scholarly journals Benefits of Anthocyanin-Rich Black Rice Fraction and Wood Sterols to Control Plasma and Tissue Lipid Concentrations in Wistar Kyoto Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5363
Author(s):  
Aneta Kopeć ◽  
Jerzy Zawistowski ◽  
David D. Kitts
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Lipid Parameter ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Control Plasma

Background: This study reports on the relative effects of administrating a cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-rich black rice fraction (BRF), a standardized wood sterol mixture (WS), and a combination of both to lower plasma and target tissue lipid concentrations in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats fed atherogenic diets. Methods: Male WKY (n = 40) rats were randomly divided into five groups, which included a nonatherogenic control diet and atherogenic diets that included a positive control and atherogenic diets supplemented with BRF or WS, respectively, and a combination of both BRF + WS. Plasma and target tissue liver, heart and aorta cholesterol, and triacylglycerides (TAG) content were also measured. Results: Rats fed atherogenic diets exhibited elevated hyperlipidemia compared to counterparts fed nonatherogenic diets (p < 0.001); this effect was mitigated by supplementing the atherogenic diets with BRF and WS, respectively (p < 0.05). Combining BRF with WS to enrich the supplement lowered cholesterol similar to the WS effect (p < 0.05) and lowered TAG characteristic to the BRF effect (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Rats fed diets containing BRF or WS effectively mitigate the hypercholesterolemia and elevated TAG induced by feeding an atherogenic diet. The benefit of adding BRF + WS together is relevant to the lipid parameter measured and is target tissue-specific.

PSXIV-14 Supplementation of high-grain diet with red osier dogwood affects in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 477-477
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
And Control

Abstract Red osier dogwood (ROD) is a native shrub plant rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting barley silage with either raw ROD or ROD extract (RODE) in high-grain (HG) diet under a low media pH (5.8) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics in batch cultures. The study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: 1) control diet (10% barley silage and 90% barley concentrate, DM basis), control diet supplemented with 2) monensin (30 mg/kg diet DM; positive control), 3) substitution of 3% ROD or 4) 3% RODE for an equal portion of silage. Inoculum was obtained from 2 ruminally fistulated beef heifers offered the HG diet. Substrate ground (1 mm) was incubated for 24 h and the experiment repeated twice. The GP did not differ among treatments (147 ml/g DM), but the DMD differed (P &lt; 0.02) at highest for control (69.4%), lowest for ROD (58.4%) and intermediate for other treatments (64.1%). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (mM) tended (P&lt; 0.08) to be lower with ROD (80.5) and monensin (80.1) than control (83.9). Acetate proportion was greater (P = 0.02) with ROD (46.2%) and RODE (46.9%) than control (42.4%) and monensin (42.3%). However, the propionate proportion was greater (P = 0.05) with monensin (32.1%) than other treatments (averaged 30.1%). Consequently, acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) of ROD (1.52) and RODE (1.56) was higher than monensin (1.32; P &lt; 0.01) and control (1.44; P &lt; 0.08). Differences in variables measured between ROD and RODE were minimal. These results indicated that the decreased DMD along with increased A:P with addition of ROD or RODE suggests that both ROD and RODE may be beneficial to HG fed cattle for reducing risk of rumen acidosis without negatively impacting fibre digestion.

scholarly journals Amino acid requirements of pigs. 3. Requirement for apparent digestible threonine of pigs in different stages of growth.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 609-622
Author(s):  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J.T.M. van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Individual and group housed crossbred pigs 45 to 105 kg and 65 to 95 kg in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, were given basal diets with L-threonine 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/kg. Positive and negative control diets contained total threonine 5.7 and 4.5 g/kg, respectively. To prevent other amino acids being limiting, the negative control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine and valine. The positive control diet was supplemented with lysine and methionine. The requirement for total threonine of growing-finishing pigs for maximum growth performance was about 5.6 g/kg in a diet containing net energy 9.4 MJ/kg. This figure corresponds with about 4.7 g/kg apparent faecal digestible threonine and 4.3 apparent ileal digestible threonine. There was no difference between the growing and the finishing pigs. The requirement for ileal digestible threonine, relative to ileal digestible lysine requirement, was about 64%. It is concluded that dietary protein can be reduced by 2 percentage units without any adverse effect on growth performance, if limiting amino acids are sufficiently supplemented. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Early Changes in Arterial Function during High-Fat Diet and Its Combination with High-Fructose Intake in Rats

