scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Application of Polylactic Acid

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5023
Author(s):  
Ge Li ◽  
Menghui Zhao ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Xiangyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomedical Materials ◽  
Biomedical Material ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Over the past few decades, with the development of science and technology, the field of biomedicine has rapidly developed, especially with respect to biomedical materials. Low toxicity and good biocompatibility have always been key targets in the development and application of biomedical materials. As a degradable and environmentally friendly polymer, polylactic acid, also known as polylactide, is favored by researchers and has been used as a commercial material in various studies. Lactic acid, as a synthetic raw material of polylactic acid, can only be obtained by sugar fermentation. Good biocompatibility and biodegradability have led it to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a biomedical material. Polylactic acid has good physical properties, and its modification can optimize its properties to a certain extent. Polylactic acid blocks and blends play significant roles in drug delivery, implants, and tissue engineering to great effect. This article describes the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) and its raw materials, physical properties, degradation, modification, and applications in the field of biomedicine. It aims to contribute to the important knowledge and development of PLA in biomedical applications.

Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes as Raw Material in the Replacement of Fluxes for Applications on Porcelain Tile

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo J.S. Paranhos ◽  
Wilson Acchar ◽  
Vamberto Monteiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Porcelain Tile

This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guili Ge ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Mingjian Chen ◽  
Zhaoyang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
New Type ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Carbon dots (CDs) are a new type of carbon nanomaterial that have unique physical and chemical properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, easy surface functionalization, making them widely used in biological...

Ceramics

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Herz ◽  
Ervan G. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
General Term ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Product ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Insight Into

Archaeological ceramics refers to products made primarily of clay and containing variable amounts of lithic and other materials as well. The term ceramic is derived from the Greek keramos, which has been translated as "earthenware" or "burned stuff." Ceramics include products that have been fired, primarily pottery but also brick, tile, glass, plaster, and cement as well. Since pottery is by far the most important archaeologically, and the methods of sampling and study are largely applicable to the others, this chapter is devoted primarily to pottery. Pottery then is the general term used here for artifacts made entirely or largely of clay and hardened by heat. Today, a distinction is sometimes made between pottery, applied to lower-quality ceramic wares, and the higher-grade product porcelain. No such distinction will be made here, so the term pottery alone will be used. Raw material that goes into the making of a pot includes primarily clay, but also varying amounts of temper, which is added to make the material more manageable and to help preserve the worked shape of the pot during firing. Of primary interest in ceramic studies are 1. the nature and the source of the raw materials—clays, temper, and slip (applied surface pigment)—and a reconstruction of the working methods of ancient potters; 2. the physical properties of the raw materials, from their preparation as a clay-temper body through their transformations during manufacture into a final ceramic product; 3. the nature of the chemical and mineral reactions that take place during firing as a clue to the technology available to the potter; and 4. the uses, provenance, and trade of the wares produced. Much of the information needed to answer these questions is available through standard geochemical and petrographic analysis of ceramic artifacts. Insight into the working methods of ancient potters also has been obtained through ethnographic studies of cultures where, because of isolation or conservative traditions or both, ancient methods have been preserved.

scholarly journals Investigations of quartz raw materials from the locality of Rekovac muncipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Slavica Mihajlovic ◽  
Zivko Sekulic ◽  
Jovica Stojanovic ◽  
Vladan Kasic ◽  
Iroslav Sokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Potential Applications

Quality of raw materials, including quartz sand and quartzite, varies from one deposit to another. Furthermore, the material quality determines in which industrial branches it can be used after certain preparation processes. Potential applications of quartz raw materials are: in the construction and refractory industry, ceramics and glass industry, then in metallurgy, foundry and also in production of water treatment filters. Geological investigations of the central Serbia region, in the Rekovac municipality, resulted in identification of occurrence of quartz sand ("Ursula") and quartzite ("Velika Krusevica"). Preliminary laboratory tests and characterization of the quartz sand size fraction -0.63+0.1 mm confirmed the possibility of applying this size fraction in the construction materials industry, while the quartzite can be used in refractory, glass and metallurgy industries. After determining the geological reserve of quartz sand "Ursula" and quartzite "Velika Krusevica", detailed investigations are required. Quality conditions from the aspect of chemical composition and physical properties of quartz sand and quartzite are mostly clearly defined by a special standard for this purpose. On the other hand, there are also application areas where standards does not exist, but users define their quality conditions. This example is with the application of quartz sand in the production of water glass. Chemical composition as well is not always the determining factor for the application of quartz raw material. For example, for quartz sand used for sandblasting, grain form is essential. From the economic analysis point of view, the prices of quartz raw materials vary depending on their chemical and physical properties. After all, what needs to be pointed out is the fact that these raw materials are very widespread in nature and that their exploitation is quite simple. After the raw material is excavated, it is stored and further sieved, washed, dried and processed according to customer requirements. All of these processes are cheaper than preparing, for example, limestone, and significaly cheaper than preparation of metal ores.

