scholarly journals An Alternative Approach for the Synthesis of Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4275
Author(s):  
Tobias Sitz ◽  
Hendrik Domey ◽  
Judith Fischer ◽  
Sascha Rohn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Increasing Demand

Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) is a glycolipid ubiquitously found in photosynthetically active organisms. It has attracted much attention in recent years due to its biological activities. Similarly, the increasing demand for vegan and functional foods has led to a growing interest in micronutrients such as sulfolipids and their physiological influence on human health. To study this influence, reference materials are needed for developing new analytical methods and providing enough material for model studies on the biological activity. However, the availability of these materials is limited by the difficulty to isolate and purify sulfolipids from natural sources and the unavailability of chemical standards on the market. Consequently, an alternative synthetic route for the comprehensive preparation of sulfolipids was established. Here, the synthesis of a sulfolipid with two identical saturated fatty acids is described exemplarily. The method opens possibilities for the preparation of a diverse range of interesting derivatives with different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN CHINA AND IRAN WITH CONSIDERING BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND ITS HEALTH BENEFITS

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. SUN ◽  
M. H. SHAHRAJABIAN ◽  
M. KHOSHKHARAM ◽  
H. SHEN ◽  
Q. CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Cotton (Gossypium L.) is one of the most important commercial crops and it is famous as white gold. Cotton has a diversity of applications, principally medicinal and many other usages, such as pigments, derivatives for cattle feed, different uses of the oil extracts and etc. Cottonseed oil has a ration of 2:1 of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids and generally consists of 65-70% unsaturated fatty acids, including 18-24% monounsaturated (oleic) and 42-52% polyunsaturated (linoleic), and 26-35% saturated (palmitic and stearic). The most important health benefits of cotton is treat respiratory diseases, treat skin problems, treat wounds, beneficial for breastfeeding mothers, a good cure for rat bite, an appropriate cure for scorpion bite, for joint and eye pains, for swollen legs, for removing bacteria in teeth, and alternative medicine for various diseases such as cancer, HIV and etc. Cotton seed oil mostly extracted from Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum, that are also grown for cotton fiber and animal feed. Gossypol is one of the most effective ingredients, both in traditional pharmaceutical practices and alternative modern medicinal preparations. It is a toxic polyphenolic bisesquiterpene, which may have antifertility and antiviral properties. The obtained findings suggest potential of cotton as a natural resource in pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Nutritional Properties and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Blue and Yellow Corn Extracts: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aleksandra J. Smorowska ◽  
Anna K. Żołnierczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Nawirska-Olszańska ◽  
Józef Sowiński ◽  
Antoni Szumny
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Blue Corn

The objective of this research was to designate and identify the profile of fatty acids, sterols, and polyphenol compounds and to demonstrate the antidiabetic activity, in blue corn extracts (BCE) in comparison with the yellow variant of this raw material. All of the maize lines, including the blue corn, were grown in Europe (southwestern part of Poland) and not in the place of origin (South America). In the extracts of the blue corn variety, eight anthocyanin compounds were isolated. The compound found in the largest amount was pelargonidin, followed by cyanidin-3-glucoside and other glycoside derivatives. Unsaturated fatty acids were the main ones found in the lipid fraction of blue and yellow corn, including linoleic acid and oleic acid. Saturated fatty acids, such as stearic and palmitic acid, were present in smaller amounts. The blue corn’s sterol profile was similar to other varieties of this corn, with β-sitosterol and campesterol occurring in the largest amount, alongside smaller amounts of stigmastanol and stigmasterol. The blue corn variety was characterized by a high content of polyphenolic compounds, which show several biological activities, including antidiabetic activity. The strongest in vitro antidiabetic effect was found in the blue corn lines. Among the polyphenolic compounds in both the blue and yellow corn varieties, in the largest amounts, were caffeic acid, procyanidin B2, and gallic acid. Despite the known and proven biological activity of polyphenolic compounds, the fat fraction showed the highest in vitro antidiabetic activity in the BCE studied.

scholarly journals Profiling Analysis of Fatty Acids and Collagens Obtained from Sea Cucumbers

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Pascal Budzinski ◽  
Mananya Maimeun ◽  
Parita Mutrakulcharoen ◽  
Benjamaporn Wonganu ◽  
Malinee Sriariyanun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Profiling Analysis

Investigations of alternative resources for production of functional foods and ingredients containing valuable compounds with biological activities are getting more and more attention. Sea cucumbers are aquatic functional foods with various medical and pharmaceutical effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. This study aimed to conduct profiling analysis of fatty acids and collagens extracted from four different sea cucumbers harvested from Papua New Guinea by using Gas Chromatrography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). Three different extraction methods in combination with various solvents were used to find the best combination for extracting fatty acids. Enzymatic and chemical extraction methods were applied for collagen extraction. The highest fat recovery in this study was 85.32% of theoretical yield with high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids up to 74.54%, and enriched with omega-3 fatty acid. FT-IR chromatogram of sea cucumber protein extracts showed the characteristic of collagen enriched with glycine and proline. The nutritional analysis of sea cucumber extracts demonstrated the potential use as functional foods and ingredients with high benefits to human health.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

scholarly journals Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

scholarly journals Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Atique Ahmed Behan ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽  
Teck Chwen Loh ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dorper Sheep

The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat’s fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.

Modifying egg fatty acid content by supplementation of laying hen diets with palm olein oil (POO)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
S J Hosseini Vashan ◽  
N Afzali ◽  
A Golian ◽  
M Malekaneh ◽  
A Allahressani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Olein Oil

Palm oil is the most abundant of all oils produced globally. It is very high in saturated fatty acids specifically palmitic acid, but other fatty acids (monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated) are presented at low concentrations. In the processing plant some high amount of oleic acid with some other unsaturated fatty acids are extracted and marketed as Palm olein oil, and used to reduce blood or egg cholesterol (Rievelles et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of dietary palm olein oil required to enrich the mono-unsaturated fatty acid content of yolk, egg cholesterol and antibody titre.

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