scholarly journals Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Phytochemicals from Honey against COVID-19: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Future Directions

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh ◽  
Ma’mon M. Hatmal ◽  
Kamran Sattar ◽  
Suhana Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Zulkifli Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Phytochemical Components ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has recently put the world under stress, resulting in a global pandemic. Currently, there are no approved treatments or vaccines, and this severe respiratory illness has cost many lives. Despite the established antimicrobial and immune-boosting potency described for honey, to date there is still a lack of evidence about its potential role amid COVID-19 outbreak. Based on the previously explored antiviral effects and phytochemical components of honey, we review here evidence for its role as a potentially effective natural product against COVID-19. Although some bioactive compounds in honey have shown potential antiviral effects (i.e., methylglyoxal, chrysin, caffeic acid, galangin and hesperidinin) or enhancing antiviral immune responses (i.e., levan and ascorbic acid), the mechanisms of action for these compounds are still ambiguous. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work exclusively summarizing all these bioactive compounds with their probable mechanisms of action as antiviral agents, specifically against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Bioinformatic Analysis of Antiviral Medicinal Compounds Against Sars Cov-2 Proteases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Hassan Shah ◽  
◽  
Kyeong Ho Lim ◽  
Song Ja Kim ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Compounds ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Viral Proteases ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Probable Interaction

The world is under siege from a global pandemic caused by a novel class of coronaviruses called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). These viruses cause severe respiratory illness leading to death. Molecular studies reveal that SARS CoV-2 proteases are involved in the processing of viral polyproteins. This study was conducted to obtain antiviral agents for SARS CoV-2 proteases. An extensive library of antiviral medicinal compounds was scrutinized to determine the probable interaction with both main and 3-chymotrypsin like proteases. Six antiviral compounds (Abietic Acid, Gallic Acid, Piceatannol, Piperine, Sinomenine, and Triptolide) were capable of establishing hydrogen bonds with the active pocket residues of the viral proteases, with appreciable binding energy. These compounds were subjected to root mean square analysis and tested not only for acute toxicity, but also for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties. Results were favourable for use in the treatment of SARS COV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Resveratrol as a Novel Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Nutraceutical Agent: An Overview

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Annunziata ◽  
Maria Maisto ◽  
Connie Schisano ◽  
Roberto Ciampaglia ◽  
Viviana Narciso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Hsv Infections

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common human virus affecting many people worldwide. HSV infections manifest with lesions that occur in different parts of the body, including oral, ocular, nasal, and genital skin and mucosa. In rare cases, HSV infections can be serious and lethal. Several anti-HSV drugs have been developed, but the existence of mutant viruses resistant to these drugs led to the individuation of novel antiviral agents. Plant-derived bioactive compounds, and more specifically polyphenols, have been demonstrated to exert marked anti-HSV activity and, among these, resveratrol (RSV) would be considered a good candidate. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the available literature elucidating the efficacy of RSV against HSV and the main demonstrated mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 expression, and systemic organ invasion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman M Ashraf ◽  
Ahmed A Abokor ◽  
Jonnelle M. Edwards ◽  
Emily W. Waigi ◽  
Rachel S. Royfman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Organ Invasion

A novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has created a global pandemic in 2020, posing an enormous challenge to healthcare systems and affected communities. COVID-19 is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoronaVirus-2 (CoV-2) that manifests as bronchitis, pneumonia, or a severe respiratory illness. SARS-CoV-2 infects human cells via binding a "spike" protein on its surface to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) within the host. ACE2 is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis and negatively regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the humans. The RAAS is paramount for normal function in multiple organ systems including the lungs, heart, kidney, and vasculature. Given that SARS-CoV-2 internalizes via ACE2, the resultant disruption in ACE2 expression can lead to altered tissue function and exacerbate chronic diseases. The widespread distribution and expression of ACE2 across multiple organs is critical to our understanding of the varied clinical outcomes of COVID-19. This perspective review based on the current literature was prompted to show how disruption of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 can affect different organ systems.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Lactoferrin and Heparin in COVID-19: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianka Hoxha ◽  
Arvjola Hodaj
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Animal Pathogens

