scholarly journals Glucosinolates: Natural Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Accessibility, Isolation, Structures, and Biological Activities

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4537
Author(s):  
V. P. Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Jon Stewart ◽  
Michel Lopez ◽  
Irina Ioannou ◽  
Florent Allais
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Recent Classification

Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites abundantly found in plant order Brassicales. GSLs are constituted by an S-β-d-glucopyrano unit anomerically connected to O-sulfated (Z)-thiohydroximate moiety. The side-chain of the O-sulfate thiohydroximate moiety, which is derived from a different amino acid, contributes to the diversity of natural GSL, with more than 130 structures identified and validated to this day. Both the structural diversity of GSL and their biological implication in plants have been biochemically studied. Although chemical syntheses of GSL have been devised to give access to these secondary metabolites, direct extraction from biomass remains the conventional method to isolate natural GSL. While intact GSLs are biologically inactive, various products, including isothiocyanates, nitriles, epithionitriles, and cyanides obtained through their hydrolysis of GSLs, exhibit many different biological activities, among which several therapeutic benefits have been suggested. This article reviews natural occurrence, accessibility via chemical, synthetic biochemical pathways of GSL, and the current methodology of extraction, purification, and characterization. Structural information, including the most recent classification of GSL, and their stability and storage conditions will also be discussed. The biological perspective will also be explored to demonstrate the importance of these prominent metabolites.

scholarly journals Volatile terpenoids as potential drug leads in Alzheimer’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina A. Wojtunik-Kulesza ◽  
Katarzyna Targowska-Duda ◽  
Katarzyna Klimek ◽  
Grażyna Ginalska ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Docking Simulations ◽  
Ache Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Volatile Terpenoids

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is by far the most prevalent of all known forms of dementia. Despite wide-spread research, the main causes of emergence and development of AD have not been fully recognized. Natural, low-molecular, lipophilic terpenoids constitute an interesting group of secondary plant metabolites, that exert biological activities of possible use in the prevention and treatment of AD. In order to identify secondary metabolites possessing both antioxidant activity and the potential to increase the level of acetylcholine, selected terpenoids have been screened for possible acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity by use of two methods, namely Marston (chromatographic assay) and Ellman (spectrophotometric assay). In order to describe the interaction between terpenes and AChE active gorge, molecular docking simulations were performed. Additionally, all analyzed terpenes were also evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against two normal cell lines using MTT assay. The obtained results show that: carvone (6), pulegone (8) and γ-terpinene (7) possess desirable AChE inhibitory activity. MTT assay revealed low or lack of cytotoxicity of these metabolites. Thus, among the investigated terpenes, carvone (6), pulegone (8) and y-terpinene (7) can be recognized as compounds with most promising activities in the development of multi-target directed ligands.

scholarly journals Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Kohnen-Johannsen ◽  
Oliver Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Microbial Biosynthesis

Tropane alkaloids (TA) are valuable secondary plant metabolites which are mostly found in high concentrations in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae families. The TAs, which are characterized by their unique bicyclic tropane ring system, can be divided into three major groups: hyoscyamine and scopolamine, cocaine and calystegines. Although all TAs have the same basic structure, they differ immensely in their biological, chemical and pharmacological properties. Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, has the largest legitimate market as a pharmacological agent due to its treatment of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, as well as smooth muscle spasms while cocaine is the 2nd most frequently consumed illicit drug globally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TAs, highlighting their structural diversity, use in pharmaceutical therapy from both historical and modern perspectives, natural biosynthesis in planta and emerging production possibilities using tissue culture and microbial biosynthesis of these compounds.

scholarly journals Approach to Optimization of FRAP Methodology for Studies Based on Selected Monoterpenes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5267
Author(s):  
Karolina A. Wojtunik-Kulesza
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Analgesic Activities

Terpenes, wide-spread secondary plant metabolites, constitute important parts of many natural compounds that hold various biological activities, including antioxidant, calming, antiviral, and analgesic activities. Due to their high volatility and low solubility in water, studies of compounds based on terpenes are difficult, and methodologies must be adjusted to their specific characteristics. Considering the significant influence of iron ions on dementia development, the activity of terpenes in reducing Fe3+ represents an important area to be determined. Previously obtained results were unreliable because ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methodology was not adjusted regarding studying terpenes. Taking this fact into account, the aim of this study was to optimize the method for monoterpene assessment. The study included three modifications, namely, (1) slightly adjusting the entire FRAP procedure, (2) replacing methanol with other solvents (heptane, butanone, or ethyl acetate), and (3) adding Tween 20. Additionally, a thin layer chromatography (TLC) -FRAP assay was performed. The obtained results revealed significant improvement in the reduction activity of selected terpenes (linalool, α-phellandrene, and α-terpinene) in studies with Tween 20, whereas replacing methanol with other solvents did not show the expected effects.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Insecticide Activity of Essential Oil of Mesosphaerum suaveolens Against Nauphoeta cinerea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
José Weverton Almeida Bezerra ◽  
Francisco Alves Grangeiro Neto ◽  
Jacques Tavares Pereira Filho ◽  
Adrielle Rodrigues Costa ◽  
Arycelle Alves de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Nauphoeta Cinerea ◽  
Insecticide Activity ◽  
Insecticidal Action