KARAKTERISTIK SERTA PENGEMBANGAN PENGGUNAAN KAYU KARET DAN BAMBU UNTUK BAHAN BAKU PERUMAHAN RAKYAT DAN INDUSTRI

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Effendi Arsad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Rubber Wood ◽  
High Elasticity

Rubber wood and bamboo is an important natural resource to be developed as residential and industrial raw materials which are the raw material of commercial products. The presence of rubber wood and bamboo needs to be supported by the preservation and processing industry in order to be optimally utilized. Rubber wood has physical properties, mechanical and chemical equivalent of natural forest wood. properties of rubber wood used in rural as well fuel wood rafters to corral. While bamboo also has certain advantages compared to wood because it is easily preserved, processed and have a high elasticity While bamboo is used as a wall of the house after the split and created a kind of bamboo called palupuhan/gedek. Made simple, just the process of drying in the hot sun. Durability palupuhan/gedek could reach 10 years, but must be used in place are protected from rain. Without is bamboo used in as rafters to corral, ring,  rafter and raw material of fishery.Keywords : rubber wood, bamboo, potency, characteristic, preservative.

Highly fluorescent carbon dots as novel theranostic agents for biomedical applications

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiafeng Wan ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zhang ◽  
Kun Fu ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Li Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Photoluminescence Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

As an emerging fluorescent nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) exhibit many attractive physicochemical features, including excellent photoluminescence properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity and the ability to maintain the unique properties of...

scholarly journals POTENSI KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAPER ROPES (POTENTIAL OF PAPER AS THE RAW MATERIAL FOR PAPER ROPES)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Mungki Septian Romas ◽  
Ikhwan Pramuaji ◽  
Lies Indriati ◽  
Sonny Kurnia Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Surface ◽  
Water Barrier ◽  
Reduced Water

One of the raw materials furniture common in Indonesia is rattan. Because of the availability of local rattan is very limited so that it is necessary to find alternative raw materials that can be used to substitute the rattan. Paper ropes made from spinning paper, is one of alternative that can be utilized. Paper ropes making from various spinning papers have been studied. Some types of paper were used in this experiment. The spinning papers were characterized and treated to modify its surface properties especially to increase their water resistance. Paper ropes making were done by using the twisting machine and then the physical properties of paper ropes resulted were tested. The results showed that paper surface treatment increased tensile strength, and reduced water absorption and porosity of treated papers. The use of water barrier chemicals and adhesive are effective in increasing water resistance of paper surface. Decreased water absorption and porosity are  20% - 43% and 30% - 98%, respectively. Based on this result, paper ropes is potential to become an alternative raw material for furniture.  ABSTRAKSalah satu bahan baku furnitur umum di Indonesia adalah rotan. Karena ketersediaan rotan lokal sangat terbatas sehingga diperlukan untuk mencari bahan baku alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan rotan. Paper ropes yang terbuat dari spinning paper, merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Pembuatan paper ropes dari berbagai jenis spinning paper telah dipelajari pada penelitian ini. Beberapa jenis kertas digunakan dalam percobaan ini. Spinning paper dikarakterisasi dan diperlakukan khusus untuk memodifikasi sifat permukaannya terutama untuk meningkatkan ketahanan airnya. Pembuatan paper ropes dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin pemilin dan pengujian sifat fisik paper ropes telah dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan khusus permukaan kertas meningkatkan kekuatan tarik, dan mengurangi penyerapan air dan porositas. Penggunaan bahan kimia water barrier dan adhesif cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan ketahanan air permukaan kertas.  Penurunan penyerapan air dan porositas masing-masing sebesar 20% - 43% dan 30% - 98%. Berdasarkan hasil ini, paper ropes memiliki potensi sebagai bahan bahan baku alternatif untuk furnitur.

