Platinum (IV) Recovery from Waste Solutions by Adsorption onto Dibenzo-30-crown-10 Ether Immobilized on Amberlite XAD7 Resin–Factorial Design Analysis

Platinum is a precious metal with many applications, such as: catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, digital thermometers, dentistry, and jewellery. Due to its broad usage, it is essential to recover it from waste solutions resulted out of different technological processes in which it is used. Over the years, several recovery techniques were developed, adsorption being one of the simplest, effective and economical method used for platinum recovery. In the present paper a new adsorbent material (XAD7-DB30C10) for Pt (IV) recovery was used. Produced adsorbent material was characterized by X-ray dispersion (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, thermodynamic parameters and adsorption mechanism are presented in this paper. Experimental data were fitted using three non-linear adsorption isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips, being better fitted by Sips adsorption isotherm. Obtained kinetic data were correlated well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the chemical sorption was the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. After adsorption, metallic platinum was recovered from the exhausted adsorbent material by thermal treatment. Adsorption process optimisation by design of experiments was also performed, using as input obtained experimental data, and taking into account that initial platinum concentration and contact time have a significant effect on the adsorption capacity. From the optimisation process, it has been found that the maximum adsorption capacity is obtained at the maximum variation domains of the factors. By optimizing the process, a maximum adsorption capacity of 15.03 mg g−1 was achieved at a contact time of 190 min, initial concentration of 141.06 mg L−1 and the temperature of 45 °C.

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PEMANFAATAN ARANG AKTIF SABUT KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI ADSOBEN ZAT WARNA SINTETIS REACTIVE RED-120 DAN DIRECT GREEN -26

Alotrop ◽

10.33369/atp.v1i1.2727 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melfi Puspita ◽

M. Lutfi Firdaus ◽

Nurhamidah Nurhamidah

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Adsorption Isotherms ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Contact Time ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Reactive Red 120

The problem of environmental polution caused by waste of batik industry lately is increasing, so it needed a method to overcome that problem. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of activated charcoal from coconut fiber palm in adsorbing Reactive Red-120 and Direct Green-26 dyes in waste of batik along with determining the parameters of isotherms adsorption using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer analysis method. Variations of pH, contact time, adsorbent weight and temperature were carried out as variable to obtain optimum conditions of the adsorption process. The optimum of conditions for Reactive Red-120 occured at pH 3 and a contact time of 30 minutes, while Direct Green-26 occurred at pH 4 and a contact time of 40 minutes, with each adsorbent weight 150 mg and the temperature 30 °C. Adsorption isotherms determined by Freundlich and Langmuir models with maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) were obtained for the Reactive Red-120 was 400 mg/g, while Direct Green-26 is 169 mg/g.

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Adsorption of Basic and Acidic Dyes onto Agricultural Wastes

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.70.12 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 12-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nnaemeka John Okorocha ◽

J. Josphine Okoji ◽

Charles Osuji

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Contact Time ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Thermodynamic Quantities ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Dyes Adsorption ◽

Adsorbent Dose

The potential of almond leaves powder, (ALP) for the removal of Crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) dyes from aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorbent (ALP) was characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. Batch adsorption studies were conducted and various parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were studied to observe their effects in the dyes adsorption process. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of CV and CR dyes onto the adsorbent (ALP) was found to be: contact time (100mins), pH (10.0), temperature (343K) for an initial CV dye concentration of 50mg/L using adsorbent dose of 1.0g and contact time (100mins), pH (2.0), temperature (333K) for an initial CR dye concentration of 50mg/L using adsorbent dose 1.0g respectively. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data fitted best and well to the Freundlich isotherm model for both CV and CR dyes adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of ALP was found to be 22.96mg/g and 7.77mg/g for the adsorption of CV and CR dyes respectively. The kinetic data conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic quantities such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) were evaluated and the negative values of ΔG0obtained for both dyes indicate the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process while the positive values of ΔH0and ΔS0obtained indicated the endothermic nature and increased randomness during the adsorption process respectively for the adsorption of CV and CR onto ALP. Based on the results obtained such as good adsorption capacity, rapid kinetics, and its low cost, ALP appears to be a promising adsorbent material for the removal of CV and CR dye stuff from aqueous media.

