Modulation of Renal Function in a Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model by Antioxidants in Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the association of three or more pathologies among which obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and diabetes are included. It causes oxidative stress (OS) and renal dysfunction. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSL) is a source of natural antioxidants that may control the renal damage caused by the MS. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a 2% HSL infusion on renal function in a MS rat model induced by the administration of 30% sucrose in drinking water. 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Control rats, MS rats and MS + HSL rats. MS rats had increased body weight, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA index, and leptin (p ≤ 0.04). Renal function was impaired by an increase in perfusion pressure in the isolated and perfused kidney, albuminuria (p ≤ 0.03), and by a decrease in clearance of creatinine (p ≤ 0.04). The activity of some antioxidant enzymes including the superoxide dismutase isoforms, peroxidases, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase was decreased (p ≤ 0.05). Lipoperoxidation and carbonylation were increased (p ≤ 0.001). The nitrates/nitrites ratio, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione levels and vitamin C were decreased (p ≤ 0.03). The treatment with 2% HSL reversed these alterations. The results suggest that the treatment with 2% HSL infusion protects renal function through its natural antioxidants which favor an improved renal vascular response. The infusion contributes to the increase in the glomerular filtration rate, by promoting an increase in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems leading to a decrease in OS and reestablishing the normal renal function.

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Resveratrol and Quercetin Administration Improves Antioxidant DEFENSES and reduces Fatty Liver in Metabolic Syndrome Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24071297 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1297 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Maria Rubio-Ruiz ◽

Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽

Agustina Cano-Martínez ◽

Eulises Díaz-Díaz ◽

Linaloe Manzano-Pech ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Over Expression ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Mixtures of resveratrol (RSV) + quercetin (QRC) have antioxidant properties that probably impact on fatty liver in metabolic syndrome (MS) individuals. Here, we study the effects of a mixture of RSV + QRC on oxidative stress (OS) and fatty liver in a rat model of MS. Weanling male Wistar rats were separated into four groups (n = 8): MS rats with 30% sucrose in drinking water plus RSV + QRC (50 and 0.95 mg/kg/day, respectively), MS rats without treatment, control rats (C), and C rats plus RSV + QRC. MS rats had increased systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin levels, insulin resistance index homeostasis model (HOMA), adiponectin, and leptin. The RSV + QRC mixture compensated these variables to C values (p < 0.01) in MS rats. Lipid peroxidation and carbonylation were increased in MS. Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) were decreased in MS and compensated in MS plus RVS + QRC rats. Catalase, superoxide dismutase isoforms, peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and the expression of Nrf2 were decreased in MS and reversed in MS plus RVS + QRC rats (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the mixture of RSV + QRC has benefic effects on OS in fatty liver in the MS rats through the improvement of the antioxidant capacity and by the over-expression of the master factor Nrf2, which increases the antioxidant enzymes and GSH recycling.

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The Effects of Tocotrienol on Bone Peptides in a Rat Model of Osteoporosis Induced by Metabolic Syndrome: The Possible Communication between Bone Cells

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16183313 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (18) ◽

pp. 3313 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sok Kuan Wong ◽

Kok-Yong Chin ◽

Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Rat Model ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽

Positive Association ◽

Bone Remodelling Process ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Fgf 23