scholarly journals Investigation of Some Physical Properties of Knitted Fabrics Produced from Macaroni Yarns

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4(130)) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Erhan Kenan Çeven ◽  
Gizem Karakan Günaydin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Before And After

Recently there have been new trends in fancy yarns in order to meet consumer demands for drapery, decorative and outwear fabrics. Macaroni yarns are a promising group of fancy yarn which allows new yarn designs with different raw materials at different yarn counts. In the study, supreme knitted fabrics were produced with macaroni yarns of different raw materials (polyester, acyclic, cotton) at different yarn counts (Nm 2/1, Nm 2.5/1, Nm 3.3/1, Nm 4/1 and Nm 4.5/1). Completely randomised one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for determination of the statistical significance of the fabric type on selected physical properties of knitted macaroni fabrics in terms of fabric weight (g/m2), dimensional change (%) in the wale and course direction, abrasion resistance, and air permeability properties before and after the washing process. According to the results of the statistical analyses performed using the experimental values obtained from the tests, we determined that the fabric weights (g/m2), dimensional changes (%) in the wale and course direction, abrasion resistance and air permeability properties before and after washing were significantly influenced by the macaroni yarn’s structural parameters (such as the yarn count and raw material comprising it).

scholarly journals Influence of Selected Material and Process Parameters on the Durability of Briquettes Made of Shredded Logging Residues

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Tomasz Nurek ◽  
Arkadiusz Gendek ◽  
Magdalena Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Higher Temperature

The nonhomogeneous physical properties of the raw material in the form of shredded logging residues, and its composition may cause a serious problem in its further use. As a result of conducted research, it was found that the elemental composition of logging residues (low nitrogen and ash contents) is suitable for raw materials dedicated to energy use. The possibility of using this raw material for the production of briquettes and the correlation between the physical properties of the final product and the parameters of the raw material and the briquetting process were also determined. The material used for tests was wood chips with moisture contents of 10%, 15%, 20%, compacted in a closed chamber at the temperatures of 22, 73 and 103 °C at unit pressures of approx. 65 MPa. The best results were obtained for the material moisture content of 10%. It was found that the temperature of the wood chips during agglomeration influences the degree of compaction and durability of the obtained briquettes. It is more advantageous to conduct compaction at a higher temperature. The research also determined the effect of the fractional composition of the briquetted mixture divided into size groups 0–1, 1–4, 4–8, and 8–16 mm, its moisture and temperature of the process on the durability of the product. On the basis of the obtained results, the most favorable fractional composition of the briquetted mixture, its moisture and temperature of the compaction process were determined.

scholarly journals The physical characteristics of cheese made of milk, colostrum and both during the ripening

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
F. D. Astuti ◽  
T. Setyawardani ◽  
S. S. Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Cheese Texture ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cheese Production

This study aimed to understand the physical characteristics of cheese made of cow milk, colostrum, and milk+colostrum ripened for 20 days. Two factors in this study were cheese made of three materials: A (100% cow milk), B (50% cow milk + 50% colostrum) and C (100% colostrum), and ripening time, i.e. 0, 10, and 20 days. The process of cheese production started by heating the raw material, followed by decreasing the temperature, incorporating kefir as the starter. The next step was and the rennet and re-incubate the mixture for one hour until the fluid became solid granules, then the granules were filtered and pressed. The cheese was stored at a low temperature (4-8oC) according to each treatment. Each combination was repeated three times. The physical properties of cheese examined in this study were color, texture, pH, and microstructure. The result showed that the raw materials of cheese would produce different cheese colours in terms of lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), and whiteness index (WI) as well as cheese texture (hardness and gumminess). Also, ripening time would affect the hardness, springiness gumminess, chewiness, L*, a*, and WI of cheese. Colostrum added in cheesemaking has increased both yellowness and cavities in the microstructure. 

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