hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract exhibited IC50 values of 78.6, 46.2, 76.7 and 296 μg/mL under 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), hydroxyl radical scavenging and acetylcholine esterase inhibition assays. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 11 compounds of which most of the compounds were reported with biological activities. The study suggests further investigations of P. minima for isolation, purification and characterization of valuable bioactive compounds related to their radical scavenging activity and for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.

scholarly journals Novel N,N′-Disubstituted Acylselenoureas as Potential Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Agents

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Ruberte ◽  
Sandra Ramos-Inza ◽  
Carlos Aydillo ◽  
Irene Talavera ◽  
Ignacio Encío ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
Ic50 Values

Selenium compounds are pivotal in medicinal chemistry for their antitumoral and antioxidant properties. Forty seven acylselenoureas have been designed and synthesized following a fragment-based approach. Different scaffolds, including carbo- and hetero-cycles, along with mono- and bi-cyclic moieties, have been linked to the selenium containing skeleton. The dose- and time-dependent radical scavenging activity for all of the compounds were assessed using the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Some of them showed a greater radical scavenging capacity at low doses and shorter times than ascorbic acid. Therefore, four compounds were evaluated to test their protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. One derivative protected cells against H2O2-induced damage, increasing cell survival by up to 3.6-fold. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxic activity of all compounds was screened against several cancer cells. Eight compounds were selected to determine their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values towards breast and lung cancer cells, along with their selectivity indexes. The breast cancer cells turned out to be much more sensitive than the lung. Two compounds (5d and 10a) stood out with IC50 values between 4.2 μM and 8.0 μM towards MCF-7 and T47D cells, with selectivity indexes greater than 22.9. In addition, compound 10b exhibited dual antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Although further evidence is needed, the acylselenourea scaffold could be a feasible frame to develop new dual agents.

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