A positive association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis has been demonstrated in previous animal studies. The mechanisms of MetS in orchestrating the bone remodelling process have traditionally focused on the interactions between mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts, while the role of osteocytes is unexplored. Our earlier studies demonstrated the bone-promoting effects of tocotrienol using a rat model of osteoporosis induced by MetS. This study aimed to investigate the expression of osteocyte-derived peptides in the bone of rats with MetS-induced osteoporosis treated with tocotrienol. Age-matched male Wistar rats (12-week-old; n = 42) were divided into seven experimental groups. Two groups served as the baseline and normal group, respectively. The other five groups were fed with a high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet to induce MetS. The five groups of HCHF animals were treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil (vehicle), annatto tocotrienol (60 and 100 mg/kg), and palm tocotrienol (60 and 100 mg/kg) starting from week 8. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and their right tibias were harvested. Protein was extracted from the metaphyseal region of the proximal right tibia and levels of bone peptides, including osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), sclerostin (SOST), Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), were measured. The vehicle-treated animals displayed higher levels of sRANKL, SOST, DKK-1, FGF-23, and PTH as compared to the normal animals. Oral supplementation of annatto and palm tocotrienol (60 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the levels of sRANKL and FGF-23 in the HCHF animals. Only 100 mg/kg annatto and palm tocotrienol lowered SOST and DKK-1 levels in the HCHF animals. In conclusion, tocotrienol exerts potential skeletal-promoting benefit by modulating the levels of osteocytes-derived bone-related peptides.

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Effects of antioxidant diet on the RBC indices in fructose-induced obesity rat model

Acta Scientifica Naturalis ◽

10.2478/asn-2021-0025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Dimitar Bakalov ◽

Zafer Sabit ◽

Radka Tafradjiiska ◽

Pavlina Andreeva-Gateva

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Rat Model ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Rbc Indices ◽

Antioxidant Diet

Abstract The oxidative stress is one of the known and discussed culprits for development and progression of the disturbances in Metabolic syndrome (MetS). In our study, we are investigating the effects of antioxidant additives as additional treatment and prophylaxis in a model of MetS. We are using a fructose-induced metabolic syndrome rat model to examine the effects of antioxidant preparation ZellSchutz. Four experimental groups were formed using male Wistar rats (n = 60). The control group received standard rat chow, the other groups received either ZellSchutz (Z), fructose (F), or fructose and ZellSchutz (ZF). Our results showed an unexpected increase in the RBC indices in rats with dual treatment. There was a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration, MCHC, and MCV in those animals (p<0.001). The preliminary data shows the important role of antioxidants as supplementary therapy in metabolic syndrome. Further investigations will be carried on to reveal the molecular mechanisms of the observed changes.

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Effect of Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Antioxidant Systems in Experimental Rat Model

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2017/8158702 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek ◽

Ewa Romuk ◽

Bernadeta Wiśnowiska ◽

Aleksander J. Owczarek ◽

Piotr Choręza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Study Groups ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Whole Body ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Total Oxidative Status ◽

Experimental Rat Model ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy

Background. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) in rats on their antioxidant systems, lipid peroxidation products, and their total oxidative status at different exposure times and temperatures.Methods. Antioxidants in serum, plasma, liver, and erythrocytes were evaluated in two study groups following 1 min of exposure to −60°C and −90°C, for 5 and 10 consecutive days.Results. WBC increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase in the group subjected to 5 and 10 days exposure, −60°C. The glutathione S-transferase activity increased in the groups subjected to 10 days WBC sessions. Total antioxidant capacity increased after 5 and 10 days of 1 min WBC, −60°C; a decrease was observed at −90°C. A decreased level of erythrocyte malondialdehyde concentration was observed at −60°C after 5 and 10 days of cryostimulation. An increased concentration was measured at −90°C after 10 days, and increase of erythrocyte malondialdehyde concentration after 5 days, −90°C.Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research showing the effect of WBC in rats at different exposure times and temperatures. The effect of cryotherapy on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems was observed in the serum of animals exposed to a temperature of −60°C in comparison to control.

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Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/8267234 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Rosa Vona ◽