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1552
Author(s):  
Jozef Torok ◽  
Anna Zemancikova ◽  
Zuzana Valaskova ◽  
Peter Balis
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fructose Intake ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Isolated Arteries

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of a high-fat diet and its combination with high-fructose intake on young normotensive rats, with focus on the modulatory effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on the reactivity of isolated arteries. Six-week-old Wistar–Kyoto rats were treated for 8 weeks with a control diet (10% fat), a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat), or a combination of the HFD with a 10% solution of fructose. Contractile and relaxant responses of isolated rat arteries, with preserved and removed PVAT for selected vasoactive stimuli, were recorded isometrically by a force displacement transducer. The results demonstrated that, in young rats, eight weeks of the HFD might lead to body fat accumulation and early excitation of the cardiovascular sympathetic nervous system, as shown by increased heart rate and enhanced arterial contractile responses induced by endogenous noradrenaline released from perivascular sympathetic nerves. The addition of high-fructose intake deteriorated this state by impairment of arterial relaxation and resulted in mild elevation of systolic blood pressure; however, the increase in arterial neurogenic contractions was not detected. The diet-induced alterations in isolated arteries were observed only in the presence of PVAT, indicating that this structure is important in initiation of early vascular changes during the development of metabolic syndrome.

Dietary sodium restriction and development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. H1081-H1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Toal ◽  
F. H. Leenen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Basal Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Dietary Sodium Restriction ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
And Control

Blood pressure and body weight of conscious spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were measured up to 16 wk of age in animals started at birth on five different sodium-containing diets. SHR on 9 mumol sodium/g food did not show a rise in basal blood pressure; however, when stressed the SHR still exhibited slightly higher blood pressures than WKY. In SHR on 17 mumol sodium/g food the development of hypertension was blunted compared with that of control (101 mumol/g) diet animals. SHR on 26 or 44 mumol sodium/g diet exhibited a development of hypertension similar to that of SHR on control diet. The 26 mumol/g, 44 mumol/g, and control sodium diet groups, regardless of strain, had similar growth rates. By contrast, on 17 mumol sodium/g food both SHR and WKY showed a substantially reduced growth rate, and all animals on 9 mumol sodium/g diet were severely retarded in growth. The results indicate that dietary sodium restriction can ameliorate the development of hypertension in SHR, but only when the sodium levels are so low as to affect overall growth.

scholarly journals Control of the lipid oxidation in Nile tilapia feed

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1675-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Luís Magnani Grassi ◽  
Marcelo Tacconi de Siqueira Marcos ◽  
Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Rubrivivax Gelatinosus ◽  
Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research was to investigate the progress of the rancidity in Nile tilapia diets containing bacterial biomass of Rubrivivax gelatinosus . Six experimental treatments comprised basal diet (negative control), diet with asthaxanthin (positive control) and 4 diets with different concentrations of the bacterial biomass. The thiobarbituric acid assay for rancidity analyses were accomplished after 6 and 12 months of diets storage. It was concluded that Rubrivivax gelatinosus biomass minimized the racidity in Nile tilapia diets in 32.52 to 44.72% at 6 months and in 37.85 to 52.37% at 12 months of storage.

scholarly journals Effects of amino acid biomass or feed-grade amino acids on growth performance of growing swine and poultry12

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Madie R Wensley ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of three fermented amino acids (AA) with their respective biomass compared to crystalline AA on the growth performance of swine and poultry. In experiment 1, 315 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 11.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 15 or 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (16% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Tryptophan:lysine [Trp:Lys] ratio), positive control (21% SID Trp:Lys ratio from crystalline Trp), or diets containing Trp with biomass to provide 21 or 23.5% SID Trp:Lys ratios, respectively. Pigs fed the positive control or low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the negative control diet, with pigs fed the high Trp with biomass diet intermediate. Pigs fed the low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P &lt; 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control diet, with others intermediate. In experiment 2, 1,320 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 45.2 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 33 birds per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (58/58% Threonine:lysine [Thr:Lys] ratio), positive control (65/66% Thr:Lys ratio from crystalline Thr), or diets containing Thr with biomass to provide 65/66 or 69/70% Thr:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Thr with biomass diets had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG compared to broilers fed the negative control diet. Broilers fed the positive control or the low Thr with biomass diet had increased (P &lt; 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control and high Thr with biomass treatments. In experiment 3, 2,100 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 39.4 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 35 birds per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (59/63% Valine:lysine [Val:Lys] ratio), positive control (75/76% Val:Lys ratio from crystalline Val), or diets containing Val with biomass to provide 75/76 or 84/83% Val:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Val with biomass diets had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to those fed the negative control diet. In conclusion, Trp, Thr, or Val with their respective biomass appear to be equally bioavailable and a suitable alternative to crystalline AA in swine and poultry diets.

