scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Effects of Light Controlled Germination Conditions on Saponarin Content in Barley Sprouts and Lipid Accumulation Suppression in HepG2 Hepatocyte and 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Cells Using Barley Sprout Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5349
Author(s):  
Jae Sil Kim ◽  
Eunseon Jeong ◽  
So Min Jo ◽  
Joonho Park ◽  
Ji Yeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Nutrient Supplements ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Active Substances

Barley sprouts (BS) contain physiologically active substances and promote various positive physiological functions in the human body. The levels of the physiologically active substances in plants depend on their growth conditions. In this study, BS were germinated using differently colored LED lights and different nutrient supplements. Overall, there were 238 varied BS samples analyzed for their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationship between the germinated samples and their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and those with high levels were further analyzed for their saponarin content. Based on the PCA plot, the optimal conditions for metabolite production were blue light with 0.1% boric acid supplementation. In vitro experiments using the ethanol extract from the BS cultured in blue light showed that the extract significantly inhibited the total lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the lipid droplets in HepG2 hepatocytes. These findings suggest that specific and controlled light source and nutrient conditions for BS growth could increase the production of secondary metabolites associated with inhibited fat accumulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Active Substances from Callicarpa nudiflora Exert Anti-Cervicitis Effects and Regulate NLRP3-Associated Inflammation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6217
Author(s):  
Tianchi Liu ◽  
Ruiqi Wang ◽  
Chenpeng Liu ◽  
Jiahong Lu ◽  
Yitao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Active Components ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Active Substances

Luohuazizhu suppository is a Traditional Chinese Medicine used in clinic to treat cervicitis, which is prepared from Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. et Arn (C. nudiflora), an herbal Chinese medicine named Luohuazizhu. This study aimed to figure out the active constituents of C. nudiflora and the potential mechanism for its anti-cervicitis effect. The ethanol extract in C. nudiflora (CNE) and the different fractions of CNE extracted by petroleum ether (CNE-p), dichloromethane (CNE-d), and n-butanol (CNE-b) were tested in vivo for their anti-cervicitis effects. Then the isolated compounds from the CNE-p were tested in vitro for their anti-inflammatory activities. The results displayed that CNE-p, CNE-d, and CNE-b exhibited adequate anti-cervicitis effects, with CNE-p showing the highest efficacy. Further experiment demonstrated that CNE-p could significantly inhibit the expression of NLRP3 in vitro. Six diterpenoids obtained from the CNE-p showed the ability to regulate inflammatory factor levels in vitro. Among these compounds, compounds 1 (callicarpic acid A) and 2 (syn-3,4-seco-12S-hydroxy-15,16-epoxy-4(18),8(17),3(16),14(15)-labdatetraen-3-oic acid) were the most effective agents, and they also inhibited the expression level of NLRP3 in vitro. The results confirmed that C. nudiflora has significant anti-cervicitis effects and the diterpenoids were most likely to be its active components. These data provide scientific support for the clinic usage of Luohuazizhu suppository and the development of new agents in treating cervicitis.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. and Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne. Extracts on Adipogenesis and Lipase Activity In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Tiamyom ◽  
Kittipot Sirichaiwetchakoon ◽  
Tanaporn Hengpratom ◽  
Sajeera Kupittayanant ◽  
Rungrudee Srisawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Ftir Microspectroscopy

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Cordyceps sinensis extract (CSE) and Gymnema inodorum extract (GIE), used alone and combined, on antiadipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Oil Red O staining was used to examine the effects of these extracts on inhibition of intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and on lipid droplet morphology. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to examine biomolecular changes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The pancreatic lipase assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of CSE and GIE on pancreatic lipase activity. Taken together, the results indicated that CSE, GIE, and their combination suppressed lipid accumulation. The FTIR microspectroscopy results indicated that CSE, GIE, and their combination had inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation in the adipocytes. Compared with the untreated adipocytes, the signal intensity and integrated areas of glycogen and other carbohydrates, the acyl chain of phospholipids, and the lipid/protein ratios of the CSE, GIE, alone, and combined treated adipocytes were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Combination treatment resulted in a synergistic effect on lipid accumulation reduction in the adipocytes. Principal component analysis of the biomolecular changes revealed six distinct clusters in the FTIR spectra of the sample cells. The pancreatic lipase assay results indicated that CSE and GIE inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity in a dose-dependent manner (mean ± standard error of the mean IC50 values, 2312.44 ± 176.55 μg mL−1 and 982.24 ± 44.40 μg mL−1, resp.). Our findings indicated that FTIR microspectroscopy has potential application for evaluation of the effectiveness of medicinal plants and for the development of infrared biochemical obesity markers useful for treating patients with obesity. These results suggested that use of CSE and GIE alone and in combination may be efficacious as a complementary therapy for hyperlipidemia and obesity management. However, clinical trials in animals and humans must first be completed.