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Full Factorial Design for Gold Recovery from Industrial Solutions

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9050111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Maria Mihăilescu ◽

Adina Negrea ◽

Mihaela Ciopec ◽

Petru Negrea ◽

Narcis Duțeanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Contact Time ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Design Method ◽

Precious Metals ◽

Gold Recovery ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Gold Concentration ◽

Commercial Resin

Gold is one of the precious metals with multiple uses, whose deposits are much smaller than the global production needs. Therefore, extracting maximum gold quantities from industrial diluted solutions is a must. Am-L-GA is a new material, obtained by an Amberlite XAD7-type commercial resin, functionalized through saturation with L-glutamic acid, whose adsorption capacity has been proved to be higher than those of other materials utilized for gold adsorption. In this context, this article presents the results of a factorial design experiment for optimizing the gold recovery from residual solutions resulting from the electronics industry using Am-L-GA. Firstly, the material was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), to emphasize the material’s characteristics, essential for the adsorption quality. Then, the study showed that among the parameters taken into account in the analysis (pH, temperature, initial gold concentration, and contact time), the initial gold concentration in the solution plays a determinant role in the removal process and the contact time has a slightly positive effect, whereas the pH and temperature do not influence the adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of 29.27 mg/L was obtained by optimizing the adsorption process, with the control factors having the following values: contact time ~106 min, initial Au(III) concentration of ~164 mg/L, pH = 4, and temperature of 25 °C. It is highlighted that the factorial design method is an excellent instrument to determine the effects of different factors influencing the adsorption process. The method can be applied for any adsorption process if it is necessary to reduce the number of experiments, to diminish the resources or time consumption, or for expanding the investigation domain above the experimental limits.

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Modified/Unmodified Nanoparticle Adsorbents of Cellulose Origin With High Adsorptive Potential for Removal of Pb(II) From Aqueous Solution

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n27p425 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (27) ◽

pp. 425

Author(s):

Azeh Yakubu ◽

Gabriel Ademola Olatunji ◽

Folahan Amoo Adekola

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Contact Time ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽

Kinetics Of

This investigation was conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of nanoparticles of cellulose origin. Nanoparticles were synthesized by acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose/cellulose acetate using 64% H3PO4 and characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTGA, BET and SEM analysis. Adsorption kinetics of Pb (II) ions in aqueous solution was investigated and the effect of initial concentration, pH, time, adsorbent dosage and solution temperature. The results showed that adsorption increased with increasing concentration with removal efficiencies of 60% and 92.99% for Azeh2 and Azeh10 respectively for initial lead concentration of 3 mg/g. The effects of contact time showed that adsorption maximum was attained within 24h of contact time. The maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency were achieved at pH6. Small dose of adsorbent had better performance. The kinetics of adsorption was best described by the pseudo-second-Order model while the adsorption mechanism was chemisorption and pore diffusion based on intra-particle diffusion model. The isotherm model was Freundlich. Though, all tested isotherm models relatively showed good correlation coefficients ranging from 0.969-1.000. The adsorption process was exothermic for Azeh-TDI, with a negative value of -12.812 X 103 KJ/mol. This indicates that the adsorption process for Pb by Azeh-TDI was spontaneous. Adsorption by Azeh2 was endothermic in nature.