scholarly journals PSV-14 Effects of Cordyceps mushroom powder on nursery pig performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Jacob A Richert ◽  
Jorge Y P Palencia ◽  
Clayton S Chastain ◽  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Brian T Richert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Step Down

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the optimal level of Cordyceps mushroom powder inclusion in diets for nursery pigs. One-hundred sixty crossbred pigs [(Duroc × (York × Landrace)] weaned at 18.8 d of age and weighing an average of 5.94 kg were used in a 35 day, 4 phase growth trial to evaluate Cordyceps mushroom powder as potential alternative to carbadox in nursery pig diets. Pigs were allotted by weight, sex, litter, and assigned to body weight (BW) blocks. Within BW blocks, sex ratios were constant in each pen. Each pen within a BW block was randomly assigned a dietary treatment. Growth performance was analyzed as a RCB design using BW, ADG, ADFI, G:F using GLM procedure of SAS 9.4. There were 5 or 6 pigs/pen and 6 pens/treatment. Five diets were used in the study: a negative diet or a positive control (Carbadox, 55 ppm); 300 or 600 ppm mushroom powder, and a step down treatment (900, 900, 450, 300, 150 ppm mushroom powder during weeks 1 through 5, respectively). At various points of the study, pigs fed the 300 ppm and the step-down mushroom powder treatments tended to have improved (P &lt; 0.10) growth performance compared with those fed the negative control diet. During Phase 4 of the study, pigs fed Carbadox had greater ADG (P &lt; 0.02) and improved feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.09) compared to pigs fed the negative control diet. However, overall data showed that there were no statistical differences among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). In summary, pigs fed 300 ppm mushroom powder or the step-down treatment showed comparable growth performance to pigs fed Carbadox. However, future research is needed under a greater disease challenge to examine mushroom powder’s full potential as an alternative to antibiotics.

The effect of sucrose addition on intake of a tropical grass hay by sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Vega ◽  
D. P. Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Tropical Grass

Increasing levels of sucrose (15, 30, 45, and 60% of the total dry matter intake, DMI) were added to a Control diet of a tropical grass hay (pangola grass, Digitaria eriantha) to examine the effect on DMI and digestible organic matter intake (DOMI). A pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) diet provided a positive Control diet with a higher metabolisable energy intake. There were positive linear and quadratic effects of sucrose addition on DMI and DOMI, reflecting increasing values from Control to 45% sucrose, which then decreased for 60% sucrose. Intake values at 45% sucrose were equivalent to 49% (DMI) and 60% (DOMI) of those shown by animals fed on pelleted lucerne. At the same time there was a decrease in hay intake and neutral detergent fibre digestibility. Rumen concentration of butyric acid increased with sucrose addition. Eating pattern changed with increasing sucrose inclusion in that meals extended over the whole day rather than most food being consumed within 5 h as occurred with the high roughage diet. Intake of sucrose was similar for all diets by 5 h, but by 24 h high sucrose diets had resulted in a higher intake of sucrose. It was suggested that the underlying characteristics of the neutral detergent fibre present in the diet regulate intake by posing a limit, which cannot be overridden.

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by Methionine Excess is Effectively Suppressed by Betaine in Geese

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Zhi Yang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Jinjin Yang ◽  
Xiaoli Wan ◽  
Haiming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Myocardial Apoptosis ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Similar Body

The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of excess Methionine (Met) on the growth performance, serum homocysteine levels, apoptotic rates, and Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels in geese and to study the role of Bet (betaine) in relieving excess Met-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). In this study, 150 healthy male 14-day-old Yangzhou geese of similar body weight were randomly distributed into three groups with five replicates per treatment and 10 geese per replicate: the control group (fed a control diet), the Met toxicity group (fed the control diet +1% Met), and the Bet detoxification group (fed the control diet +1% Met +0.2% Bet). At 28, 49, and 70 d of age, the geese in the Met toxicity group had significantly lower body weights than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum homocysteine levels in geese at 70 d of age in the detoxification group were significantly lower than those in the Met toxicity group (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, Met significantly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis rates, while Bet reduced them. In conclusion, our results suggest that excess methionine reduces body weight induced by myocardial apoptosis, and Bet can be used to effectively lower plasma homocysteine levels.

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