White rice ethanol extract is qualitatively, but not quantitatively, equivalent to that of brown rice as an antioxidant source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Wu ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
Yingnan Guo ◽  
Miho Hirooka ◽  
Gongliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rice ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare the potentials to exhibit biologically-active antioxidant actions between white rice (WR) and brown rice (BR) in in vitro assays and a cellular model. The Trolox equivalent (TE) per 1 mg ethanol extract of WR for the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay was slightly higher than that of BR, whereas the TE per 1 g whole WR was much lower than that for BR. This tendency was very comparable to those for the oxygen radical absorbance capacity and total polyphenol content. Both of the ethanol extracts also similarly suppressed the hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and enhanced the gene expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Based on the αT quantity, its contribution to the cytoprotective effect of the rice extracts is very limited. Taken together, the ethanol extract of WR might be a qualitatively, but not quantitatively, equivalent source of antioxidative phytochemicals to that of BR.

scholarly journals Синтез и гидратационные свойства суперабсорбента «Твердая вода»

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Анна Витальевна Зенищева ◽  
Виктор Николаевич Семенов ◽  
Вячеслав Алексеевич Кузнецов ◽  
Петр Олегович Кущев
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Residual Monomer ◽  
Superabsorbent Hydrogel ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Active Substances

Глобальное потепление повлекло за собой ряд вопросов для сельского хозяйства. Наиболее остро встала проблема влагоудержания в почве. Существующие методы орошения дорогостоящи и малоэффективны. Для решения данной проблемы проведен синтез редкосшитого гидрофильного полимерного материала со свойствами суперабсорбента с использованием пектина.Рассмотрена схема строения и влагопоглощения полимерного материала «Твердая вода». Методом ИК-спектроскопии определены гидратационные свойства исходного суперабсорбента после его контакта с пектинами. В ходе исследований выявлено, что возможность адсорбировать воду обеспечивается наличием в структуре коротких по размеру остатков акриламида, фрагментов с остатками карбоксильных групп и полисахаридных звеньев.Суперабсорбент с пектином в качестве биодеградирующего компонента способен даже при длительном высушивании удерживать часть гидратационной воды. Показано влияние рН среды на водопоглощающие способности и набухание суперабсорбентов «Твердая вода». Проведение исследования в дистиллированной воде, а также щелочной и кислых средах дает возможность применять полученный суперабсорбент в разных типах почв. Этот полимер характеризуетсянаивысшими показателями по величине степени набухания в щелочной среде, что обусловлено электростатическим отталкиванием диссоциированных карбоксильных групп, образующихся в результате гидролиза акриламида. Это делает его пригодным для использования в выщелоченных почвах, например, в выщелоченном черноземе Воронежской области. Результаты ИК-спектроскопии показали наличие функциональных групп суперабсорбента, участвующих в образовании супрамолекулярных структур с вхождением в них связанных молекул воды без образованиядополнительных ковалентных координационных связей. Все это позволяет характеризовать реакции как процессы с элементами самоорганизации системы.         ЛИТЕРАТУРА Sharma J., Sukriti, Kaith B. S., Bhatti M. S. Fabrication of biodegradable superabsorbent using RSM design for controlled release of KNO3. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 2018;26(2): 518-531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-0959-8 Rojas-Oviedo I., Rodríguez-Hernández S., Cárdenas J., Rivas-Ojeda J. C., Gaviño R. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro application of pH/temperature sensitive superabsorbent hydrogel of phosphated co-polymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate ester. Journal of Porous Materials. 2016;23(6): 1495-1505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-016-0210-3 Кузнецов В. А., Селеменев В. Ф., Семенов В. Н., Бакалова М. В. Способ получения гидрофильного сшитого полимера со свойствами суперабсорбента. Патент № 2574722 РФ. Опубл. 10.02.2016. Бюл. № Геннис Р. Биомембраны: Молекулярная структура и функции. Пер. с англ. М.: Мир; 1997. 624 с. Лукин А. Л., Котов В. В., Мязин Н. Г. Свекловичные пектин: от поля до конечного продукта. Монография под ред. В. В. Котова. Воронеж: Изд-во «Истоки»; 2005. 176 с. Штыков С. Н. Люминесцентный анализ в организованных средах. В кн.: Люминесцентный анализ. Т. 19. М.: Наука; 2015. с. 121 – 154. Селеменев В. Ф., Рудаков О. Б., Славинская Г. В., Дроздова Н. В. Пигменты пищевых производств (Меланоидины). М.: Дели Принт; 2008. 246 с. Силин П.М. Технология сахара. М.: Пищевая промышленность; 1967. 625 с. Гордон А., Форд Р. Спутник химика. Физико-химические свойства, методики, библиография. М.: Мир; 541 с. Пиментел Д., Мак-Клеллан. Водородная связь. М.: Мир; 462 с. Казицына Л. А., Куплетская Н. Б., Применение УФ, ИК- и ЯМР-спектроскопии в органической химии. М.: Высшая школа; 1971. 264 с. Углянская В. А., Чикин Г. А., Селеменев В. Ф., Завьялова Т. А. Инфракрасная спектроскопия ионообменных материалов. Воронеж: ВГУ; 1989. 207 с. Штокхаузен Д., Хартан Х.-Г., Брем Г., Ионас Г., Месснер Б., Пфлюгер К. Абсорбирующие жидкость полимеры и способ их получения. Патент № 2193045 РФ. Опубл. 1996; МКП C08F 220/06, A61L 15/60. Кузнецов В. А., Быковский Д. В., Сорокин А. В., Лавлинская М. С. Влияние строения бокового азольного заместителя на экстракционные способности сополимеров на основе N-виниламидов. Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы. 2017;17(5): 804-811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2017.17/442 Беллами Л. Инфракрасные спектры сложных молекул. Пер. с англ. под ред. Ю. А. Пентина. М.: ИЛ; 592 с. Наканиси К. Инфракрасные спектры и строение органических соединений. М.: Мир; 269 с. Жданкович Е. Л., Анненкова В. З., Анненкова В. М., Ерофеева Л. Г., Владимиров В. А., Владимиров Д. В. Тройной сополимер акриловой кислоты, аммонийной соли акриловой кислоты и стирола в качестве суперабсорбента. Патент № 2128191 РФ. Опубл. 1996; МКП C08F 220/06. Herth G., Dannehl M., Steiner N. Water-soluble or water-swellable polymers, particularly water-soluble or water-swellable copolymers made of acryl-amide and at least one ionic comonomer having a low residual monomer concentration. Patent No 7973095 US. 2006; МКП C08F 2/48; C08F 2/04; C08F 2/16; C08F 220/56 Кузнецов В. А., Лавлинская М. С., Останкова И. В., Селеменев В. Ф., Семенов В. Н., Лукин А. Л. Влагопоглощающая способность редкосшитого полимерного материала со свойствами суперабсорбента. Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы. 2017;17(3); 484-489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2017.17/404 Славинская Г. В., Селеменев В. Ф. Фульвокислоты природных вод. Воронеж: ВГУ; 2001. 165 с. Селеменев В. Ф., Рудаков О. Б., Славинская Г. В., Дроздова Н. В. Пигменты пищевых производств (меланоидины). М.: Да Ли принт; 2008. 246 с. Selemenev V. F. Chekin G. A., Khokhlov V. Yu Interionic and intermolecular interactions in ion-exchange and sorption systems involving physiologically active substances. In: Ion-exchange. New York: Marsel Dekker; 2000(1). p. 851 – 925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203908341.ch10

scholarly journals Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes Improves Metabolic Syndrome and Liver Injury in High-Fructose-Induced Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Hua Quan ◽  
Qie Guo ◽  
Xiang-Peng Li ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Meng-Na Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Apo B ◽  
High Fructose

