Investigation of Some Physical Properties of Knitted Fabrics Produced from Macaroni Yarns

Recently there have been new trends in fancy yarns in order to meet consumer demands for drapery, decorative and outwear fabrics. Macaroni yarns are a promising group of fancy yarn which allows new yarn designs with different raw materials at different yarn counts. In the study, supreme knitted fabrics were produced with macaroni yarns of different raw materials (polyester, acyclic, cotton) at different yarn counts (Nm 2/1, Nm 2.5/1, Nm 3.3/1, Nm 4/1 and Nm 4.5/1). Completely randomised one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for determination of the statistical significance of the fabric type on selected physical properties of knitted macaroni fabrics in terms of fabric weight (g/m2), dimensional change (%) in the wale and course direction, abrasion resistance, and air permeability properties before and after the washing process. According to the results of the statistical analyses performed using the experimental values obtained from the tests, we determined that the fabric weights (g/m2), dimensional changes (%) in the wale and course direction, abrasion resistance and air permeability properties before and after washing were significantly influenced by the macaroni yarn’s structural parameters (such as the yarn count and raw material comprising it).

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Comparative Analysis of Knits from Peat Fibre and its Combinations with Other Natural Fibres

Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe ◽

10.5604/12303666.1228161 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (0) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Daiva Mikučioniené ◽

Lina Čepukonė

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Adsorption ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Air Permeability ◽

Raw Material ◽

Loop Length ◽

Knitted Fabrics ◽

Natural Origin ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties

Natural and man-made fibres of natural origin are more and more widely used, while consideration of sustainability is constantly increasing. The properties and processing behaviour of newly introduced fibres of natural origin are usually compared and often predicted on the basis of widely investigated fibres; however, this prediction sometimes does not have any confirmed basis. Structural parameters and the majority of mechanical and physical properties of knitted fabrics depend on technical characteristics of the knitting machine, on the properties of yarns as well as on the origin of the raw material. This study attempts to develop knits from new natural peat fibres and their combination with widely used woollen, cotton and elastomeric Lycra yarns and to investigate the influence of peat fibre’s nature on structural parameters such as loop length, wale and course spacing, area density, the tightness factor and on main physical properties such as dimensional stability, air permeability and water adsorption.

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Development and evaluation of 3D knitted fabrics to protect against mechanical risk

Journal of Industrial Textiles ◽

10.1177/1528083718783316 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 383-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Julija Krauledaitė ◽

Kristina Ancutienė ◽

Virginijus Urbelis ◽

Sigitas Krauledas ◽

Virginija Sacevičienė

Keyword(s):

Abrasion Resistance ◽

Unit Area ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Steel Wire ◽

Air Permeability ◽

Polyamide Yarn ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Knitted Fabrics ◽

Stitch Density ◽

Three Samples

In this research, eight different 3D weft-knitted fabrics were developed and evaluated. 3D fabrics have been knitted on circular weft-knitting machines with two different gauges: 20E gauge and 28E gauge. Three different raw materials were used for the fabric’s production: high molecular mass polyethylene (HPPE) yarn and 0.05 mm diameter steel wire in the outer layers (for the front and reverse) and polyamide yarn in the binding layer. The experiments were conducted on the developed 3D knitted fabrics to determine the fabric’s resistance to mechanical risks such as circular blade cut, puncture, abrasion, and also to evaluate the comfort parameter, such as air permeability. It was defined that 3D weft-knitted fabrics best results on tests: circular blade cut, puncture and abrasion resistant were achieved using HPPE yarn twisted with steel wire, higher mass per unit area with more significant amount of steel wire. According to the standard EN 388:2003, three samples of developed 3D weft-knitted fabrics had the highest 5th blade cut and the highest (4th) abrasion resistance level. All of them had the highest (4th) level of puncture resistance. 3D fabrics knitted on a circular weft-knitting machine of gauge 28E ensured 1.3–2.1 times greater blade cut and 4.9–12.1 times greater abrasion resistance result, than fabrics knitted on gauge 20E, due to a higher stitch density, higher mass per unit area, density and fabric’s thickness. But on the other hand, these parameters lowered air permeability by 20.2–43.0%.

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Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes as Raw Material in the Replacement of Fluxes for Applications on Porcelain Tile

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.881.383 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 881 ◽

pp. 383-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raimundo J.S. Paranhos ◽

Wilson Acchar ◽

Vamberto Monteiro Silva

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

The Cost ◽

Potential Use ◽

Porcelain Tile

This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

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Influence of sublimation process on air permeability and water absorption dynamics

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology ◽

10.1108/ijcst-04-2020-0050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Brigita Kalendraite ◽

Jolita Krisciunaite ◽

Daiva Mikucioniene

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Air Permeability ◽

Knitted Fabrics ◽

Content Type ◽

Sublimation Process ◽

Textile Fabrics ◽

High Temperature And Pressure ◽

Before And After ◽

Temperature And Pressure

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to find the influence of sublimation process on air permeability and water absorption dynamics of knitted and woven polyester-based fabrics.Design/methodology/approachThree different sublimation designs were prepared and applied (keeping the same sublimation parameters) for eight variants of knitted and four variants of woven polyester-based fabrics. Air permeability and water absorption dynamics during 180s period was measured and compared before and after the sublimation process.FindingsAccording to the obtained results, high temperature and pressure applied in sublimation process have influence on the porosity and air permeability of knitted fabrics; however, the influence on water absorption dynamics is minimal. Sublimation design dos not have any influence on the mentioned properties.Originality/valueThe obtained results of the sublimation process influence on air permeability and water absorption dynamics of knitted and woven polyester-based fabrics will help to understand how sublimation process can affect comfort properties of textile fabrics.