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Efficient and Selective Adsorption of Gold Ions from Wastewater with Polyaniline Modified by Trimethyl Phosphate: Adsorption Mechanism and Application

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11040652 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 652 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wang ◽

Zhao ◽

Wang ◽

Zhang ◽

Zhang

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Selective Adsorption ◽

Interaction Mechanism ◽

Single Layer ◽

Phosphate Adsorption ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Trimethyl Phosphate ◽

Selective Recovery

The selective recovery of gold from wastewater is necessary because it is widely used in various fields. In this study, a new polymeric adsorbent (TP-AFC) was prepared by modifying polyaniline with trimethyl phosphate for the selective recovery of gold from wastewater. Bath experiments were carried out to explore the adsorption capacity and mechanism. The optimum pH of adsorption is 4. The adsorption equilibrium is reached at 840 min. The maximum adsorption capacity is 881 mg/g and the adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. The adsorption process fitted well with pseudo second-order kinetic and the Langmuir-models. The single-layer chemisorption governed the adsorption process. In addition, the application in wastewater indicated that the interfering ions had no effect on the adsorption of gold ions. TP-AFC has good selectivity. The interaction mechanism was mainly ion exchange and complexation. In general, TP-AFC was successfully prepared and has an excellent future in practical application.

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Extraction of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Medium by Husk Biomass: Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic study

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2018-1182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 233 (2) ◽

pp. 201-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Khalida Naseem ◽

Rahila Huma ◽

Aiman Shahbaz ◽

Jawaria Jamal ◽

Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Aqueous Medium ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Adsorption Sites ◽

Order Kinetic Model

Abstract This study describes the adsorption of Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) ions from wastewater on Vigna radiata husk biomass. The ability of adsorbent to capture the metal ions has been found to be in the order of Ni (II)>Co (II) and Cu (II) depending upon the size and nature of metal ions to be adsorbed. It has been observed that percentage removal of Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) ions increases with increase of adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH of the medium but up to a certain extent. Maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) ions has been found to be 11.05, 15.04 and 19.88 mg/g, respectively, under optimum conditions of adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH of the medium. Langmuir model best fits the adsorption process with R2 value approaches to unity for all metal ions as compared to other models because adsorption sites are seemed to be equivalent and only monolayer adsorption may occur as a result of binding of metal ion with a functional moiety of adsorbent. Pseudo second order kinetic model best interprets the adsorption process of Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) ions. Thermodynamic parameters such as negative value of Gibbs energy (∆G°) gives information about feasibility and spontaneity of the process. Adsorption process was found to be endothermic for Cu (II) ions while exothermic for Co (II) and Ni (II) ions as signified by the value of enthalpy change (∆H°). Husk biomass was recycled three times for removal of Ni (II) from aqueous medium to investigate its recoverability and reusability. Moreover V. radiata husk biomass has a potential to extract Cu (II) and Ni (II) from electroplating wastewater to overcome the industrial waste water pollution.

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Insights into cationic methyl violet 6B dye–kaolinite interactions: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.2013.048.4.05 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 85-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

İ. Sargin ◽

N. Ünlü

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Ionic Strength ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Thermodynamic Parameters ◽

Adsorption Kinetics ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Methyl Violet ◽

Order Type ◽

Kinetic And Thermodynamic Parameters ◽

Initial Ph

AbstractIn this study, adsorption and adsorption kinetics of methyl violet dye from aqueous solutions onto kaolinite were investigated. The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, ionic strength, contact time, temperature and initial dye concentration were studied. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined using experimental data. Adsorption capacity decreased with increasing ionic strength. Changes in the initial pH of the dye solution in a range close to the dye's natural pH (i.e. ∼ pH 5.0) values affected adsorption capacity slightly, indicating that adsorption studies could be carried out at the dye's natural pH. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich-type adsorption isotherms and pseudo-second order type adsorption kinetics. However, an intraparticle diffusion process was found to have effects in adsorption processes. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the experimental data and enthalpy of the adsorption, ΔH0, was found to be –6.82 kJ mol–1, indicating physisorption nature of the adsorption. Other thermodynamic parameters, ΔS0 and DG0, were also calculated. Negative values of ΔG0 indicated that the adsorption process for methyl violet on kaolinite is spontaneous.