Essential oils are compounds produced by secondary plant metabolites and are found in leaf trichomes, moreover, they are characteristic because they present strong odors and present biological activities. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal action of Mesosphaerum suaveolens essential oil against nymphs of Nauphoeta cinerea as well as to characterize the chemical constituents present in it. The EO was extracted by means of hydrodistillation and its chemical characterization was done by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). For the biological assay against cockroaches, nymphs of 20 days old were selected for which they were submitted to different concentrations (50 - 1000 μg/mL oil per air) and mortality was evaluated over 48 hours of EO exposure. As a positive control, ethanol (C2H6O) was used. Have been identified 44 compounds in EO, with β-Caryophyllene (18.57%), sabinene (15.94%) and spatulenol (11.09%) being the major compounds of EO. This showed no activity against the nymphs at any of the concentrations, whereas the positive control caused mortality at all concentrations tested. Thus, the essential oil of M. suaveolens does not present insecticidal properties in low concentrations against the cockroach.

Synthesis of Chromen-1-phenylpropen-1-one Derivatives and their Antidepressant/Anticonvulsant Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Shan Zhang ◽  
Wei-Hua Liu ◽  
Zhi-Wen He ◽  
Qiu-Wan Tan ◽  
Li-Ping Guan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time

Background: Coumarin and chalcone are important secondary plant metabolites that exhibit a range of biological activities. Accordingly, the synthetic derivatives and analogs of these molecules have attracted attention as potential pharmacological agents Objective: This study aims to study new antidepressants with high biological activity and low side effects, and to provide a basis for the treatment of epilepsy and depression. Method: In this study, a series of chalcone derivatives containing a coumarin moiety (2a–2s) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated using classic antidepressant and anticonvulsant mouse models. Results: Forced swimming test results revealed that all but one of the compounds tested significantly decrease immobility time at a dose of 10 mg/kg and exhibit some antidepressant activity. Furthermore, compounds 2a, 2c, 2h, and 2k exhibit relatively high antidepressant effects in a dose-dependent manner from 10 to 30 mg/kg. Maximal electroshock seizure tests showed that compounds 2a, 2b, 2c, 2h, 2l, 2r, and 2s exhibit anticonvulsant activity at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Conclusion: Accordingly, compounds 2a, 2c, and 2h show promise as antidepressant adjunct therapy agents for treating depression in patients with epilepsy. Chromatographic neurochemical analysis of the mouse brain tissue revealed that the antidepressant effects of the compounds may be mediated by an increase in serotonin level.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antimycotoxigenic, and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils: An Updated Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4711
Author(s):  
Aysegul Mutlu-Ingok ◽  
Dilara Devecioglu ◽  
Dilara Nur Dikmetas ◽  
Funda Karbancioglu-Guler ◽  
Esra Capanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Preservatives

The interest in using natural antimicrobials instead of chemical preservatives in food products has been increasing in recent years. In regard to this, essential oils—natural and liquid secondary plant metabolites—are gaining importance for their use in the protection of foods, since they are accepted as safe and healthy. Although research studies indicate that the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils (EOs) are more common compared to other biological activities, specific concerns have led scientists to investigate the areas that are still in need of research. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review paper in which antifungal and especially antimycotoxigenic effects are compiled. Further, the low stability of essential oils under environmental conditions such as temperature and light has forced scientists to develop and use recent approaches such as encapsulation, coating, use in edible films, etc. This review provides an overview of the current literature on essential oils mainly on antifungal and antimycotoxigenic but also their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Additionally, the recent applications of EOs including encapsulation, edible coatings, and active packaging are outlined.

scholarly journals Nanoencapsulation of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds to Improve Their Biological Activities

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakmin Mun ◽  
Helen E. Townley
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Volatile Organic