Abstract Background: Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes, as a traditional medicinal and edible plant used in Tibet, China, is used to treat hypertension, hyperlipemia and liver diseases. This present study was designed to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of M. toringoides (EMT) on metabolic syndrome (MS) and liver injury in high-fructose-induced mice. Methods: The C57BL/6J male mice were divided into five groups (n=8). Con group was drunk with standard water, Fru group and the other three with 30% high-fructose water for 8 weeks. EMT (195 mg/kg, 390 mg/kg, 780 mg/kg) was administered to each of high fructose groups simultaneously. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed. Blood samples were collected from eyeball. The mice were euthanized. Liver and epididymal fat were weighed. The palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the protective effect of EMT on liver lipid accumulation. Results: The administration of EMT is helpful to maintain near normal body weight, blood glucose, insulin, organ index, glucose tolerance, and serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo-B, and Apo-A1 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). EMT treatment significantly improved liver injury by the down-regulation of liver lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in high-fructose-induced mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In vitro, EMT (25 µg/mL-200 µg/mL) significantly decreased lipid droplet accumulation and TG content in PA-induced HepG2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Conclusion: EMT can obviously improve high fructose-induced MS in mice. In vitro, EMT can inhibit PA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.which may emphasizes the use of M. toringoides supplementation in everyday life of over-weighted persons and opens perspectives for clinical trials.

Production and characterization of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid particles containing anti-inflammatory substances for skin lesion recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 414-425
Author(s):  
Hong Jin Choi ◽  
Junseok Lee ◽  
Jeong Koo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Active Substances

Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid particles are biodegradable and biocompatible drug delivery systems that provide a controlled release of drugs in specific sites. These characteristics minimize the occurrence of side effects related to overdosing. To overcome the issues associated with the conservative treatment for wound healing, the objective of this work was to develop a poly lactic-co-glycolic acid particles system to deliver anti-inflammatory compounds (epigallocatechin gallate and asiaticoside) to fibroblasts. Nanoscale (~200 nm) and microscale (~10 µm) poly lactic-co-glycolic acid particles were produced using two different protocols. Nanoscale particles reduced cell proliferation by 46% compared with untreated human skin fibroblasts, whereas microscale particles did not affect fibroblast viability significantly. The toxicity of nanoparticles and the nontoxic nature of microparticles were confirmed in live and dead cell staining experiments. In vitro drug release assays showed that particles containing epigallocatechin gallate and asiaticoside were able to release most of their payload during the first 8 h of incubation. The treatment of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated fibroblasts with epigallocatechin gallate- and asiaticoside-loaded microparticles effectively suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors: tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. In this study, we found that the optimal size of biodegradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid particles for the delivery of physiologically active substances to fibroblasts is about 10 μm. Moreover, our findings indicate that poly lactic-co-glycolic acid particles of this size can be effectively applied to ameliorate tissue regeneration by delivering physiologically active substances to improve skin lesion recovery.

Platelet Aggregation Induced in Vitro by Therapeutic Ultrasound

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 0640-0651 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V Chater ◽  
A. R Williams
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Ultrasonic Cavitation ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Active Substances

SummaryPlatelets were found to aggregate spontaneously when exposed to ultrasound generated by a commercial therapeutic device. At a given frequency, aggregation was found to be a dose-related phenomenon, increasing intensities of ultrasound inducing more extensive and more rapid aggregation. At any single intensity, the extent aggregation was increased as the frequency of the applied ultrasound was decreased (from 3.0 to 0.75 MHz).Ultrasound-induced platelet aggregation was found to be related to overall platelet sensitivity to adenosine diphosphate. More sensitive platelets were found to aggregate spontaneously at lower intensities of sound, and also the maximum extent of aggregation was found to be greater. Examination of ultrasound-induced platelet aggregates by electron microscopy demonstrated that the platelets had undergone the release reaction.The observation that haemoglobin was released from erythrocytes in whole blood irradiated under identical physical conditions suggests that the platelets are being distrupted by ultrasonic cavitation (violent gas/bubble oscillation).It is postulated that overall platelet aggregation is the result of two distinct effects. Firstly, the direct action of ultrasonic cavitation disrupts a small proportion of the platelet population, resulting in the liberation of active substances. These substances produce aggregation, both directly and indirectly by inducing the physiological release reaction in adjacent undamaged platelets.

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