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Study of Kinetics and Adsorption Isotherm of Methylene Blue Dye using Tannin Gel from Ceriops tagal

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi ◽

10.14710/jksa.23.10.370-376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 370-376

Author(s):

Thamrin Azis ◽

La Ode Ahmad ◽

Keke Awaliyah ◽

Laode Abdul Kadir

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Adsorption Kinetics ◽

Contact Time ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Methylene Blue Dye ◽

Ceriops Tagal ◽

Kinetics Of

Research on the equilibrium and adsorption kinetics of methylene blue dye using tannin gel from the Tingi tree (Ceriops tagal) has been carried out. This study aims to determine the capacity and adsorption kinetics of tannin gel against methylene blue dye. Several parameters, such as the effect of contact time, pH, and methylene blue dye concentration on adsorption, were also studied. Based on the research results, the optimum adsorption process is a contact time of 30 minutes and a pH of 7. The adsorption capacity increased to a concentration of 80 mg/L with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 49.261 mg/g. The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model.

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The adsorption of lemon yellow dye using cationic cellulose fibers from rice straw as a sustainable biosorbent in aqueous media

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.2.3991-4006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 3991-4006

Author(s):

Zhixin Gu ◽

Sijia Zhang ◽

Chuanqing Zhu ◽

Lijuan Wang

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Exothermic Reaction ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Lemon Yellow ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Cationic Modification

A biosorbent was prepared from the cellulose fibers found in rice straw through cationic modification. The effects of the dosage, pH, contact time, and initial concentration of lemon yellow dye were explored. The static adsorption results showed that cationic modification drastically improved the adsorption capacity of straw cellulose fiber. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity value was 137.6 mg/g and the highest removal reached 99%. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was a good fit for the adsorption process, together with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption reaction was spontaneous, and the adsorption process was an exothermic reaction, which was shown by the thermodynamic model. As the adsorption time became longer, the effluent concentration became larger until reaching equilibrium. The time was 420 min. After desorption using a dilute NaOH solution, the maximum adsorption capacity was still 36.1 mg/g and the maximum removal still reached 36.2%. The parameters calculated from the Yoon-Nelson model have a good fit with the experimental data. In short, cationic straw cellulose fiber is an effective and easy to prepare biosorbent. This work offers a new method for dye wastewater purification and solves the effective utilization of rice straw resources.

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Sheet-like Skeleton Carbon Derived from Shaddock Peels with Hierarchically Porous Structures for Ultra-Fast Removal of Methylene Blue

Water ◽

10.3390/w13182554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 2554

Author(s):

Panlong Dong ◽

Hailin Liu ◽

Shengrui Xu ◽

Changpo Chen ◽

Suling Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Surface Area ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Hierarchically Porous ◽

Column Adsorption

To remove the pollutant methylene blue (MB) from water, a sheet-like skeleton carbon derived from shaddock peels (SPACs) was prepared by NaOH activation followed by a calcination procedure under nitrogen protection in this study. Characterization results demonstrated that the as-prepared SPACs displayed a hierarchically porous structure assembled with a thin sheet-like carbon layer, and the surface area of SPAC-8 (activated by 8 g NaOH) was up to 782.2 m2/g. The as-prepared carbon material presented an ultra-fast and efficient adsorption capacity towards MB due to its macro-mesoporous structure, high surface area, and abundant functional groups. SPAC-8 showed ultrafast and efficient removal capacity for MB dye. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 1 min with a removal efficiency of 99.6% at an initial concentration of 100 mg/g under batch adsorption model conditions. The maximum adsorption capacity for MB was up to 432.5 mg/g. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model and a Langmuir isotherm model described the adsorption process well, which suggested that adsorption rate depended on chemisorption and the adsorption process was controlled by a monolayer adsorption, respectively. Furthermore, column adsorption experiments showed that 96.58% of MB was removed after passing through a SPAC-8 packed column with a flow rate of 20 mL/min, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, and adsorbent dosage of 5 mg. The as-prepared adsorbent displays potential value in practical applications for dye removal due to its ultrafast and efficient adsorption capacity.

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