scholarly journals Chili Pepper Carotenoids: Nutraceutical Properties and Mechanisms of Action

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5573
Author(s):  
Maria Guadalupe Villa-Rivera ◽  
Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disorder ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Chili pepper is a prominent cultivated horticultural crop that is traditionally used for food seasoning and is applied for the treatment and prevention of multiple diseases. Its beneficial health properties are due to its abundance and variety of bioactive components, such as carotenoids, capsaicinoids, and vitamins. In particular, carotenoids have important nutraceutical properties, and several studies have focused on their potential in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. In this article, we reviewed the state of knowledge of general aspects of chili pepper carotenoids (biosynthesis pathway, types and content in Capsicum spp., and the effects of processing on carotenoid content) and recent findings on the effects of carotenoid nutraceuticals, such as antioxidant, cancer preventive, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disorder preventive, and anti-obesity effects.

scholarly journals Molecular Biology of Chili Pepper Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
César Aza-González ◽  
Héctor Gordon Núñez-Palenius ◽  
Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Chili Peppers

Chili pepper (<em>Capsicum spp.</em>) is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Chili pepper fruits from different <em>Capsicum </em>species have been highly consumed in Mexico since pre-Columbian times. Some <em>Capsicum</em> species synthesize and accumulate anthocyanins in different tissues and organs. Although the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway has been established for different plant species, very few studies on anthocyanin chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology of these pigments produced by chili peppers have been reported. In this review we describe the information on the type of anthocyanins synthesized and accumulated in chili pepper, and also on the molecular biology of the biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, we discuss the applications of current knowledge for the genetic manipulation, through genetic engineering, of this trait, and also the future anthocyanin-related research areas in <em>Capsicum.</em>

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of Ripening in Chili Pepper Fruits (Capsicum spp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12151
Author(s):  
Maria Guadalupe Villa-Rivera ◽  
Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Chili Peppers ◽  
Visual Changes

Chili peppers represent a very important horticultural crop that is cultivated and commercialized worldwide. The ripening process makes the fruit palatable, desirable, and attractive, thus increasing its quality and nutritional value. This process includes visual changes, such as fruit coloration, flavor, aroma, and texture. Fruit ripening involves a sequence of physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that must be finely regulated at the transcriptional level. In this review, we integrate current knowledge about the transcription factors involved in the regulation of different stages of the chili pepper ripening process.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect on Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity of Thermal and High-Pressure Pasteurization of Orange Juice

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Vieira ◽  
Sónia Lourenço ◽  
Liliana Fidalgo ◽  
Sónia Santos ◽  
Armando Silvestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Phenolic Components

The long-term effect of thermal pasteurization (TP) and high-pressure processing (HPP) of orange juices stored under refrigeration, on the bioactive components and antioxidant activity, was compared. Total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid contents, the individual content of major phenolic components, and the antioxidant activity, were evaluated in TP- and HPP-treated juices over a 36-day period. At day 0, no significant differences in TPC, and a decrease in carotenoid content after both treatments, were observed. TP caused a decrease of flavonoid and anthocyanin contents, while HPP increased flavonoid content. Three major phenolic components were identified: apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside, naringenin-7-O-rutinoside, and hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside, the latter increasing ca. 45% immediately after HPP. During storage, a decrease in TPC, and in the anthocyanin and carotenoid contents of both treated juices was observed, with higher anthocyanin and phenolic contents in HPP juices. A significant increase of hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside content was observed in HPP juice. Both treatments caused a decrease (26% and 13%, respectively) of antioxidant activity. Most of the kinetic profiles followed zero-order patterns, with HPP juices showing a considerably higher half-life than TP ones. These results clearly demonstrate the advantages of HPP for orange juice preservation allowing, also, their nutritional benefits to be enhanced by increasing the content of some bioactive components.

Genetics and Breeding of Chili Pepper Capsicum spp.

2016 ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizanilda Ramalho do Rêgo ◽  
Mailson Monteiro do Rêgo
Keyword(s):  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Spp

Molecular biology of capsaicinoid biosynthesis in chili pepper (Capsicum spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Aza-González ◽  
Hector G. Núñez-Palenius ◽  
Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of the cucumber mosaic virus in chili pepper (Capsicum spp. L.) crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Diana Marcela Rivera-Toro ◽  
Juan Carlos Vaca-Vaca ◽  
Karina López-López
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
First Time

The chili pepper (Capsicum spp. L.) is a vegetable of economic importance that has been affected worldwide by the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a pathogen that causes a devastating disease in this crop. The aim of this research was the detection and characterization of CMV in chili pepper crops in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Leaves of three chili pepper varieties (tabasco, cayenne and habanero) with viral symptoms were collected in four municipalities of Valle del Cauca. Total RNA was purified and a fragment of capsid protein (CP) from CMV was amplified by RT‑PCR. Then, it was sequenced and bioinformatically analyzed, and from these sequences, specific primers were designed. From 71 chili pepper samples collected in Palmira, Yumbo, Vijes and Yotoco, 37 were positive for CMV (52.1%). The CMV chili pepper sequence analysis showed that they had their highest identity (98.5%) with a CMV isolated from bananas in Ecuador. Specific primers designed for CMV chili pepper showed greater sensitivity for detecting this virus (64.7% vs. 52.1%). The CMV chili pepper CP analysis indicated that it could be transmitted by the species Aphis gossypii. This r the first time, the molecular characterization of CMV in three chili pepper varieties.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization, Expression Analysis of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Pathway Genes, and Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Chelidonium majus L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1753
Author(s):  
Ramaraj Sathasivam ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Minsol Choi ◽  
Haejin Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content

Chelidonium majus L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that has various medicinal properties. However, the genomic information about its carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (CBP), xanthophyll biosynthesis pathway (XBP), and apocarotenoid biosynthesis pathway (ABP) genes were limited. Thus, the CBP, XBP, and ABP genes of C. majus were identified and analyzed. Among the 15 carotenoid pathway genes identified, 11 full and 4 partial open reading frames were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of these gene sequences showed higher similarity with higher plants. Through 3D structural analysis and multiple alignments, several distinct conserved motifs were identified, including dinucleotide binding motif, carotene binding motif, and aspartate or glutamate residues. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that CBP, XBP, and ABP genes were expressed in a tissue-specific manner; the highest expression levels were achieved in flowers, followed by those in leaves, roots, and stems. The HPLC analysis of the different organs showed the presence of eight different carotenoids. The highest total carotenoid content was found in leaves, followed by that in flowers, stems, and roots. This study provides information on the molecular mechanisms involved in CBP, XBP, and ABP genes, which might help optimize the carotenoid production in C. majus. The results could also be a basis of further studies on the molecular genetics and functional analysis of CBP, XBP, and ABP genes.

scholarly journals Androgenic studies in the production of haploids and doubled haploids in Capsicum spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 9047-9056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alejandro Sánchez ◽  
Yacenia Morillo Coronado ◽  
Ana Cruz Morillo Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Double Haploid ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
The Tropics

Capsicum spp. is a horticultural crop of agronomic interest and is considered the fourth most important vegetable in the world. It is an important nutritional and medicinal source, and its production generates employment in the tropics. In this species, the genetic variability is wide and with great potential, which has been exploited to generate outstanding varieties. Breeding programs seek different alternatives to accelerate the production of improved varieties with desirable agronomic characteristics. These objectives can be achieved with the production of haploid and double haploid plants via androgenesis or gynogenesis, being androgenesis the approach most used for paprika cultures. The purpose of this review is to present the results of different researches in obtaining haploids and doubled haploids in cultivars of Capsicum spp. and its impact on the genetic improvement of this crop. 

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