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Ceramics

Geological Methods for Archaeology ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195090246.003.0019 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Norman Herz ◽

Ervan G. Garrison

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

General Term ◽

Raw Material ◽

Petrographic Analysis ◽

Ceramic Product ◽

Primary Interest ◽

Archaeological Ceramics ◽

Ethnographic Studies ◽

Insight Into

Archaeological ceramics refers to products made primarily of clay and containing variable amounts of lithic and other materials as well. The term ceramic is derived from the Greek keramos, which has been translated as "earthenware" or "burned stuff." Ceramics include products that have been fired, primarily pottery but also brick, tile, glass, plaster, and cement as well. Since pottery is by far the most important archaeologically, and the methods of sampling and study are largely applicable to the others, this chapter is devoted primarily to pottery. Pottery then is the general term used here for artifacts made entirely or largely of clay and hardened by heat. Today, a distinction is sometimes made between pottery, applied to lower-quality ceramic wares, and the higher-grade product porcelain. No such distinction will be made here, so the term pottery alone will be used. Raw material that goes into the making of a pot includes primarily clay, but also varying amounts of temper, which is added to make the material more manageable and to help preserve the worked shape of the pot during firing. Of primary interest in ceramic studies are 1. the nature and the source of the raw materials—clays, temper, and slip (applied surface pigment)—and a reconstruction of the working methods of ancient potters; 2. the physical properties of the raw materials, from their preparation as a clay-temper body through their transformations during manufacture into a final ceramic product; 3. the nature of the chemical and mineral reactions that take place during firing as a clue to the technology available to the potter; and 4. the uses, provenance, and trade of the wares produced. Much of the information needed to answer these questions is available through standard geochemical and petrographic analysis of ceramic artifacts. Insight into the working methods of ancient potters also has been obtained through ethnographic studies of cultures where, because of isolation or conservative traditions or both, ancient methods have been preserved.

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Synthesis and Biological Application of Polylactic Acid

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25215023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 5023

Author(s):

Ge Li ◽

Menghui Zhao ◽

Fei Xu ◽

Bo Yang ◽

Xiangyu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biomedical Materials ◽

Biomedical Material ◽

Sugar Fermentation ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Good Biocompatibility

Over the past few decades, with the development of science and technology, the field of biomedicine has rapidly developed, especially with respect to biomedical materials. Low toxicity and good biocompatibility have always been key targets in the development and application of biomedical materials. As a degradable and environmentally friendly polymer, polylactic acid, also known as polylactide, is favored by researchers and has been used as a commercial material in various studies. Lactic acid, as a synthetic raw material of polylactic acid, can only be obtained by sugar fermentation. Good biocompatibility and biodegradability have led it to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a biomedical material. Polylactic acid has good physical properties, and its modification can optimize its properties to a certain extent. Polylactic acid blocks and blends play significant roles in drug delivery, implants, and tissue engineering to great effect. This article describes the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) and its raw materials, physical properties, degradation, modification, and applications in the field of biomedicine. It aims to contribute to the important knowledge and development of PLA in biomedical applications.

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The Influences of Loop Length and Raw Material on Bursting Strength Air Permeability and Physical Characteristics of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/155892501701200105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 155892501701200

Author(s):

Züleyha Değirmenci ◽

Ebru Çoruh

Keyword(s):

Shape Factor ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Air Permeability ◽

Raw Material ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Loop Length ◽

Knitted Fabrics ◽

Bursting Strength ◽

Loop Shape ◽

Single Jersey

This paper reports the effect of loop length and raw material on the air permeability and the bursting strength of plain knitted fabrics. In this study, a series of plain knitted fabrics were produced on a circular knitting machine with cotton, polyester, acrylic and viscose by Ne 30/1 yarns. Each fabric type was produced with four different stitch lengths. All the fabrics were knitted at the same machine setting in order to determine the effect of their structure on the fabric properties. Their geometrical and physical properties were experimentally investigated. The influences of the loop length and the raw material on the number of the courses per cm, number of the wales per cm, loop shape factor, thickness, fabric unit weight, tightness factor, air permeability and bursting strength are analyzed. Statistical analysis indicates that raw material and loop length significantly parameters affect the air permeability and the bursting strength properties of the fabrics.