AbstractPlant volatile organic compounds (volatiles) are secondary plant metabolites that play crucial roles in the reproduction, defence, and interactions with other vegetation. They have been shown to exhibit a broad range of biological properties and have been investigated for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In addition, they are thought be more environmentally friendly than many other synthetic chemicals 1. Despite these facts, their applications in the medical, food, and agricultural fields are considerably restricted due to their volatilities, instabilities, and aqueous insolubilities. Nanoparticle encapsulation of plant volatile organic compounds is regarded as one of the best strategies that could lead to the enhancement of the bioavailability and biological activity of the volatile compounds by overcoming their physical limitations and promoting their controlled release and cellular absorption. In this review, we will discuss the biosynthesis and analysis of plant volatile organic compounds, their biological activities, and limitations. Furthermore, different types of nanoparticle platforms used to encapsulate the volatiles and the biological efficacies of nanoencapsulated volatile organic compounds will be covered.

scholarly journals The Triple Botanical Origin of Russian Propolis from the Perm Region, Its Phenolic Content and Antimicrobial Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Popova ◽  
Boryana Trusheva ◽  
Rail Khismatullin ◽  
Natalja Gavrilova ◽  
Galina Legotkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Structural Classes ◽  
Perm Region

Russian propolis from the Perm Region was studied by GC-MS, its antibacterial activity was determined, and the bioactive compounds (total phenolics and flavonoids) were quantified by spectrophotometric methods. It was found that Permian propolis belonged to a bee-glue type of triple plant origin: aspen-birch-poplar. Such propolis type has not yet been described. It contains many constituents which could be responsible for diverse biological activities: antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. The combination of the protective excretions of three plant species, resulting in the presence of secondary plant metabolites of many different structural classes gives reason to believe that the pharmacological actions are implemented in different, complementary mechanisms. Together with the detected antibacterial activity, this observation leads to the expectation that such combination could be especially effective in treatment of infections of different origin..

In vitro and in silico studies of two 1,4-naphthoquinones and their topical formulation in bigels

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imen Khelifi ◽  
Audrey Tourrette ◽  
Daycem Khelifi ◽  
Thomas Efferth ◽  
El Akrem Hayouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
In Silico Studies

Background: 1,4-Naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) are secondary plant metabolites with numerous biological activities. 1,4-NQs display low water solubility and poor bioavailability. Bigels are a new technology with great potential, which are designated as drug delivery systems. Biphasic bigels consisting of solid and liquid components represent suitable formulations improving the diffusion and bioavailability of NQs into the skin. Objective: We evaluated the in silico and in vitro activity of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (M1) and 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (M2) on elastase and assessed their cytotoxicity towards COLO38 melanoma cells. The 1,4-NQs were loaded into bigels for topical application. Methods: Molecular docking was performed, and cytotoxicity was evaluated on COLO38 cells using the resazurin assay. M1 and M2 were separately incorporated into bigels consisting of hydrogel organogel with sweet almond oil as a non-polar solvent and span 65 as organogelator. Their rheological behavior and microscopic properties were characterized. The diffusion kinetics and permeation of 1,4-NQs from bigels were studied by a paddle-over-extraction cell and a “Franz cell” in vitro permeation model. Results: Molecular docking data predicted high interactions between elastase and ligands. Hydrogen bonds to LYS233 were observed for M1, M2, and phosphoramidon (positive control). The average binding energies were -8.5 and -9.7 kcal/mol for M1 and M2 and -12.6 kcal/mol for phosphoramidon. M1 and M2 inhibited the elastase activity by 58.9 and 56.6%, respectively. M1 and M2 were cytotoxic towards COLO38 cells (IC50: 2.6 and 9.8 µM) y. The M1 release from bigels was faster and more efficient than that of M2. Conclusion: M1 and M2 are promising for skin disease treatment. Biphasic organogel-hydrogel bigels are efficient and safe formulations to overcome their low bioavailability.

scholarly journals Biography of biophenols: past, present and future

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan K. Obied
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

Background: The term “biophenols” was first coined by Romeo and Uccella in 1996 to denote bioactive phenols in olives replacing the more common and less chemically accurate term “polyphenols”. “Biophenols” has started gaining popularity beyond olive chemistry and currently used by researchers to refer to plant phenols in general. Biophenols constitute the largest group of secondary plant metabolites with ubiquitous presence in plants and wide spectrum of biological activities. During the last three decades, biophenols have seized scientific attention, lured industry and attracted consumers’ interest due to their antioxidative potential in preservation of food and maintaining human health. For the first time, a definition for “biophenols” has been proposed to present a more precise and comprehensive umbrella term to encompass all phenolic compounds of botanical origin. In this article, the author is tracing the landmarks of the history of biophenol research; profiling contemporary research directions; highlighting research controversies and uncertainties; and presenting an outlook of the biophenols future research. Keywords: polyphenols, chemistry, pharmacology, biological activities, antioxidant

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