Aim: The aim of the research is to evidence the potential role of lactoferrin (LF) and heparin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Moreover, we discuss and underline the mechanisms involved in this possible association. Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were used to conduct the literature search. Findings and Conclusion: Studies have widely proven the principal activity of LF, in the inflammatory process, as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory glycoprotein. Evidence shows that LF has important antibacterial and antiviral effects against human and animal pathogens. Heparin and LF could reduce viral entry by preventing the attachment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a result of competitive binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Clinical studies are necessary to specify LF and heparin mechanisms of action and the therapeutical dose in patient affected with COVID-19.

scholarly journals ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION FOR RESPIRATORY ILLNESS AND ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS AS COMPLEMENT TREATMENT FOR COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Murugaiah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

An outbreak of atypical pneumonia by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been reported in Wuhan, China since December, 2019. It is a severe respiratory illness with many other symptoms such as gastroenteritis. Clinical trials has proved that  Zn is a promising supplement that can ease of cough, fever and vomiting, dysentery, respiratory illness, diarrhea duration and recovery, duration of hospitalization and morbidity. This article suggests a potential role, which should be considered in the clinical management, and safeness for Zn supplementation for respiratory illness and acute gastroenteritis as compliment treatment for covid-19.

Cardiac interoception in neurological conditions and its relevance for dimensional approaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Yoris ◽  
Adolfo M. García ◽  
Paula Celeste Salamone ◽  
Lucas Sedeño ◽  
Indira García-Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Source ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches have revealed multiple cognitive/emotional alterations shared by several neuropsychiatric conditions. While this has been shown for externally triggered neurocognitive processes, the disruption of interoception across neurological disorders remains poorly understood. This chapter aims to fill this gap while proposing cardiac interoception as a potential common biomarker across disorders. It focuses on key aspects of interoception, such as the mechanisms underlying different interoceptive dimensions; the relationship among interoception, emotion, and social cognition; and the roles of different interoceptive pathways. It considers behavioral and brain evidence in the context of an experimental and clinical agenda to evaluate the potential role of interoception as a predictor of clinical outcomes, a marker of neurocognitive deficits across diseases, and a general source of insights for breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of multiple disorders. Finally, future directions to improve the dimensional and transdiagnostic assessment of interoception are outlined.

scholarly journals Mining of high throughput screening database reveals AP-1 and autophagy pathways as potential targets for COVID-19 therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Zhu ◽  
Catherine Z. Chen ◽  
Srilatha Sakamuru ◽  
Jinghua Zhao ◽  
Deborah K. Ngan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Approved Drugs

AbstractThe recent global pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 presents an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic candidates. Many efforts have been devoted to screening existing drug libraries with the hope to repurpose approved drugs as potential treatments for COVID-19. However, the antiviral mechanisms of action of the drugs found active in these phenotypic screens remain largely unknown. In an effort to deconvolute the viral targets in pursuit of more effective anti-COVID-19 drug development, we mined our in-house database of approved drug screens against 994 assays and compared their activity profiles with the drug activity profile in a cytopathic effect (CPE) assay of SARS-CoV-2. We found that the autophagy and AP-1 signaling pathway activity profiles are significantly correlated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity profile. In addition, a class of neurology/psychiatry drugs was found to be significantly enriched with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Taken together, these results provide new insights into SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential targets for COVID-19 therapeutics, which can be further validated by in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials.

scholarly journals To Swab or Not to Swab? The Lesson Learned in Italy in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4042
Author(s):  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
Maria Teresa Giraudo ◽  
Carmen Fava ◽  
Andrea Ricotti ◽  
Giuseppe Saglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Testing for the SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for tracking the spread of the virus and controlling the transmission dynamics. In the early phase of the pandemic in Italy, the decentralized healthcare system allowed regions to adopt different testing strategies. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the extensive testing of symptomatic individuals and their contacts on the number of hospitalizations against a more stringent testing strategy limited to suspected cases with severe respiratory illness and an epidemiological link to a COVID-19 case. A Poisson regression modelling approach was adopted. In the first model developed, the cumulative daily number of positive cases and a temporal trend were considered as explanatory variables. In the second, the cumulative daily number of swabs was further added. The explanatory variable, given by the number of swabs over time, explained most of the observed differences in the number of hospitalizations between the two strategies. The percentage of the expected error dropped from 70% of the first, simpler model to 15%. Increasing testing to detect and isolate infected individuals in the early phase of an outbreak improves the capability to reduce the spread of serious infections, lessening the burden of hospitals.

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