Lucrezia Gambardella ◽

Camilla Cittadini ◽

Elisabetta Straface ◽

Donatella Pietraforte

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Associated Diseases ◽

Lipid Oxidation Products

Metabolic syndrome (MS) represents worldwide public health issue characterized by a set of cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance. The link between the MS and the associated diseases is represented by oxidative stress (OS) and by the intracellular redox imbalance, both caused by the persistence of chronic inflammatory conditions that characterize MS. The increase in oxidizing species formation in MS has been accepted as a major underlying mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of protein and lipid oxidation products, and impairment of the antioxidant systems. These oxidative modifications are recognized as relevant OS biomarkers potentially able to (i) clarify the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the etiology of the MS, (ii) contribute to the diagnosis/evaluation of the disease’s severity, and (iii) evaluate the utility of possible therapeutic strategies based on natural antioxidants. The antioxidant therapies indeed could be able to (i) counteract systemic as well as mitochondrial-derived OS, (ii) enhance the endogenous antioxidant defenses, (iii) alleviate MS symptoms, and (iv) prevent the complications linked to MS-derived cardiovascular diseases. The focus of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the role of OS in the development of metabolic alterations characterizing MS, with particular regard to the occurrence of OS-correlated biomarkers, as well as to the use of therapeutic strategies based on natural antioxidants.

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The Effect of Kaempferol on Autophagy and Nrf-2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer’s Disease

Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences ◽

10.32598/cjns.8.28.179.2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7-16

Author(s):

Adeleh Jafari ◽

◽

Parvin Babaei ◽

Kambiz Rohampour ◽

Samira Rashtiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Passive Avoidance ◽

Rat Model ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Beclin 1 ◽

Key Factor ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Avoidance Memory

Background: Numerous pieces of evidence support that oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Suppression of oxidative stress is an attractive strategy and flavonoids as potent natural antioxidants are extremely noticeable. Objectives: In this study, the effects of Kaempferol (KMP) were evaluated on passive avoidance memory, hippocampal Nrf-2, and beclin-1 expression in a rat model of Aβ1-42 –induced AD. Materials & Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into five groups (n=8); sham-operated, AD model, and KMP treatment (5, 7.5, 10 mg/kg, i.p. for three weeks). Animals received an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-beta (1-42) to establish an AD model. Passive avoidance memory of rats was evaluated using a shuttle box on day 21; Step-Through Latency (STL) and time spent in The Dark Compartment (TDC) were recorded. Then, hippocampus homogenates were used for biochemical and molecular analysis by real-time PCR, western blot, and ELISA. Results: It was found that KMP improved memory evidenced by increased STL (P≤0.05) and decreased TDC (p≤0.01). KMP also increased the levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in the hippocampus of rats (P≤0.05). In addition, KMP enhanced the expression of Nrf-2 mRNA (P≤0.001) and beclin-1 protein in the hippocampus tissues (P≤0.001). Conclusion: Overall, it is suggested that the memory-improving effect of KMP is mediated, at least in part, by enhancing Nrf-2 and TAC. KMP is also able to induce autophagy through the expression of beclin-1.

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The Establishment of Metabolic Syndrome Model by Induction of Fructose Drinking Water in Male Wistar Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/263897 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Norshalizah Mamikutty ◽

Zar Chi Thent ◽

Shaiful Ridzwan Sapri ◽

Natasya Nadia Sahruddin ◽

Mohd Rafizul Mohd Yusof ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Rat Model ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Metabolic Syndrome Model ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Food And Fluid Intake

Background. Metabolic syndrome can be caused by modification of diet by means of consumption of high carbohydrate and high fat diet such as fructose.Aims. To develop a metabolic syndrome rat model by induction of fructose drinking water (FDW) in male Wistar rats.Methods. Eighteen male Wistar rats were fed with FDW 20% and FDW 25% for a duration of eight weeks. The physiological changes with regard to food and fluid intake, as well as calorie intake, were measured. The metabolic changes such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and hyperglycaemia were determined. Data was presented in mean ± SEM subjected to one-way ANOVA.Results. Male Wistar rats fed with FDW 20% for eight weeks developed significant higher obesity parameters compared to those fed with FDW 25%. There was hypertrophy of adipocytes in F20 and F25. There were also systolic hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia in both groups.Conclusion. We conclude that the metabolic syndrome rat model is best established with the induction of FDW 20% for eight weeks. This was evident in the form of higher obesity parameter which caused the development of the metabolic syndrome.