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MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES AS A FACTOR FOR MODIFICATION OF THEIR PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019v11i3.32413 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 118-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A.V. SYROESHKIN ◽

E.V. USPENSKAYA ◽

T.V. PLETENEVA ◽

M.A. MOROZOVA ◽

T.V. MAKSIMOVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Native Form ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

Before And After

Objective: Study the influence of the mechanical preparation methods (grinding, fluidization) of solid pharmaceutical substances (PS) and herbal raw material on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Methods: Test substances and solvents-Lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma, Germany). Sodium chloride, bendazol hydrochloride (all Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and herbal raw material (Callisia fragrans). The dispersity and native structure of pharmaceutical substances were analyzed by several methods: optical microscopy–Altami BIO 2 microscope (Russia); low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) method (Malvern Instruments, UK); Spirotox method–Quasichemical kinetic of cell transition of cellular biosensor Spirostomum ambiguum; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy–the analysis in the middle IR region was carried out using an IR Cary 630 Fourier spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA). The analysis of dried leaves of C. fragrans before and after mechanical activation was performed using Shimadzu EDX-7000 X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer without mineralization (Shimadzu, Japan). Results: It was established that the mechanical change, such as dispersion and drying, alters the biological activity of PS and herbal raw materials. The observed increase in the influence of the dispersed substance on the biosensor S. ambiguum is quantitatively estimated from the values of the activation energy (obsEa), which turns to be valued 1,5 (P≤0,05) times more than for the native form substance. In the study of the dependence of the availability of chemical elements K, Ca, Zn on the degree of dispersion of herbal raw materials was established a quantitative 4-fold (P≤0,05) increase in the concentration of elements in mechano-activated raw materials. Conclusion: By the example of the biological model of Spirotox (single-celled biosensor S. ambiguum) and herbal raw materials obtained from C. fragrans, the increase of biological activity of PS at the dispersion of initial preparations was proved.

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Investigations of quartz raw materials from the locality of Rekovac muncipality

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind190328023m ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 265-274

Author(s):

Slavica Mihajlovic ◽

Zivko Sekulic ◽

Jovica Stojanovic ◽

Vladan Kasic ◽

Iroslav Sokic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Quartz Sand ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Size Fraction ◽

Point Of View ◽

Raw Material ◽

Potential Applications

Quality of raw materials, including quartz sand and quartzite, varies from one deposit to another. Furthermore, the material quality determines in which industrial branches it can be used after certain preparation processes. Potential applications of quartz raw materials are: in the construction and refractory industry, ceramics and glass industry, then in metallurgy, foundry and also in production of water treatment filters. Geological investigations of the central Serbia region, in the Rekovac municipality, resulted in identification of occurrence of quartz sand ("Ursula") and quartzite ("Velika Krusevica"). Preliminary laboratory tests and characterization of the quartz sand size fraction -0.63+0.1 mm confirmed the possibility of applying this size fraction in the construction materials industry, while the quartzite can be used in refractory, glass and metallurgy industries. After determining the geological reserve of quartz sand "Ursula" and quartzite "Velika Krusevica", detailed investigations are required. Quality conditions from the aspect of chemical composition and physical properties of quartz sand and quartzite are mostly clearly defined by a special standard for this purpose. On the other hand, there are also application areas where standards does not exist, but users define their quality conditions. This example is with the application of quartz sand in the production of water glass. Chemical composition as well is not always the determining factor for the application of quartz raw material. For example, for quartz sand used for sandblasting, grain form is essential. From the economic analysis point of view, the prices of quartz raw materials vary depending on their chemical and physical properties. After all, what needs to be pointed out is the fact that these raw materials are very widespread in nature and that their exploitation is quite simple. After the raw material is excavated, it is stored and further sieved, washed, dried and processed according to customer requirements. All of these processes are cheaper than preparing, for example, limestone, and significaly cheaper than preparation of metal ores.

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PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP PERSENTASE PENYISIHAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI TOTAL (TSS) CAMPURAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA DENGAN AIR

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v3i1.1494 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Wan Rizki Ansari ◽

Umayi Belladiana ◽

Setiaty Pandia

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Total Suspended Solid ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Anaerobic Digester ◽

Raw Material ◽

System Research ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Washing Process ◽

Optimal Value

The waste water of tapioca is the waste produced from the washing process raw materials, screening cassava porridge (extraction) and starch sediment containing organic compounds which are still important, especially starch and other compounds that can be used as raw material for the manufacture of bio gas. This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time on the elimination percentage of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) using batch anaerobic digester system. Research was carried out by mixing the liquid waste of tapioca industry with water in the ratio 100:0; 85:15; 65:35; 50:50;35:65, and 15:85 (v/v) with starterin an anaerobic digester system batch in which neutral pH of the mixture was set. Parameter observed was the content of Total Suspended Solid. Percentage of elimination of Total Suspended Solid was reached at the rasio of liquid waste to water 100:0 (v/v) with the optimal value of 89.851% on the 21th day.

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