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Nannochloropsis oceanica as a Microalgal Food Intervention in Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13113991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 3991

Author(s):

Ryan du Preez ◽

Marwan E. Majzoub ◽

Torsten Thomas ◽

Sunil K. Panchal ◽

Lindsay Brown

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Value Added ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Obesity Hypertension ◽

Ventricular Fibrosis ◽

Fat Diets

The microalgal genus Nannochloropsis has broad applicability to produce biofuels, animal feed supplements and other value-added products including proteins, carotenoids and lipids. This study investigated a potential role of N. oceanica in the reversal of metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were divided into four groups in a 16-week protocol. Two groups were fed either corn starch or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (C and H, respectively) for the full 16 weeks. The other two groups received C and H diets for eight weeks and then received 5% freeze-dried N. oceanica in these diets for the final eight weeks (CN and HN, respectively) of the protocol. The H diet was high in fructose and sucrose, together with increased saturated and trans fats. H rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease and left ventricular fibrosis. N. oceanica increased lean mass in CN and HN rats, possibly due to the increased protein intake, and decreased fat mass in HN rats. Intervention with N. oceanica did not change cardiovascular, liver and metabolic parameters or gut structure. The relative abundance of Oxyphotobacteria in the gut microbiota was increased. N. oceanica may be an effective functional food against metabolic syndrome as a sustainable protein source.

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Preventive Effect of blueberries on Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats

Journal of medical and pharmaceutical sciences - مجلة العلوم الطبية و الصيدلانية ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.k050117 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

El-Khedr Mohamed Mostafa El-gamal

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Serum Aminotransferases

Nitrosamine compounds are known hepatic carcinogens. This study was designed to study the efficacy of dietary supplementation with blueberries (BB) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis in male wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups. The first group served as normal control group, the second group received DEN at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight five times a week for 15 weeks. The third one received DEN as in DEN-treated group simultaneously with 4% BB-supplemented diet. The results showed that BB caused significant decrease in the elevated serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP), homocysteine (Hcy) along with levels of glutathione(GSH), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA)and activity of glutathione reductase (GR) in liver. Normalization of elevated 2-macroglobulin (2M) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in serum, hepatic Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and liver weight was achieved whereas body weight was significantly decreased. Moreover, no significant change was observed in elevated relative liver weight, hepatic glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase (G6PD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ɤ -glutamyltransferase (ɤ-GT) activities. Significant increase in reduced hepatic activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) was achieved and histopathological damage was minimized in BB-treated group. It is suggested that BB suppress DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and could be developed as a promising chemoprotective natural supplement for liver cancer.

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Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx water extract ameliorates isoniazid and rifampicin induced liver and renal injuries in rats

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2021.34 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 296-303

Author(s):

Yulia Yusrini Djabir ◽

Jumasni Adnan ◽

Nurul Amalia ◽

Nurfadillah Ramli ◽

Sartini Sartini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Water Extract ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Control Group ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Pre Treatment

Introduction: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces possess natural antioxidants that may provide therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Roselle calyx water extract against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) induced liver and renal toxicities.Methods: Male Wistar rats (150-250 g) were designated into five groups: control group, INH-RIF group that was treated with INH-RIF at the toxic doses (50-100 mg/kg for 4 weeks, followed by 100-200 mg/kg for 2 weeks), and Roselle groups that were treated daily with Roselle extract at the doses 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, respectively prior to INH-RIF administration. Blood samples were withdrawn weekly for 6 weeks before removing rats’ livers and kidneys for tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathological analysis.Results: The results showed all rats in the INH-RIF group experienced marked elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, and tissue MDA levels compared to the controls (P<0.05). In contrast, these biomarkers were maintained at near-normal levels in Roselle extract groups. Significant inflammation and cellular degeneration were found in the liver and renal tissues of the INH-RIF group, which were noticeably reduced with Roselle extract pre-treatment at the dose of 250 mg/kg.Conclusion: It is concluded that Roselle calyx extract can provide protection against liver and renal toxicities induced by INH-RIF administration in rats.

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